IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ACETYLATION OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOLS OVER BiFeO3 (BFO), Bi0.86Sm0.07Eu0.07FeO3 (B...EDITOR IJCRCPS
BiFeO3 (BFO), Bi0.86Sm0.07Eu0.07FeO3 (BSEFO), and Bi0.86Sm0.07Cd0.07FeO3 (BSCFO) nanopowders were prepared by the sol-gel
combustion method and the catalytic performances were evaluated in acetylation reaction of benzyl alcohol. The physical chemical
properties of catalysts were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDX and BET surface.
Efficient acetylation of benzyl alcohol was carried out over all the nano powders using acetyl chloride/ acetonitrile at room
temperature. Among the nanopowders, BSCFO showed the highest catalytic performance and the yield of benzyl acetate was 89,
45, and 69 percent over BSCFO, BFO, and BSEFO, respectively. Partial substitution of Sm-Eu and Sm-Cd in bismuth ferrite
improved the catalytic performance and increased the specific surface area of the catalysts. A direct relationship was resulted
between catalytic performance and surface of catalysts, where BSCFO with the highest surface area (111m2/g) exhibited the
superior catalytic performance. The quantitative yield for acetate product was also resulted for acetylation of p-methyl benzyl
alcohol, p-nitro benzyl alcohol and p-chloro benzyl alcohol on BSCFO. The catalysts showed good reusability in the process. The
study confirmed the catalysts could be promising catalyst for acetylation of alcohols.
Keywords: Europium, Samarium, Bismuth ferrites, nano perovskite, doping, Acetylation, benzylic alcohols.
Effluents containing heavy metals can be
remediated with the help of dead microorganisms by the process
known as biosorption. In this study the dead biomass 1of fungus
Aspergillus flavus was used for the biosorption of heavy metals
i.e., Zinc and Nickel. The capacity of biosorption by the dead
biomass of Aspergillus flavus was evaluated at room temperature
with different parameters which are; pH, contact time, biomass
concentration and metal ion concentration. The biosorption
capacity for Zn was found to be 47.36% at room temperature, at
pH 6.5, with biomass concentration of 2g/L having contact time of
50 min and solution concentration of 2ppm. Biosorption capacity
for Ni was found to be 61.60% at room temperature, at pH 5,
with biomass concentration of 2g/L having contact time of 60 min
and solution concentration of 2ppm. . In this study, desorption of
the heavy metals by 0.1M HCl was found to be effective. Fungal
biomass was recovered for reuse.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ACETYLATION OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOLS OVER BiFeO3 (BFO), Bi0.86Sm0.07Eu0.07FeO3 (B...EDITOR IJCRCPS
BiFeO3 (BFO), Bi0.86Sm0.07Eu0.07FeO3 (BSEFO), and Bi0.86Sm0.07Cd0.07FeO3 (BSCFO) nanopowders were prepared by the sol-gel
combustion method and the catalytic performances were evaluated in acetylation reaction of benzyl alcohol. The physical chemical
properties of catalysts were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDX and BET surface.
Efficient acetylation of benzyl alcohol was carried out over all the nano powders using acetyl chloride/ acetonitrile at room
temperature. Among the nanopowders, BSCFO showed the highest catalytic performance and the yield of benzyl acetate was 89,
45, and 69 percent over BSCFO, BFO, and BSEFO, respectively. Partial substitution of Sm-Eu and Sm-Cd in bismuth ferrite
improved the catalytic performance and increased the specific surface area of the catalysts. A direct relationship was resulted
between catalytic performance and surface of catalysts, where BSCFO with the highest surface area (111m2/g) exhibited the
superior catalytic performance. The quantitative yield for acetate product was also resulted for acetylation of p-methyl benzyl
alcohol, p-nitro benzyl alcohol and p-chloro benzyl alcohol on BSCFO. The catalysts showed good reusability in the process. The
study confirmed the catalysts could be promising catalyst for acetylation of alcohols.
Keywords: Europium, Samarium, Bismuth ferrites, nano perovskite, doping, Acetylation, benzylic alcohols.
Effluents containing heavy metals can be
remediated with the help of dead microorganisms by the process
known as biosorption. In this study the dead biomass 1of fungus
Aspergillus flavus was used for the biosorption of heavy metals
i.e., Zinc and Nickel. The capacity of biosorption by the dead
biomass of Aspergillus flavus was evaluated at room temperature
with different parameters which are; pH, contact time, biomass
concentration and metal ion concentration. The biosorption
capacity for Zn was found to be 47.36% at room temperature, at
pH 6.5, with biomass concentration of 2g/L having contact time of
50 min and solution concentration of 2ppm. Biosorption capacity
for Ni was found to be 61.60% at room temperature, at pH 5,
with biomass concentration of 2g/L having contact time of 60 min
and solution concentration of 2ppm. . In this study, desorption of
the heavy metals by 0.1M HCl was found to be effective. Fungal
biomass was recovered for reuse.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, the effect of copper oxide coated kaolinite on mercury (II) removal based on initial metal concentration, particle concentration, and prolonged residence time have been investigated. Experimental methods involved batch mode techniques at ambient temperature. The content was analysed for Hg(II) adsorbed, using standard laboratory procedures. Here, using empirical models derived from Freundlich isotherm, adsorption capacity increased from 300 to 400 mg/kg over the range of initial metal concentration investigated. The complex behavior of existing reactive sites and the generation of new active sites accounted for these changes in adsorption capacity. Increase in particle concentration led to decrease in adsorption. This was over the range of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 gL-1 solid concentration. Higher Cp reduced the specific surface area for adsorption. Hg(II) ions removal increased with increase in residence time. The most efficient ratio of Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite was at 0.002kgL-1 at 40mgL-1 mercury concentration. Values of between 600 to 900 mg/kg for Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite was higher when compared with the uncoated kaolinite. As ageing was increased, hydroxylation probably increased thus leading to the formation of new reactive sites.
Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies on removal of hexavalent chrom...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Removal of Cr(VI) by biosorption on two agro waste materials, casuarinas fruit powder (CFP) and sorghum
stem powder (SSP), has been investigated. The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by SEM, EDX,
FTIR and BET. These biomaterials effectively removed Cr(VI) with a maximum removal of 93.35% and 63.75% using
15 gL−1 and 5 gL−1 of CFP and SSP, respectively, at 60 oC with 20mgL−1 initial Cr(VI) concentration in solution. In both
cases of adsorbents, kinetic data of adsorption fitted well in pseudo-second-order in terms of correlation coefficient
(R2). This helps in proposing the process of adsorption as chemical coordination, which is correlated with the thermodynamic
study results conducted at different values of temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R models were evaluated
for description of metal sorption isotherms. Values of coefficients of intra-particle diffusion and mass transfer have
also been determined at different values of temperature.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Since the Nobel prize for Physics was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”, the eyes of the scientific world have been focused on this so-called miracle material.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, a novel copper oxide coated kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The materials used for this study were synthesized, characterised and the product tested for mercury ion removal using standard laboratory procedures. Reactivity and removal kinetic models derived from Freundlich isotherm were used to investigate contact time and pH effects on the coefficient of protonation and rate of mass transfer of Hg(II) ions to the reactive sites, Proton coefficient of 0.89 indicated a decrease in proton consumption function when compared with uncoated kaolinite. At the 12th h reaction time, a maximum adsorption capacity of 85% was achieved. Mass transfer rates of 0.9359h-1 and 0.0748h-1 for the first and second reaction phases indicated a reduction when compared with uncoated kaolinite. These changes may be ascribed to masking of reaction sites and exposed surface area of the Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite.
adsorption of methylene blue onto xanthogenated modified chitosan microbeadsSiti Nadzifah Ghazali
Methylene Blue (MB) is thiazine dyes that widely use to color product in many industry such as textile, printing, leather, cosmetic and paper. Xanthogenated-Modified Chitosan Microbeads (XMCM) is use to observe the new alternative adsorbent in removing MB from water body through adsorption process. The interactions between MB and functional group in XMCM were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Several parameters that influence adsorption ability such as the effect of adsorbent dosage of XMCM and the effect of initial pH of MB aqueous solution were studied. This study were done at optimum condition which is at pH 4 of initial pH of MB solution, 0.01 g of initial XMCM dosage, 6 hours stirring time and temperature of (30 ± 2 ℃). The adsorption data fit well Langmuir model more than Freundlich model. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MB was 21.62 mg g-1 which indicated that XMCM can be a new alternative adsorbent for removing MB.
More Affordable, Reliable and Recoverable Nutrient RemovalBlack & Veatch
Recurring harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie and other water bodies keep nutrients at the forefront of water quality priorities in the Great Lakes, Upper Mississippi River and elsewhere in the Midwest. Recent regulatory strategies have focused on nonpoint source controls and more stringent point source limits. In response, more treatment utilities will likely consider biological nutrient removal (BNR) technologies along with other alternatives. Since the invention of the Phoredox and Bardenpho processes in South Africa in the early 1970s, understanding of underlying BNR mechanisms has grown significantly, especially for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR).
This webinar will look at recent developments that have further improved the reliability and cost-effectiveness of EBPR for cold and wet conditions encountered in the Midwest and Great Lakes. Case studies will be discussed demonstrating innovative design features that can turn unintended BNR consequences into positive results, including:
Side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR) – moves anaerobic zones out of the main liquid stream. This configuration is much more reliable and efficient than conventional mainstream anaerobic zones, making EBPR viable in more cases than previously thought possible.
Struvite recovery processes – minimizes nuisance scaling in digestion and dewatering, reduces nutrient return loads to the main liquid stream, improves biosolids dewaterability, and produces a high-quality, eco-friendly fertilizer product.
Step-feed anoxic zones – are a lower-energy denitrification alternative to the traditional Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) approach to offset nitrification oxygen and alkalinity demands and avoid clarifier sludge blanket flotation.
Wet-weather step-feed and biomass transfer – manage peak flows and protect biomass from washout. Auxiliary enhanced high-rate treatment (EHRT) facilities offer even greater resiliency and excellent phosphorus removal.
Abstract— 2, 4-dinitrophenol and 2, 4, 6- trinitrophenol were successfully photodegraded using visible light active monoclinic BiVO4 as photocatalyst. 10ppm of dinitrophenol is photodegraded using 50mg BiVO4 under irradiation for 3h. 10ppm trinitrophenol is photodegraded using 100mg BiVO4 under irradiation for 3h. Ease of photodegradation of DNP and TNP varied in the order DNP > TNP for the same amount of photocatalyst. Photoluminescence studies confirmed the formation of •OH free radicals due to irradiation. Synergetic effect is noticed between BiVO4 and H2O2.
