Once neurons are produced, they migrate and modify to form six layer.pdf

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Once neurons are produced, they migrate and modify to form six layered structure of cortex. The earliest formed neurons form the preplate which is then split into marginal plate and subplate by invading newly formed neurons. The neurons can have two origin: cortical ventricular zone and ganglionic eminences. The corticular neurons exhibit radial migration and form projection neurons while the ganglionic neurons exhibit tangantial migration and form interneurons. Both types arrange in inside out sequence and the early neurons form the deep layers while the late born neuron form the outer layers of cortex. Solution Once neurons are produced, they migrate and modify to form six layered structure of cortex. The earliest formed neurons form the preplate which is then split into marginal plate and subplate by invading newly formed neurons. The neurons can have two origin: cortical ventricular zone and ganglionic eminences. The corticular neurons exhibit radial migration and form projection neurons while the ganglionic neurons exhibit tangantial migration and form interneurons. Both types arrange in inside out sequence and the early neurons form the deep layers while the late born neuron form the outer layers of cortex..

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What happens at the mid-blastula transition in Xenopus? Which part of the Xenopus blastula becomes the mesoderm? Where does the dorsal lip tissue end up when, Xenopus gastrulation is finished? Where does the vegetal pole end up when gastrulation is finished? How is the central nervous system formed? Where does the neural crest come from and what does it become? What are the main tissue types formed from the mesoderm? What happens during the cortical rotation? What is the principal determinant for endoderm formation in Xenopus? What are the main mesoderm-inducing factors in Xenopus? Solution 2. Midblastula transition refers to a number of dramatic changes that occur at this stage in Xenopus. The important event that happens during this stage is activation of zygotic genes. The Cell cycle is lengthened, the asynchronous cycle of different cells. Development of cellular motility. 3. The blastula is composed of three different regions out of which the equatorial or marginal zone, which compose the walls of the blastocoel differentiate primarily into mesodermal tissue. 4. The lip of the blastopore nearer to the animal pole is termed the dorsal lip of the blastopore. The dorsal lip of the blastopore forms due to the contraction of bottle cells. It becomes the head and the dorsal midline structures all along the body. It forms notochord, flanking parts of somites, floor plate of neural tube. 5. The vegetal plate undergoes primary invagination to produce the archenteron or primitive gut. Primary invagination is thought to result from changes in the shape of cells in the vegetal plate. 6. During the development, the dorsal ectoderm rolls up into a tube, which becomes the brain at the anterior end and the spinal cord at the posterior end. 7. The neural crest is a population of migratory cells, derived from the neural folds. In the head, it forms much of the skeleton. It forms dorsal root ganglia, enteric ganglia and pigment cells. 8. Mesoderm develops into notochord, somites, kidneys, gonads, limbs, lateral plate, blood islands, heart and blood vessels during the Xenopus development. 9. On the surface of the dorsal egg cortex egg toward the animal pole and internally components associated with cortex move from a vegetal to a dorsal position..

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Diamond is sp3 covalent. It makes for bonds to neighboring carbons. forming an endless network of tetrahedrons Graphite is a delocalized sp2 hybridized carbon system. the entire sheet is flat because all carbons are trigonal planar and sp2 hybridized. Fullerenes have sp2 carbons in a ball shape. It is a mixture of hexagons and pentagons. Nanotubes it is one layer of graphite, aka graphene rolled up. Solution Diamond is sp3 covalent. It makes for bonds to neighboring carbons. forming an endless network of tetrahedrons Graphite is a delocalized sp2 hybridized carbon system. the entire sheet is flat because all carbons are trigonal planar and sp2 hybridized. Fullerenes have sp2 carbons in a ball shape. It is a mixture of hexagons and pentagons. Nanotubes it is one layer of graphite, aka graphene rolled up..

