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Mexicas
- 1. Mexica Márcio Padilha Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Gto., México
- 2. The Mexica: Basic Concepts One of the great Mesoamerican Civilizations. Inhabited the Valley of Mexico circa 1325 AD-1521 AD Polytheistic
- 3. “Mesoamerica:” what is that? It is a cultural region in the Americas where a number of pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.
- 4. “Mesoamerica:” Where is that?
- 5. Valley of Mexico • Roughly where Highlands the Federal District and plateau in eastern half of central Mexico the State of Mexico are It was a center • Teotihuacan for several pre- • The Toltec Columbian • The Aztec civilizations
- 6. Polytheism? Polytheistic… Polytheism poly theos many god
- 7. Terminology Interrelation Mexica Aztec Náhuatl
- 8. Terminology Interrelation Mexica Náhuatl Aztec • Demonym: • Language: • Origin: • The • Group of • The indigenous related Náhuatl people languages word for and "people of the dialects of from Valley of the Uto- Aztlán,” Mexico, Aztecan the who lived language mythical in Aztlán. family, ancestral spoken by home of the the Mexica Mexicas. people.
- 9. So, in comparison… Aztlán/ Mexica/ USA Idahoan Aztec/ Náhuatl/ American English
- 10. Uto-Aztecan Languages Uto Utah
- 11. Mexico, Land of the Mexica! At first, “Mexico” referred to the settlements in the valley which became the site of what is now Mexico City. • Hot Summers • Cool Winters
- 12. Foods • maize Staple Foods: • beans • squash • chilis Condiments: • tomatoes
- 13. Drinks Different • maize alcoholic • honey beverages were made from • pineapple fermented: • cactus fruit Xocolatl • Yes, chocolate!
- 14. Cannibalism The Aztecs practiced ritualistic cannibalism. Victims, usually prisoners of war, were sacrificed in public on top of temples and pyramids by cutting out their hearts. The bodies were then thrown down to the ground where they were dismembered. The pieces were then distributed to the elite, which were mostly warriors and priests. The meat was consumed in the form of stews flavored only with salt and eaten with maize tortillas, but without the otherwise ubiquitous chili.
- 15. Chinampas Often referred to as "floating gardens" Created by staking out the shallow lake bed and then fencing in the rectangle with wattle. The fenced-off area was then layered with mud, lake sediment, and decaying vegetation, eventually bringing it above the level of the lake.
- 16. Chinampas Often trees were planted at the corners to secure the chinampa. Chinampas were separated by channels wide enough for a canoe to pass. These "islands" had very high crop yields with up to seven crops a year.
- 17. Aztec Empire
- 18. Aztec Education Mandatory universal education of children until 14 yrs of age. Parental Involved obligation, learning the supervised by huēhuetlàtolli the which authorities of embodied the their calpōlli Aztecs' ideals.
- 19. Types of School Calmecac: Telpochcalli: Advanced Learning in Writing, Astronomy, Practical and Statesmanship, Military Studies Theology and other areas.
- 20. Náhuatl System of Writing Aztec Years had 260 days. Their weeks had 20 days, as shown below: The Náhuatl System employs glyphs instead of letters.
- 21. Religion Referred to God as “Teotl.” Divided the world into upper and nether worlds, each associated with a specific set of deities and astronomical objects. Had a large and ever increasing pantheon. Had elements of human sacrifice in connection with a large number of religious festivals which were held according to patterns of the Aztec calendar.
- 22. Aztec Calendar Mrs. Padilha by the Aztec Calendar in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.
- 23. Tezcatlipoca Quetzalcoatl Tlaloc Pantheon: Cultural Gods Mixcoatl Huitzilopochtli
- 24. Tonatiuh Metztli Tlaltecuhtli Chalchiuhtlicue Pantheon: Nature Gods Centzon Huitznahua Ehecatl
- 25. Ometeotl Huehueteotl Coatlicue Pantheon: Gods of Creation
- 26. Tlazolteotl Tepoztecatl Xochiquetzal Mayahuel Pantheon: Gods of Pulque Ometochtli
- 27. Aztec Pantheon: Gods of Maize and Fertility Chicomecoatl Xipe Totec Xochipilli Cinteotl
- 28. Aztec Pantheon: Gods of Death and the Underworld Mictlancihuatl Mictlantecutli Xolotl
- 29. Human Sacrifices Aztecs practiced human sacrifice on a large scale Offering to Huitzilopochtli; to restore the blood he lost to create the Sun. To prevent the end of the world that could happen on each cycle of 52 years. In the 1487 re-consecration of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan, some estimate that 80,400 prisoners were sacrificed.
- 30. Social Stratitication National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City. Priest Nobels Craftsmen & Merchants Farmers Slaves
- 31. Aztec Architecture: Temples Scaled Model of the Templo Mayor at the Mr. and Mrs.. Padilha at the entrance of the Templo Mayor Museum in Mexico City. Templo Mayor Museum in Mexico City.
- 32. Aztec Architecture: Pyramids Aztec Pyramid in Tlalnepantla Aztec Pyramid in Malinalco, de Baz, Mexico State. Mexico State.
- 33. Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire Hérnan Cortés Moctezuma II
- 34. Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire In 1518, Cortéz is put in command of an expedition to explore and secure the interior of Mexico for colonization. Accompanied by about 11 ships, 500 men, 13 horses and a small number of cannons, Cortés landed in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mayan territory.
- 35. Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire In March 1519, Cortés formally claimed the land for the Spanish crown. Then he proceeded to Tabasco and won a battle against the natives, who did not want to welcome the Spaniards, during which time he received from the vanquished twenty young indigenous women and he converted them all.
- 36. Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire Among these women was La Malinche, his future mistress and mother of his child Martín. Malinche knew both the Nahuatl language and Maya, thus enabling Hernán Cortés to communicate in both.