Biological Oxygen Demand Lab Analysis and BackgroundJonathan Damora
The purpose of this experiment is to perform a Biochemical Oxygen Demand test on primary clarifier effluent from a wastewater treatment plant to determine a BOD versus time curve. This curve can then be used to determine the Ultimate BOD of the wastewater sample and the rate constant for its decay.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Chelating ion exchange and antimicrobial studiesIJECSJournal
The Copolymer (p-HBTF-I) was synthesized by condensation of p-hydroxybenzoicacid and thiosemicarbazide with formaldehyde in the presence of 2M HCL as a catalyst at 126 ± 2 0C for 5 hrs. with molar proportion of reactants. The copolymer (p-HBTF-I) was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Visible 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. The chelating ion-exchange property of this polymer was studied for five metal ions viz. Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), Zn (II), and Pb (II) ions. The chelating ion-exchange study was carried out over a wide range of pH, shaking time and in mediaof various ionic strengths. The copolymer possesses antimicrobial activity for certain bacteria such as B. Subtilis, ,E.Coli, S. Typhi .
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, the effect of copper oxide coated kaolinite on mercury (II) removal based on initial metal concentration, particle concentration, and prolonged residence time have been investigated. Experimental methods involved batch mode techniques at ambient temperature. The content was analysed for Hg(II) adsorbed, using standard laboratory procedures. Here, using empirical models derived from Freundlich isotherm, adsorption capacity increased from 300 to 400 mg/kg over the range of initial metal concentration investigated. The complex behavior of existing reactive sites and the generation of new active sites accounted for these changes in adsorption capacity. Increase in particle concentration led to decrease in adsorption. This was over the range of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 gL-1 solid concentration. Higher Cp reduced the specific surface area for adsorption. Hg(II) ions removal increased with increase in residence time. The most efficient ratio of Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite was at 0.002kgL-1 at 40mgL-1 mercury concentration. Values of between 600 to 900 mg/kg for Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite was higher when compared with the uncoated kaolinite. As ageing was increased, hydroxylation probably increased thus leading to the formation of new reactive sites.
Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies on removal of hexavalent chrom...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Removal of Cr(VI) by biosorption on two agro waste materials, casuarinas fruit powder (CFP) and sorghum
stem powder (SSP), has been investigated. The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by SEM, EDX,
FTIR and BET. These biomaterials effectively removed Cr(VI) with a maximum removal of 93.35% and 63.75% using
15 gL−1 and 5 gL−1 of CFP and SSP, respectively, at 60 oC with 20mgL−1 initial Cr(VI) concentration in solution. In both
cases of adsorbents, kinetic data of adsorption fitted well in pseudo-second-order in terms of correlation coefficient
(R2). This helps in proposing the process of adsorption as chemical coordination, which is correlated with the thermodynamic
study results conducted at different values of temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R models were evaluated
for description of metal sorption isotherms. Values of coefficients of intra-particle diffusion and mass transfer have
also been determined at different values of temperature.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Since the Nobel prize for Physics was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”, the eyes of the scientific world have been focused on this so-called miracle material.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, a novel copper oxide coated kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The materials used for this study were synthesized, characterised and the product tested for mercury ion removal using standard laboratory procedures. Reactivity and removal kinetic models derived from Freundlich isotherm were used to investigate contact time and pH effects on the coefficient of protonation and rate of mass transfer of Hg(II) ions to the reactive sites, Proton coefficient of 0.89 indicated a decrease in proton consumption function when compared with uncoated kaolinite. At the 12th h reaction time, a maximum adsorption capacity of 85% was achieved. Mass transfer rates of 0.9359h-1 and 0.0748h-1 for the first and second reaction phases indicated a reduction when compared with uncoated kaolinite. These changes may be ascribed to masking of reaction sites and exposed surface area of the Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite.
adsorption of methylene blue onto xanthogenated modified chitosan microbeadsSiti Nadzifah Ghazali
Methylene Blue (MB) is thiazine dyes that widely use to color product in many industry such as textile, printing, leather, cosmetic and paper. Xanthogenated-Modified Chitosan Microbeads (XMCM) is use to observe the new alternative adsorbent in removing MB from water body through adsorption process. The interactions between MB and functional group in XMCM were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Several parameters that influence adsorption ability such as the effect of adsorbent dosage of XMCM and the effect of initial pH of MB aqueous solution were studied. This study were done at optimum condition which is at pH 4 of initial pH of MB solution, 0.01 g of initial XMCM dosage, 6 hours stirring time and temperature of (30 ± 2 ℃). The adsorption data fit well Langmuir model more than Freundlich model. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MB was 21.62 mg g-1 which indicated that XMCM can be a new alternative adsorbent for removing MB.
More Affordable, Reliable and Recoverable Nutrient RemovalBlack & Veatch
Recurring harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie and other water bodies keep nutrients at the forefront of water quality priorities in the Great Lakes, Upper Mississippi River and elsewhere in the Midwest. Recent regulatory strategies have focused on nonpoint source controls and more stringent point source limits. In response, more treatment utilities will likely consider biological nutrient removal (BNR) technologies along with other alternatives. Since the invention of the Phoredox and Bardenpho processes in South Africa in the early 1970s, understanding of underlying BNR mechanisms has grown significantly, especially for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR).
This webinar will look at recent developments that have further improved the reliability and cost-effectiveness of EBPR for cold and wet conditions encountered in the Midwest and Great Lakes. Case studies will be discussed demonstrating innovative design features that can turn unintended BNR consequences into positive results, including:
Side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR) – moves anaerobic zones out of the main liquid stream. This configuration is much more reliable and efficient than conventional mainstream anaerobic zones, making EBPR viable in more cases than previously thought possible.
Struvite recovery processes – minimizes nuisance scaling in digestion and dewatering, reduces nutrient return loads to the main liquid stream, improves biosolids dewaterability, and produces a high-quality, eco-friendly fertilizer product.
Step-feed anoxic zones – are a lower-energy denitrification alternative to the traditional Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) approach to offset nitrification oxygen and alkalinity demands and avoid clarifier sludge blanket flotation.