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You\'re looking for Ka, the dissociation constant, so you measure this by adding the substance to water. 1. Write the balanced equation HBrO + H2O = BrO- + H30+ 2. the pH is 4.95, so you know its acidic and there has to have hydronium as a product. if the pH was >7.0, there would be OH- instead. the pH is a measure of H ions, and to get the concentration, you simply do 10^(-pH). 10^(-4.95) = 1.12E-5 3. The equation for Ka is concentration of products/concentration of reactants. always look at the coefficients infront of the molecules in the reaction. in this case, it is [BrO-)][H3O+]/[HBrO] *liquids and solids are never included in this, only aqueous solutions and gases are* 4. Your concentration of H3O was found to be 1.12E-5, and because the H30 and BrO are in a 1:1 ration in the equation, the concentration for BrO is also 1.12E-5. The concentration for HBrO as a reactant is given, but the final concentration is 0.063-concentration of hydronium...but since the concentration of the hydronium is so small, it doesnt at all affect the final answer. 5. your equation for Ka=((1.12E- 5)(1.12E-5))/(0.063-1.12E-5). The final answer for your Ka is 2.0E-9 Hope this helps, please rate. Solution You\'re looking for Ka, the dissociation constant, so you measure this by adding the substance to water. 1. Write the balanced equation HBrO + H2O = BrO- + H30+ 2. the pH is 4.95, so you know its acidic and there has to have hydronium as a product. if the pH was >7.0, there would be OH- instead. the pH is a measure of H ions, and to get the concentration, you simply do 10^(-pH). 10^(-4.95) = 1.12E-5 3. The equation for Ka is concentration of products/concentration of reactants. always look at the coefficients infront of the molecules in the reaction. in this case, it is [BrO-)][H3O+]/[HBrO] *liquids and solids are never included in this, only aqueous solutions and gases are* 4. Your concentration of H3O was found to be 1.12E-5, and because the H30 and BrO are in a 1:1 ration in the equation, the concentration for BrO is also 1.12E-5. The concentration for HBrO as a reactant is given, but the final concentration is 0.063-concentration of hydronium...but since the concentration of the hydronium is so small, it doesnt at all affect the final answer. 5. your equation for Ka=((1.12E- 5)(1.12E-5))/(0.063-1.12E-5). The final answer for your Ka is 2.0E-9 Hope this helps, please rate..

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Okay so dipole-dipole interactions would occur between polar molecules such as water. The H has a + charge while O has a - charge. Dipole- induced dipole(or dispersion forces) would be like a molecule that has a polar part to it such as a -COOH group and then a nonpolar part such as a long hydrocarbon chain. The nonpolar part has no charge except the transient charge among the different atoms. I hope that helps Solution Okay so dipole-dipole interactions would occur between polar molecules such as water. The H has a + charge while O has a - charge. Dipole- induced dipole(or dispersion forces) would be like a molecule that has a polar part to it such as a -COOH group and then a nonpolar part such as a long hydrocarbon chain. The nonpolar part has no charge except the transient charge among the different atoms. I hope that helps.

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The answer is A) Pol II, with twelve subunits on its own, is capable of initiating transcription. because it is composed with 12 subunits and due to incapable of specific promoter recognition it can\'t initiate transcription. Solution The answer is A) Pol II, with twelve subunits on its own, is capable of initiating transcription. because it is composed with 12 subunits and due to incapable of specific promoter recognition it can\'t initiate transcription..

