The document provides an overview of several early civilizations in Central and South America, including the Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Toltec, Aztec, and Inca. It describes key details about the origins, locations, religious beliefs, and cultural achievements of each civilization. It also discusses factors that contributed to the decline of some groups and their eventual replacement by later civilizations, such as tribal conflicts, invasions, and the arrival of Europeans like Hernando Cortes.

11. OLMEC

12. •Kauna-unahang
umusbong sa
Central America

13. OLMEC
• Nangangahulugang Rubber
People dahil sila ang
kauna-unahang taong
gumamit ng dagta ng
punong rubber o goma

14. LOKASYON
• Ang kanilang kabihasnan ay
yumabong sa rehiyon ng
Gulf Coast sa katimugang
Mexico na nang lumaon ay
lumawig hanggang
Guatemala

17. Colossal
Head

21. EFFIGY

22. Rubber Tree

26. Pok-a-tok

31. Paniniwala sa Jaguar

34. Olmec hieroglyphs

37. Matematika

39. DAHILAN NG PAGBAGSAK
•TRIBAL WAR
•PANANAKOP NG
IBANG TRIBO

40. Teotihuacan
Tirahan ng Diyos

42. Pyramid of the Sun

47. Quetzalcoatl
Feathered Serpent

52. MAYA

55. Yucatan Peninsula

58. Chichen Itza
•at the mouth of
the well of the
Itza"

60. TOLTEC

64. The word Toltec is said
to come from the
Nahuatl language of
that area, and means
“master builder” or
“artist.”

65. The Toltecs
were artists in
stone.

66. Standing warriors in Tula.

67. •Kauna-unahan sa mga
kulturang gumamit ng
puwersang militar
upang masakop ang
kanilang mga karatig-lugar.

68. AZTEC
“Isang nagmula sa
Aztlan”

70. Tenochtitlan – punong lungsod ng
Aztec

71. Chinampas
/ Chinampa

77. Huitzilopochtli
Diyos ng Araw

78. • Huitzilopochtli, also referred
as “Blue Hummingbird on the
Left” or "Left-Handed
Hummingbird", is the God of
the Sun and the war. Aztecs
used to sacrifice to
Huitzilopochtli by the heart of
a living body.

81. Human Sacrifice

82. •The victim was held
down by four priests,
while a fifth made an
incision in the victim’s
abdomen with an
obsidian knife.

83. •A second cut was made
in the diaphragm and
the victim’s beating
heart was ripped out.

84. •It was then placed in a
bowl held by a statue
of the particular god
being honoured.

92. Hernando Cortes

94. Moctezuma II

98. Smallpox

104. Heograpiya ng South
America

106. Amazon River

109. Andes Mountains

115. Lake Titicaca

121. Cuzco
Peru

126. Mga Diyos ng Inca
• Viracocha - creator god • Inti – sun god

127. Manco Capac

129. INCA EMPIRE

134. Machu Picchu
OLD PEAK

135. View of the city of Machu Picchu in 1911 showing the original
ruins before modern reconstruction work began

137. Hiram Bingham

138. Pachacuti

139. Temple of the Sun
Sun God – INTI

145. • Francisco Pizarro • Atahualpa

149. Kamatayan ni
Atahuallpa

151. TUPAC AMARU