Wet-weather step-feed and biomass transfer – manage peak flows and protect biomass from washout. Auxiliary enhanced high-rate treatment (EHRT) facilities offer even greater resiliency and excellent phosphorus removal.
Abstract— 2, 4-dinitrophenol and 2, 4, 6- trinitrophenol were successfully photodegraded using visible light active monoclinic BiVO4 as photocatalyst. 10ppm of dinitrophenol is photodegraded using 50mg BiVO4 under irradiation for 3h. 10ppm trinitrophenol is photodegraded using 100mg BiVO4 under irradiation for 3h. Ease of photodegradation of DNP and TNP varied in the order DNP > TNP for the same amount of photocatalyst. Photoluminescence studies confirmed the formation of •OH free radicals due to irradiation. Synergetic effect is noticed between BiVO4 and H2O2.
Biological Oxygen Demand Lab Analysis and BackgroundJonathan Damora
The purpose of this experiment is to perform a Biochemical Oxygen Demand test on primary clarifier effluent from a wastewater treatment plant to determine a BOD versus time curve. This curve can then be used to determine the Ultimate BOD of the wastewater sample and the rate constant for its decay.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Chelating ion exchange and antimicrobial studiesIJECSJournal
The Copolymer (p-HBTF-I) was synthesized by condensation of p-hydroxybenzoicacid and thiosemicarbazide with formaldehyde in the presence of 2M HCL as a catalyst at 126 ± 2 0C for 5 hrs. with molar proportion of reactants. The copolymer (p-HBTF-I) was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Visible 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. The chelating ion-exchange property of this polymer was studied for five metal ions viz. Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), Zn (II), and Pb (II) ions. The chelating ion-exchange study was carried out over a wide range of pH, shaking time and in mediaof various ionic strengths. The copolymer possesses antimicrobial activity for certain bacteria such as B. Subtilis, ,E.Coli, S. Typhi .
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
DOI 10.1002tqem.21536R E S E A R C H A R T I C L EExDustiBuckner14
DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21536
R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E
Experimental investigation of adsorption capacity of anthill
in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff Idowu Iyabo Olateju
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engi-
neering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola
University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Correspondence
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Department of Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineer-
ing, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.
5454, Nigeria.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In the present work, the adsorption capacity of anthill was investigated as a low-cost adsorbent
to remove the heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion (Pb2+), and zinc (II) ion (Zn2+) from an aqueous solu-
tion. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of the heavy metal ions were investigated under batch
process. For the study we examined the effect of the solution's pH and the initial cations con-
centrations on the adsorption process under a fixed contact time and temperature. The anthill
sample was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF),
and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. From the SEM analysis, structural change in the
adsorbent was a result of heavy metals adsorption. Based on the XRF analysis, the main compo-
sition of the anthill sample was silica (SiO2 ), alumina (Al2 O3 ), and zirconia (ZrO2 ). The change in
the peaks of the spectra before and after adsorption indicated that there was active participation
of surface functional groups during the adsorption process. The experimental data obtained were
analyzed using 2- and 3-parameter isotherm models. The isotherm data fitted very well to the 3-
parameter Radke–Prausnitz model. It was noted that Pb2+ and Zn2+ can be effectively removed
from aqueous solution using anthill as an adsorbent.
K E Y W O R D S
adsorption, anthill, characterization, equilibrium isotherm, heavy metal
1 I N T R O D U C T I O N
Indiscriminate disposal of wastewater containing heavy metals has
received considerable attention in recent years, primarily due to the
fact that their presence in waste stream can be readily adsorbed by
aquatic organisms and make them directly enter the human food chain,
thus posing a serious health risk to consumers (Lin, MacLean, & Zeng,
2000). Because of the ability of heavy metals to accumulate in living
tissues and because they cause damage to these tissues over time,
heavy metals are classified as carcinogens. For example, exposure to
lead ions can cause anemia, kidney damage, and even untimely death
(Mohammed-Ridha, Ahmed, & Raoof, 2017), while zinc ions at elevated
concentration result in pancreas damage, osteoporosis, and even death
(Wahi, Ngaini, & Jok, 2009). Water or wastewater containing heavy
metals requires effective treatment techniques that can completely
remove these toxic metals (Yusuff, 2017).
A number of treatment techniques for the removal of heavy
me ...
Equilibrium and Kinetics Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Sol...theijes
Sourcing cheap adsorbents for the treatment of waste water is imperative for local environments. The adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from aqueous solution onto bamboo activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with ZnCl2 was investigated. The unwashed chemical activated bamboo carbon (UCABC) achieved up to 87.81% and 96.45% removal of Cd and Pb at pH-5 and 11, respectively. Removal equilibrium was attained within 1hr and 2.5hrs for Cd and Pb, respectively. The Cd and Pb adsorption increased with adsorbent dosage decrease while removal rate (%) increased with Cd and Pb concentration. Adsorption isotherm of Cd and Pb onto UCABC was determined and correlated with four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Hills). The equilibrium data fitted into Freundlich Cd (R2 = 0.9873, SSE = 0.045), Pb (R2 =0.9903, SSE = 0.051); Temkin Cd (R2 =0.9730, SSE = 0.052), Pb (R2 = 0.9079, SSE = 0.056); Hills Cd (R2 = 0.9961, SSE = 0.048), Pb (R2.= 0.9183, SSE = 0.053) and Langmuir Cd (R2 = 0.9653, SSE = 0.302), Pb (R2 = 0.9899, SSE = 0.136) isotherms. The Freundlich fitting showed isotherm adsorption capacity constants Kf = 7.843 and 5.098 (mg/g) for Cd and Pb, respectively. Furthermore, their adsorption kinetics correlated with the Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order and Intra-particle diffusion models and could be best described by the Pseudo-second order equation, suggesting chemisorptions as the limiting process. This study demonstrated that the UCABC can remove Cd2+ and Pb+ ions from aqueous solution to avert expensive commercial adsorbents
The problem of environmental pollution is more expressed and more present by the development of the industry and the growth of the human population. Pollution of natural and wastewater is most often due to the release of heavy metals into watercourses. The greatest challenge for researchers is choosing the right biomass from a large number of low-cost biomaterials, and availability and price are very important selection factors. Microbial biomass, forestry waste and agroindustrial complexes are most frequently examined, as well as various macromolecules of natural origin. In this paper, barley straw that arises as agricultural waste product in barley production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was used as a biosorbent. In the experimental part, physical and chemical characterization of barley straw was performed, after which the efficiency of removing Cd(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions, using barley straw, and the influence of process parameters (pH value of aqueous solution, biosorbent size, interaction of metal ions) on the biosorption capacity were tested. It can be concluded that barley straw has good adsoption characteristics for the use as a low-cost natural sorbent for the removal of heavy metals from water.
Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Onto Activated Ca...IJERA Editor
This paper studied the ability of using local activated carbon (LAC) derived from olive waste cakes as an
adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by batch operation. Various operating parameters
such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ions concentration, and equilibrium contact time have been
studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of Cu(II) increased with the increasing pH, and the optimum
solution pH for the adsorption of Cu(II) was found to be 5. The adsorption process increases with increasing
dosage of LAC, also the amount of Cu(II) removed changes with Cu(II) initial concentration and contact time.
Adsorption was rapid and occurred within 25 min. for Cu(II) concentration range from 60 to 120 mg/l
isothermally at 30±1 oC. Maximum adsorption occurs at Cu(II) initial concentration lesser than 100 mg/l by
using adsorbent dosage (1.2 g/l). The equilibrium adsorption data for Cu(II) were fitted well with the Langmuir
and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of LAC was found to be 106.383
mg/g. So, the results indicated the suitability use of the activated carbon derived from olive waste cakes (LAC)
as low cost and natural material for reliable removal of Cu(II) from water and wastewater effluents.
Removal of Lead Ion Using Maize Cob as a BioadsorbentIJERA Editor
The intensification of industrial activity and environmental stress greatly contributes to the significant rise of
heavy metal pollution in water resources making threats on terrestrial and aquatic life. The toxicity of metal
pollution is slow and interminable, as these metal ions are non bio-degradable. The most appropriate solution for
controlling the biogeochemistry of metal contaminants is sorption technique, to produce high quality treated
effluents from polluted wastewater. Maize cob readily available was used as sorbent for the removal of lead ions
from aqueous media. Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments as a function of process
parameters such as sorption 500ppm,2.5g, 400minutes, 400 rpm and 5 PH. Concentration, Dosage, time, rpm,
and pH. I have found that the optimized parameters are Freundlich model fits best with the experimental
equilibrium data among the three tested adsorption isotherm models. The kinetic data correlated well with the
Lagergren first order kinetic model for the adsorption studies of lead using maize cob. It was concluded that
adsorbent prepared from maize cob as to be a favorable adsorbent and easily available to remove the heavy
metal lead (II) is 95 % and can be used for the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater.
Removal of Pb II from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from ...ijtsrd
The recent study explains about the removal of Pb II ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Garlic waste. Garlic peels have been used for the production of Carbon by treating with conc.H2SO4 for metal ions removal. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration have been used for various physicochemical characterization of the outcome of activated carbon which proclaimed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like phenolic, lactonic and carboxylic in the carbons. In a batch adsorption process the effect of pH and initial metal ion concentration was calculated. The optimum pH for lead adsorption is found to be equal to 6.The resultant activated carbon showed maximum adsorption capacity of Pb II was 210 mg g 1. The waste material which is used in this work is cost effective and easily available for the production of activated carbon. Hence the removal of Pb II from water using the carbons prepared from Garlic peels can act as possible low cost adsorbents for the removal of Pb II from water. R. Mary Nancy Flora | Ashok | Ramanathan ""Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from Garlic Waste"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23365.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/23365/removal-of-pb-ii-from-aqueous-solutions-using-activated-carbon-prepared-from-garlic-waste/r-mary-nancy-flora
Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamics investigation on adsorption of divalent ...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Three novel and distinct agricultural waste materials, viz., Casuarinas fruit powder (CFP), sorghum stem powder
(SSP) and banana stem powder (BSP) were used as low cost adsorbents for the removal of toxic copper(II) from
aqueous solutions. Acid treated adsorbents were characterized by SEM, EDX and FTIR. Different factors effecting
adsorption capacity were analyzed and the effi ciency order was BSP>SSP>CFP. Based on the extent of compatibility
to Freundlich/Langmuir/D-R/Temkin adsorption isotherm and different models (pseudo-fi rst and second order,
Boyd, Weber’s and Elovich), chemisorption primarily involved in the case of CFP and SSP, whereas, simultaneous
occurrence of chemisorption and physisorption was proposed in the case of BSP. Based on the observations, it was
proposed that three kinetic stages involve in adsorption process viz., diffusion of sorbate to sorbent, intra particle
diffusion and then establishment of equilibrium. These adsorbents have promising role towards removal of Cu(II)
from industrial wastewater to contribute environmental protection.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
1. Suantak Kamsonlian, C.B. Majumder, S.Chand / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2335-2339
Process Parameter Optimization And Isothermal Modeling:
Removal Of Arsenic(V) Ion From Contaminated Water Using
Palm Bark (PB) Biomass
Suantak Kamsonlian1*, C.B. Majumder2 and S.Chand3
1*, 2, 3
Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
ABSTRACT
In present investigation activated carbon standard. However, some countries like India,
derived from palm bark (PB) biomass was used Bangladesh and China have adopted MCL of 50 ppb
for removal of As(V) ion from contaminated water (0.05 mg/l) as their drinking water standard [6,7].
