The cerebellum which stands for “little brain”, is a structure of the central nervous system. It has an important role in motor control. In particular, it is active in the coordination, precision and timing of movements, as well as in motor learning. The surface of the cerebellum is marked by a series of small infoldings called folia. It consists of two hemispheres separated by a vermis. A dural in folding called the tentorium cerebelli separates the superior surface of the cerebellum from the inferior surface of the occipital lobe. Three peduncles connect the cerebellum to other neural structures. Anatomical Location: The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, immediately inferior to the occipital and temporal lobes. It is separated from the cerebral lobes by the tentorium cerebelli, a tough layer of dura mater. It lies at the same level and posterior to the pons, from which it is separated by the fourth ventricle. The cerebellum consists of grey matter and white matter.Grey matter – located on the surface of the cerebellum. It is tightly folded, forming the cerebellar cortex. White matter – located underneath the cerebellar cortex. parts of Cerebellum : There are three parts Anatomical lobes, zones and functional divisions There are three anatomical lobes; the anterior lobe, the posterior lobe and the flocculonodular lobe. These lobes are divided by two fissures – the primary fissure and posterolateral fissure.There are two cerebellar zones. In the midline of the cerebellum is the vermis. Either side of the vermis is the intermediate zone. Lateral to the intermediate zone are the lateral hemispheres/lateral zone.The cerebellum has 3 parts: Archicerebellum (vestibulocerebellum): It includes the flocculonodular lobe, which is located in the medial zone. The archicerebellum helps maintain equilibrium and coordinate eye, head, and neck movements; it is closely interconnected with the vestibular nuclei. Midline vermis (paleocerebellum)/spinocerebellum: It helps coordinate trunk and leg movements. Vermis lesions result in abnormalities of stance and gait. It is involved in regulating body movements by allowing for error correction. It also receives proprioceptive information. Lateral hemispheres (neocerebellum)/cerebrocerebellum: They control quick and finely coordinated limb movements, predominantly of the arms and hands. THE CEREBELLUM IS INVOLVED IN THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS: Maintenance of balance and posture. postural adjustments in order to maintain balance Coordination of voluntary movements. Most movements are composed of a number of different muscle groups acting together in a temporally coordinated fashion. Motor learning. The cerebellum is important for motor learning. The cerebellum plays a major role in adapting and fine-tuning motor programs to make accurate movements through a trial-and-error process (e.g., learning to hit a baseball). Cognitive functions. involved in certain cognitive function