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solution: A= 1 1 0 4 3 1 2 0 5 Finding the determinant of the matrix ? det A = -3 The determinant of A is non-zero, hence the inverse matrix A-1 exists. To find the inverse matrix was calculated the minors and cofactors of the matrix ? M1,1 = 3 1 0 5 = 15 C1,1 = (-1)1+1M1,1 = 15 M1,2 = 4 1 2 5 = 18 C1,2 = (-1)1+2M1,2 = -18 M1,3 = 4 3 2 0 = -6 C1,3 = (-1)1+3M1,3 = -6 M2,1 = 1 0 0 5 = 5 C2,1 = (-1)2+1M2,1 = -5 M2,2 = 1 0 2 5 = 5 C2,2 = (-1)2+2M2,2 = 5 M2,3 = 1 1 2 0 = -2 C2,3 = (-1)2+3M2,3 = 2 M3,1 = 1 0 3 1 = 1 C3,1 = (-1)3+1M3,1 = 1 M3,2 = 1 0 4 1 = 1 C3,2 = (-1)3+2M3,2 = -1 M3,3 = 1 1 4 3 = -1 C3,3 = (-1)3+3M3,3 = -1 Matrix of cofactors: C = 15 -18 -6 -5 5 2 1 -1 -1 Transpose of cofactor matrix: CT = 15 -5 1 -18 5 -1 -6 2 -1 Finding the inverse matrix. A-1 = CT = det A -5 5/3 -1/3 6 -5/3 1/3 2 -2/3 1/3 B) First, let\'s add the Identity Matrix to the right of our matrix 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 3 1 0 1 0 2 0 5 0 0 1 Now, let\'s do Gauss-Jordan Elimination on our new matrix... Add (-4 * row1) to row2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1 1 -4 1 0 2 0 5 0 0 1 Add (-2 * row1) to row3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1 1 -4 1 0 0 -2 5 -2 0 1 Divide row2 by -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -1 4 -1 0 0 -2 5 -2 0 1 Add (2 * row2) to row3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -1 4 -1 0 0 0 3 6 -2 1 Divide row3 by 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -1 4 -1 0 0 0 1 2 -2/3 1/3 Add (1 * row3) to row2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 -5/3 1/3 0 0 1 2 -2/3 1/3 Add (-1 * row2) to row1 1 0 0 -5 5/3 -1/3 0 1 0 6 -5/3 1/3 0 0 1 2 -2/3 1/3 The inverse matrix can now be found in the right 3 columns of our reduced row echelon matrix Here is the inverse matrix: -5 5/3 -1/3 6 -5/3 1/3 2 -2/3 1/3 A= 1 1 0 4 3 1 2 0 5 Solution solution: A= 1 1 0 4 3 1 2 0 5 Finding the determinant of the matrix ? det A = -3 The determinant of A is non-zero, hence the inverse matrix A-1 exists. To find the inverse matrix was calculated the minors and cofactors of the matrix ? M1,1 = 3 1 0 5 = 15 C1,1 = (-1)1+1M1,1 = 15 M1,2 = 4 1 2 5 = 18 C1,2 = (-1)1+2M1,2 = -18 M1,3 = 4 3 2 0 = -6 C1,3 = (-1)1+3M1,3 = -6 M2,1 = 1 0 0 5 = 5 C2,1 = (-1)2+1M2,1 = -5 M2,2 = 1 0 2 5 = 5 C2,2 = (-1)2+2M2,2 = 5 M2,3 = 1 1 2 0 = -2 C2,3 = (-1)2+3M2,3 = 2 M3,1 = 1 0 3 1 = 1 C3,1 = (-1)3+1M3,1 = 1 M3,2 = 1 0 4 1 = 1 C3,2 = (-1)3+2M3,2 = -1 M3,3 = 1 1 4 3 = -1 C3,3 = (-1)3+3M3,3 = -1 Matrix of cofactors: C = 15 -18 -6 -5 5 2 1 -1 -1 Transpose of cofactor matrix: CT = 15 -5 1 -18 5 -1 -6 2 -1 Finding the inverse matrix. A-1 = CT = det A -5 5/3 -1/3 6 -5/3 1/3 2 -2/3 1/3 B) First, let\'s add the Identity Matrix to the right of our matrix 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 3 1 0 1 0 2 0 5 0 0 1 Now, let\'s do Gauss-Jordan Elimination on our new matrix... Add (-4 * row1) to row2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1 1 -4 1 0 2 0 5 0 0 1 Add (-2 * row1) to row3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 -1 1 -4 1 0 0 -2 5 -2 0 1 Divide row2 by -1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -1 4 -1 0 0 -2 5 -2 0 1 Add (2 * row2) to row3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -1 4 -1 0 0 0 3 6 -2 1 Divide row3 by 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -1 4 -1 0 0 0 1 2 -2/3 1/3 Add (1 * row3) to row2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 -5/3 1/3 0 0 1 2 -2/3 1/3 Add (-1 * row2) to row1 1.

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Q1). Gene therapy is an experimental approach to treat the disease by inserting therapeutic genes or changing gene expression levels in the patient’s cells. Genes are nucleic acid polymers; these therapeutic genes used in gene therapy generally encode a functional gene that replaces mutated gene. Potential treatment for single gene genetic disorders such as haemophilia, muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, etc. was demonstrated. Treatment of cancer, AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis are also under active investigation. All the diseases cannot be cured by gene therapy. Some of hte good targets of the gene therapy include, 1). Diseases with known genetic defects or mutations 2). Diseases with point mutations on one or more genes 3). The possibility of delivering genes to the affected tissues 4). If the substitution of defective gene correct the disease status Solution Q1). Gene therapy is an experimental approach to treat the disease by inserting therapeutic genes or changing gene expression levels in the patient’s cells. Genes are nucleic acid polymers; these therapeutic genes used in gene therapy generally encode a functional gene that replaces mutated gene. Potential treatment for single gene genetic disorders such as haemophilia, muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, etc. was demonstrated. Treatment of cancer, AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis are also under active investigation. All the diseases cannot be cured by gene therapy. Some of hte good targets of the gene therapy include, 1). Diseases with known genetic defects or mutations 2). Diseases with point mutations on one or more genes 3). The possibility of delivering genes to the affected tissues 4). If the substitution of defective gene correct the disease status.