by biosorption. The effect of various parameters
such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dose and Researchers in many countries are studying
contact time were studied in batch experimental the removal of arsenic from contaminated water
setup. Topographical and morphological analysis using several techniques, namely
of the biosorbent was carried out through oxidation/precipitation, electrocoagulation/co-
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier precipitation, lime softening, metal-oxide adsorption,
transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, ion-exchange
analysis showed that the surface of biosorbent resin, coagulation-microfiltration, etc [8,9,10]. Most
became porous and uneven after activation. of these methods suffer from some drawbacks, such
Energy Dispersive X- ray (EDX) analysis of the as high capital and operational cost or the disposal of
activated carbon before and after As(V) ion the residual metal sludge, and are not suitable for
sorption indicated that chemical ion exchange was small-scale industries [11].
the preferred mode of As(V) ion binding on
biosorbent surface. The biosorption of As(V) ion Biosorption is one of the latest techniques
was found to be highly pH dependent. At the used for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous
optimum treatment conditions of pH (4), solutions. Some of the biosorbents such as
temperature (250C), contact time (90 min) and Eichhornia crassipes [12], wooden ash [13], Psidium
adsorbent doses (4 g/l), 85.70% removal of As(V) guajava leaf [14], Moringa oleifera Lamarck seed
ion was obtained. Sorption equilibrium was powder [9], Orange waste gels [1], Jute leaf powder,
studied using Langmuir and Freundlich sugarcane powder, lily leaf powder, fish ayes powder
isotherms. Freundlich isotherm was found to be and water hyacinth root powder [15], have currently
best fitted to equilibrium sorption data with been employed for the removal of arsenic from liquid
higher linear correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.990). media. In this investigation, palm bark (PB) was
chosen as biosorbent due to being of its natural,
Keywords: As(V) ion, Sorption, Palm bark renewable and thus cost-effective biomass [16]. The
biomass, Parameters optimization, Isotherm models, objective of the present work is to investigate the
ICP-MS potential of palm bark (PB) biomass for the removal
of As(V) ion from contaminated water by
1. INTRODUCTION biosorption. Fourier transmission infrared
Arsenic contamination in ground water has spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy
caused serious health effects to untold hundreds of (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X- ray (EDX) were
millions of people across the world [1,2]. Effluent of used to analyze the characteristic of palm bark (PB)
industries like metal-processing, semi conductor, biomass. Optimum biosorption conditions were
copper smelting, galvanization unit, electroplating, determined as a function of pH, biomass dosage,
metal finishing, mining, battery, pigment, dyestuff contact time, and temperature. The Langmuir and
and paint and acid mine drainage wastewaters contain Freundlich models were used to describe equilibrium
significant amount of arsenic [3,4]. On exposure to isotherms.
high arsenic concentrations may cause acute and
chronic metabolic disorders, such as dermal pigments 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
(Blackfoot disease) and skin, liver and lung cancer 2.1 Chemicals and stock preparation
[5]. Due to high toxicity of arsenic, US All chemicals used in the present experiment
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and were of analytical reagent (AR) grade. For
World Health Organization (WHO) have preparation of stock solutions and dilutions, double
recommended that the maximum contaminant level deionized water (Millipore 17.9 MΩ/cm) was used.
(MCL) for arsenic in drinking water of 10 ppb and Stock solution of 1000 mg/l concentration of As (V)
the water treatment system must comply with this
2335 | P a g e
2. Suantak Kamsonlian, C.B. Majumder, S.Chand / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2335-2339
was prepared by using 8.8 mg of sodium arsenate available on the surface of PB biomass was as
(Na2HAsO4.7H2O). follows: 30.12% of C, 42.63% of O, 14.49% of K,
1.52% of Si, 0.28 of Ca, 2.06% of Na, 0.7% of Al
2.2 Biosorbent preparation and characterization and 2.25% of Mg. In case of loaded As(V) ion onto
For the present investigation, palm bark PB biomass surface as shown in Fig. 1(b), it was
(PB) collected from the campus of Indian institute of observed that highly accumulation of As(V) ion
Technology, Roorkee, India was used for the resulting in loss of surface porosity and roughness.
experiment. The grime content of BP was removed The percentage weight of chemical compositions
by repeated washing with distilled water and used it available on the surface of PB biomass after loading
as biosorbent. The moisture content of biosorbent of As(V) ion was as follows: 23.23% of C, 38.74% of
was initially air-dried for 4-5 hours and then kept O, 14.49% of K, 1.52% of Si, 8.28 of Ca, 7.30% of
inside the oven for about 24 hrs at 50oC. As, 1.21% of Na, 0.3% of Al and 4.03% of Mg.
Subsequently, grounded and sieved biosorbent
(around 1.18 mm) was stored in container.
Morphology and characterization of PB biomass
were determined by using Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X- ray (EDX)
and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
2.3 Method of analysis
Initially a known amount of prepared
biosorbent was added in the sample and then agitated
at 180 rpm inside the orbital shaker. The batch
biosorption procedures were conducted at pH of 4,
reaction temperature of 25oC, dosage of 4 g and
contact time of 90 minutes, respectively. The final
sample was filtered and analyzed through the
spectrophotometer (Tashniwal TVS 25A made) by
SDDC (Silver diethyldithiocarbamate) method [17] at
a wavelength (λ) of 540 nm by occasional
crosschecking with ICP-MS.
