The document summarizes the origins and characteristics of ancient civilizations in the Americas including the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca. It describes key aspects of their societies, religions, and cultural practices such as their writing systems, calendars, and traditions around sacrifice and burial. Major sites associated with these civilizations are also mentioned such as Machu Picchu of the Inca.
The document summarizes the origins and characteristics of ancient civilizations in the Americas including the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca. It describes key aspects of their societies, religions, and cultural practices such as their writing systems, calendars, and traditions around sacrifice and burial. Major sites associated with these civilizations are also mentioned such as Machu Picchu of the Inca.
The document discusses the origins of humans according to the scientific theory of evolution. It describes how early humans evolved from primates over a long period of time through processes like natural selection, random mutation, and survival of the fittest. Specifically:
- Humans share a common ancestor with chimpanzees, estimated to have lived 7 million years ago.
- Early hominids like Australopithecus were the first to walk upright (bipedalism), which freed their hands and allowed for tool use.
- Adaptations like bipedalism helped hominids travel longer distances in search of food on the African savanna as the climate changed.
- Gradual mutations over millions
The document discusses the Minoan civilization that developed on the island of Crete between 1600-1400 BCE. Some key points:
- The Minoan civilization was centered around the palace of Knossos on Crete. Sir Arthur Evans excavated the palace in 1899 and uncovered its well-preserved buildings and infrastructure.
- The Minoans were renowned seafarers and traders who established extensive commercial networks throughout the Mediterranean, importing and exporting goods. Crete grew wealthy through this trade.
- Minoan art and culture was highly advanced, seen in their fine frescoes and pottery as well as their elaborate drainage systems and other architectural feats. The legend of King Minos and the
This document lists several Olympic sports including wrestling, running, discus throwing, boxing, and javelin throwing. It also mentions a crown made of olive leaves.
4 th quarter ang asya sa sinaunang panahon- kanlurang asya - MESOPOTAMIAkelvin kent giron
1. The document discusses the early history of Mesopotamian civilizations, including the Akkadian Empire, which was one of the earliest empires in the region.
2. The Akkadian Empire was established after the city-state of Akkad conquered the empire of Sumer under its ruler Sargon I.
3. Under Sargon I, Akkad grew to control a large territory in Mesopotamia through military campaigns and by appointing local rulers to govern distant regions. However, the empire eventually fell due to attacks from neighboring groups.
2. 200-750 B.C.E
Sa pagsapit ng 2000 B.C.E., Ang
ilan sa mga lugar sa
Lambak ng Mexico ay naging
mas maunlad dahil sa
Ugnayang kalakalan at
pagyabong ng ekonomiya.
Isa sa mga dakila at
pinakamalaking lungsod sa
panahong ito ay ang Teotihucan.
3. 200-750 B.C.EAng katagang TEOTIHUCAN ay
nangangahulugang “TAHANAN NG
MGA DIYOS” .
Noong kakaunti pa lamang ang mga
pamayanang matatagpuan dito.
Makalipas ang isang siglo, tinatayang
ang bilang ng populasyon sa lugar na ito
y nasa 600 katao.
Subalit sa pagsapit ng 150 B.C.E ito ay
naging isang lungsod na sumusukat ng
halos 12.95 kilometro kuwadrado na may
mahigit sa 20, ooo katao.
Sa pagitan ng 150 B.C.E at 750 B.C.E, ang
populasyon nito ay minsang umabot sa
120, 000
4. Ang mga piramide, liwasan, at lansangan ay nagbigay
ng karangyaan, kadakilaan, at kapangyarihan sa
lungsod.
Maliban dito, ang mga pinuno nito ay nagawang
makontrol ang malaking bahagi ng Lambak ng
Mexico.
Naging sentrong pagawaan ang lungsod
samantalang ito ay nagkaroon ng monopolyo sa
mahalagang produkto tulad ng cacao, goma, balahibo
at obsidian.
5. Ang OBSIDIAN – ay isang maitim at makintab a bato
na nabuo mula sa tumigas na lava.
Ginagamit ang OBSIDIAN ng mga TEOTIHUACAN
sa paggawa ng kagamitan, salamin, at sa talim ng
mga kutsilyo at pati na rin sa iilang mga figurine o
maliliit na nilililok na bagay.
Matagumpay na pinamunuan ng mga dugong
bughaw o NOBILITY ang malaking bahagdan ng
populasyon.
Ito ay naganap sa pamamagitan ng pagkontrol sa
Ekonomiya, Pag-angkop sa Relihiyon, at
Pagpapasunod ng puwersahan
6. Ang pinakamahalagang diyos ng mga
TEOTIHUACAN ay si QUETZALCOATL, ang
FEATHERED SERPENT GOD.
Tinawag na diyos ng kabihasnan, pinaniniwalaang sa
kanya nagmula ang iba’t – ibang elemento ng
kabihasnan ng TEOTIHUACAN.
Kinakatawan din niya ang puwersa ng kabutihan at
liwanag. Siya rin ang Diyos ng Hangin.
QUETZALCOATL
Feathered Serpent
7. Noong 600 B.C.E, ang ilang mga tribo sa hilaga ay sumalakay sa lungsod at
sinunog ang Teotihucan. Mabilis na bumagsak ang lungsod matapos ang
650 B.C.E ang paghina ng lugar ay maaring dulot ng mga banta mula sa
karatig-lugar, tagtuyot, at pagkasira ng kalikasan.