Q1). Gene therapy is an experimental approach to treat the disease b.pdf

arakalamkah11

Solution : Three modes of DNA replication 1) Semi conservative: => Each daughter strand is composed of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand. 2) Conservative: => The original double helix remains as complete unit. => The new DNA double helix is produced as a single unit. => The old DNA is completly conserved. 3) Dispersive mode: =>Separation of the individual covalent phosphodiester bonds is required for this mode of replication..

Solution Three modes of DNA replication 1) Semi conservative.pdf

arakalamkah11

package s3; // Copy paste this Java Template and save it as \"EmergencyRoom.java\" import java.util.*; import java.io.*; // write your matric number here: // write your name here: // write list of collaborators here: // year 2016 hash code: XAbyuzR78fXeaMHBdLan (do NOT delete this line) class patientlist { private String PatientName; private int emergencyLvl; public patientlist(String PatientName, int emergencyLvl) { this.PatientName = PatientName; this.emergencyLvl = emergencyLvl; } public String getPatientName() { return PatientName; } public void setPatientName(String PatientName) { this.PatientName = PatientName; } public int getEmergencyLvl() { return emergencyLvl; } public void setEmergencyLvl(int emergencyLvl) { this.emergencyLvl = emergencyLvl; } } class EmergencyRoom { // if needed, declare a private data structure here that // is accessible to all methods in this class private List patientlist; public EmergencyRoom() { // Write necessary code during construction patientlist = new ArrayList(); } void ArriveAtHospital(String patientName, int emergencyLvl) { // You have to insert the information (patientName, emergencyLvl) // into your chosen data structure if (patientName.length() > 15 || patientName.length() < 1) { System.out.println(\"patient name is either too long or too short.\ Please enter a name between 1 to 15 characters.\"); } else if (emergencyLvl > 100 || emergencyLvl < 30) { System.out.println(\"Emergency level is either too high or too low.\ Please enter a valid level between 30 to 100.\"); } else { int i; for (i = 0; i < patientlist.size(); i++) { if (patientlist.get(i).getPatientName().compareToIgnoreCase(patientName) == 0) { System.out.println(\"Patient already admitted\"); break; } } if (i == patientlist.size()) { patientlist p = new patientlist(patientName.toUpperCase(), emergencyLvl); patientlist.add(p); } } } void UpdateEmergencyLvl(String patientName, int incEmergencyLvl) { // You have to update the emergencyLvl of patientName to // emergencyLvl += incEmergencyLvl // and modify your chosen data structure (if needed) int i; for (i = 0; i < patientlist.size(); i++) { if (patientlist.get(i).getPatientName().compareToIgnoreCase(patientName) == 0) { //System.out.println(\"Patient already admitted\"); //break; if (incEmergencyLvl > 70 || incEmergencyLvl < 0) { System.out.println(\"Emergency level is either too high or too low.\ Please enter a valid increment between 0 to 70.\"); break; } else { patientlist.get(i).setEmergencyLvl(patientlist.get(i).getEmergencyLvl() + incEmergencyLvl); } } } } void Treat(String patientName) { // This patientName is treated by the doctor // remove him/her from your chosen data structure int i; for (i = 0; i < patientlist.size(); i++) { if (patientlist.get(i).getPatientName().compareToIgnoreCase(patientName) == 0) { patientlist.remove(i); } } } String Query() { String ans = \"The emergency room is empty\"; int i; if(patientlist.isEmpty()) return ans; else{ int max=patientlist.get(0).getEme.