The percentage removal of arsenic ions was
calculated as follows [18]
(Ci C f )
Biosorption (%) 100 …………… (1)
Ci
where Ci and Cf are the initial and final
concentrations of arsenic ions present in the
biosorption studies.
Fig. 1: SEM and EDX analysis of PB biomass (a)
The amount of arsenic sorbed per unit mass unloaded As(V) ion and (b) loaded As(V) ion
of the biosorbent (mg/g) was evaluated by using
following equation [19] Fig. 2 shows that FTIR analysis of unloaded
As(V) onto PB biomass surface, the functional
Uptake capacity, qe Ci C e
V
..…………. (2) groups such as carboxyl, methyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl
W and methyl were present in sufficient amount on
where Ci and Ce were initial and equilibrium As(V) ion unloaded biomass surface [6, 21]. FTIR
concentrations of As(V) (mg/l), qe, V and W were vibrations present on the surface of PB biomass
equilibrium uptake of metal ion (mg/g), volume of before loading of As(V) ion, i.e., 3500 – 3000,
solution in liters (l) and mass of adsorbent in grams 2924.35, 1738.27 – 1431.86, 1428.48 – 1073.63,
(g) respectively. 898.38 – 776.06 cm-1 shifted to weak and diminished
reflectance pattern between 3500 – 3000 cm-1 and
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2000 -1000 cm-1 after loading of As(V) ion onto PB
3.1 Characterization of biosorbent biomass surface. It was observed that most of the
Fig. 1(a) represent the SEM photographs of peaks of functional groups in case of unloaded As(V)
As(V) ion unloaded indicating the porous structure ion were disappeared or diminished after loading of
and an irregular surface of PB biomass. The presence As(V) ion on the surface of PB biomass, indicating
of voids on the surface of PB biomass revealed that the involvement of biosorbent surface chemistry in
the possibility of As(V) ion accumulation [20]. EDX As(V) ion biosorption across liquid phase.
analysis of As(V) ion unloaded showed the
percentage weight of chemical compositions
2336 | P a g e
3. Suantak Kamsonlian, C.B. Majumder, S.Chand / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2335-2339
3.3 Effect of temperature and contact time on As
100 (V) biosorption
Unloaded As(V) ion
90 Loaded As(V) ion Fig. 4 shows increased in temperature
80
increased percentage removal of As(V) ion also
70
increased up to 250C and then decreased due to
%Transmittance
breaking down of As(V) ion bond on the surface of
60
PB biomass at higher temperature [24]. Further
50 increased in temperature has no significant
40 percentage removal of As(V) ion, thus optimum
30
temperature was considered as 25oC.
20
The effect of contact time on removal of
10
As(V) ion onto PB biomass surface was investigated
0 as shown in Fig. 4. Rapid removal of As(V) ion was
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 obtained initially and later on rate of removal became
Wavenumber (cm-1) slow and then reached optimum state (90 min).
Maximum percentage removal of 85.70% As(V) ion
Fig. 2. FTIR spectrum of BP biomass: unloaded was achieved at 90 min. Futher extension of contact
As(V) ion and loaded As(V) ion (3500 - 500 cm-1) time (>90 min) did not significantly effects
percentage removal of As(V) ion due to the
3.2 Effect of pH and dosage on As(V) ion accumulation arsenic species [4]. Hence, the batch
biosorption experiment contact time was considered as 90 min on
The effect of pH was studied ranges from biosorption of As(V) ion from liquid phase.
pH 2 to pH 8 as shown in Fig.3. As the pH value
increased above pH 4, biosorption of As(V) ion was
observed to be decreased due to electrostatic
repulsion between the negatively charged As(V)
species, HAsO42- , and the biosorbent surface [9, 22].
Since the pH of the system of was found optimized at
4, hence in the further studies pH 4 was used.
Fig. 3 shows that the maximum removal of
As(V) ion was observed at 4 g under the given
experimental condition. Increase in the biosorbent
dosage results in the increase in the number of active
sites, which lead to increase in the percentage
removal of As(V) ion [23]. However increased in Fig. 4: Effect of temperature/contact time on the
dosage after 4 g results no further removal of As(V) % removal of As(V) ion onto PB biomass (C0=50
ion since internal saturations of pores occurred. mg/l, 180 rpm, dosage=4 g and pH=4).
Hence, the optimum dosage of PB biomass for 3.4 Equilibrium Studies
removal of As(V) ion from liquid phase could be To describe the equilibrium state for As(V)
taken as 4 g/l PB biomass. For further studies an ion biosorption experiments, Langmuir isotherm and
optimum dosage of biosorbent has been used. Freundlich isotherm were tested. Langmuir isotherm
model assumes that there are a finite number of
binding sites having the same affinity for adsorption
of monolayer and there is no interaction between
adsorbed molecules [13]. The mathematical form of
equation can be expressed as
K L Ce
qe ………………… (3)
(1 b C e )
where, KL and b are the maximum uptake
capacity (mg/g) and Langmuir constant related to the
capacity (l/mg), respectively. Ce is the equilibrium
arsenic concentration (mg/l).
Fig. 3. Effect of pH/dosage on the % removal of Freundlich isotherm model assumes the
As(V) ion onto PB biomass (Co = 50 mg/l and 180 heterogeneous nature of the biosorbent surface and
rpm) the multilayer coverage of biosorbent surface by
2337 | P a g e
4. Suantak Kamsonlian, C.B. Majumder, S.Chand / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2335-2339
sorbate species [25]. The empirical form of equation Experimental best data points are predicted by
can be expressed as Freundlich equation.