package s3; Copy paste this Java Template and save it as Emer.pdf

arakalamkah11

Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathogens are micro-organisms such like virus,bactria,parasite,fungi. First line of defence system:- It is a outside defence system which protect body from the outside ,it includes skin ,tear,mucus,cilia,stomach acid,urine flow. Skin acts as a barrier between pathogens and your body. it stops all microarganisms to enter in to your body unless your skin get brokken.The pathogens can get enter through your nose ,eye,mouth, but through that if pathogen passes .Nose ,eye,mouth contains mucus,tear .they stop pathogen and break down their cell wall because they contain enzyme.those that are not killed immediately are trapped in mucus swallowed. cilia is present in our windpipe.it helps to move mucus and traped pathogens from lungs.Urine flow help to flush out pathogens from the bladder.stomach acid is present in stomach and helps to kill pathogens.this is the fine defence. Second line of defence system :- once pathogen cross your first line of defence second line of defence active for example ,through the cut pathogen enter into body and develope infection then second line defence active .Through a sequence of steps called immune response ,the immune system attacks these pathogens. In the second line of deffence system is a group of cells ,tissues,organs work together to protect the body .This is called immune system. The cells involved in the immune system called white blood cells is helps to destoys the desease causing organisms.there are different types of white blood cells but function is same that protect you from the organisms. They are neutrophiles,T-helper cells,Cytotoxic cells,marcophases,B-cells. These cells work together and kill the micro organism. Tissues and Organs :- This are involved in the immune system are the lymphatic system ,lymph nodes and lymp fluid.This are having specific function. Lymphatic system is a system of thin tube present through out the body .These tubes are called lymph vessels.they contain lymph. Lymph is a fluid that contains white blood cells. lymph helps to protect body form micro organisms. This is a second line of defence system. Solution Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathogens are micro-organisms such like virus,bactria,parasite,fungi. First line of defence system:- It is a outside defence system which protect body from the outside ,it includes skin ,tear,mucus,cilia,stomach acid,urine flow. Skin acts as a barrier between pathogens and your body. it stops all microarganisms to enter in to your body unless your skin get brokken.The pathogens can get enter through your nose ,eye,mouth, but through that if pathogen passes .Nose ,eye,mouth contains mucus,tear .they stop pathogen and break down their cell wall because they contain enzyme.those that are not killed immediately are trapped in mucus swallowed. cilia is present in our windpipe.it helps to move mucus and traped pathogens from lungs.Urine flow help to flush out.

Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathoge.pdf

arakalamkah11

PDU is called Protocol Data Unit.It consists of user data and protoc.pdf

arakalamkah11

1.A hole is the absence of an electron in a particular place in an atom.Electrons and holes do not move as rapidly through the solid materials as electrons do in a vaccum.The holes move more slowly than the electrons.The holes and electrons move in opposite direction. 2.Here if the electric current moving from left to right ,than the holes will be moving in opposite direction that is from right to left. Regardless of the semiconductor type ,with the potencial applied there will be net effect.Both electrons and holes contribute to total current flow,altough they are moving in opposite directions,they are of opposite charge. Solution 1.A hole is the absence of an electron in a particular place in an atom.Electrons and holes do not move as rapidly through the solid materials as electrons do in a vaccum.The holes move more slowly than the electrons.The holes and electrons move in opposite direction. 2.Here if the electric current moving from left to right ,than the holes will be moving in opposite direction that is from right to left. Regardless of the semiconductor type ,with the potencial applied there will be net effect.Both electrons and holes contribute to total current flow,altough they are moving in opposite directions,they are of opposite charge..

1.A hole is the absence of an electron in a particular place in an a.pdf

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1. Once neurons are produced, they migrate and modify to form six layered structure of cortex. The earliest formed neurons form the preplate which is then split into marginal plate and subplate by invading newly formed neurons. The neurons can have two origin: cortical ventricular zone and ganglionic eminences. The corticular neurons exhibit radial migration and form projection neurons while the ganglionic neurons exhibit tangantial migration and form interneurons. Both types arrange in inside out sequence and the early neurons form the deep layers while the late born neuron form the outer layers of cortex. Solution Once neurons are produced, they migrate and modify to form six layered structure of cortex. The earliest formed neurons form the preplate which is then split into marginal plate and subplate by invading newly formed neurons. The neurons can have two origin: cortical ventricular zone and ganglionic eminences. The corticular neurons exhibit radial migration and form projection neurons while the ganglionic neurons exhibit tangantial migration and form interneurons. Both types arrange in inside out sequence and the early neurons form the deep layers while the late born neuron form the outer layers of cortex.

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