(1 )
qe K f Ce n
…………………… (4) Table 1: Parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich
where Kf and n are constants for adsorption models for the biosorption of As(V) ion onto PB
capacity (l/mg) and adsorption intensity, respectively. biomass at 25oC
The hybrid fractional error function (HYBRID) was
used as a criterion in finding the best isotherm model
to fit the experimental data [26]. The HYBRID is
given by following equation:
100 n (q e,exp q e,calc )
HYBRID q
n p i 1
e ,exp
i
.................... (5)
The experimental data were fitted with the
selected isotherm model. Fig. 5 represent the
isotherm plot for sorption of As(V) ion onto the
biosorbent. Constant parameters and correlation
coefficient values of each model obtained are given
in Table 1. From the correlation coefficient (R2) 4. CONCLUSION
values of all isotherm equations, Freundlich model In the present investigation it was evident
provides a better understanding of As(V) ion that PB biomass can be used as an economically
biosorption with linear correlation coefficients (R2) feasible biosorbent for the removal of As(V) ion from
near to unity, which revealed that biosorption contaminated water. Characterization of biosorbent
occurred on heterogeneous surface of solid biomass. surface by SEM and EDX revealed that highly
However, Langmuir model did not fit well accumulation of As(V) ion resulting in loss of surface
experimental data. The HYBRID value of isotherm porosity and roughness. FTIR analysis evident that
models were tested. It was observed that HYBRID most of the peaks of functional groups in case of
value of Freundlich model was smaller as compared unloaded As(V) ion were disappeared or diminished
to that of Langmuir model. So, it can be concluded after loading of As(V) ion on the surface of PB
that Freundlich model was best suited for the biomass. The sorption of As(V) ion was found to be
experimental data, represents that sorption occurs highly pH dependent. It was observed that maximum
multilayer of solid/liquid phase interaction. The percentage removal of As(V) ion was observed as
maximum uptake capacity of As(V) ion was 2.23 85.70% at 2.23 mg/g uptake capacity, pH of 4,
mg/g, it is showed that PB has a potential to be a dosage of 4 g, contact time of 90 minutes and
good biosorbent for removal of As(V) ion from reaction temperature of 25oC, respectively. The
contaminated water due to its high sorption capacity equilibrium sorption data was best represented by
and availability. Freundlich isotherm model (R2=0.990).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are thankful to Department of
Chemical Engineering and Institute Instrumentation
Center of Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee,
India for providing technical support and facilities.
The authors would also like to thank to Ministry of
Human Resource Development (MHRD, New Delhi),
Government of India for funding this research work.
REFERENCES
[1] B.K. Biswas, k. Inoue, K.N. Ghimire, H.
Kawakita, K. Ohto and H. Harada, Effective
removal of srsenic with lanthanum(III) and
cerium(III) loaded orange waste gels, Separ.
Fig. 5. Langmuir and Freundlich models for Sci. Technol., 43, 2008, 2144-2165.
As(V) ion removal mediated by biosorption onto [2] M.A. Barakat and S. Nurettin, Cationic
PB biomass surface (particle size = 1.18 mm, hydrogels for toxic arsenate removal from
dosage = 4 g, agitation rate = 180 rpm and pH 4). aqueous environment, J. Environ. Manag.,
88, 2008, 955-961.
2338 | P a g e
5. Suantak Kamsonlian, C.B. Majumder, S.Chand / International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2335-2339
[3] N. Balasubramanian, K. Toshinori and C. drinking water using bio-adsorbents, Proc.
Srinivasakannan, Arsenic removal through Pakistan Acad. Sci., 44, 2007, 157-164.
electrocoagulation: Kinetic and statistical [16] P.C. Chia, C.L. Ming and M.L. Chung, Low
modelling". Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 155, 76-82. cost farmed shrimp shells could remove
[4] P. King, N. Rakesh, S.I. Beena, K.Y. arsenic from solutions kinetically, J.
Prsanna and V.S.R.K. Prasad, Biosorption of Hazard. Mater., 171, 2009, 859-864.
zinc onto Syzygium cumini L: Equilibrium [17] M.H. Arbab-Zavar and Hashemi, Evaluation
and kinetic studies, Chem. Eng. J., 144, of electrochemical hydride generation for
2008, 181-187. spectrophotometric determination of As (V)
[5] S. Parinda, N. Akira, T. Paitip, B. Yoshinari by silver diethyldicarbamate, Talanta, 52,
and N. Wonranan, Mechanism of Cr (VI) 2000, 1007-1014.
adsorption by coir pith studied by ESR and [18] S. Wei, C. Shiyan, S. Shuaike, L. Xin, Z.
adsorption kinetic, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, Xiang, H. Weilli and W. Huaping,
2009, 1103-1108. Adsorption of Cu (II) and (II) onto
[6] S. Kamsonlian, C.B. Majumder, S. Chand diethylenetriamine-bacterial celluolose,
and S. Suresh, Biosorption of Cd (II) and As Carbohydrate polymers, 75, 2009, 110 –
(V) ions from aqueous solution by tea waste 114.
biomass, Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., [19] B. Dipu, S. Shigeo, K. Shigeru and K.
5(1), 2011, 1-7. Toshinori, Sorption of As(III) from aqueous
[7] K.M. Sanjoy, P. Anjali and P. Tarasankar, solution using acid modified carbon black,
Arsenic removal from real-life groundwater J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 2009, 1269-1277.
by adsorption on laterite soil, J. Hazard. [20] D. Pokhrel and T. Viraraghavan, Arsenic
Mater., 151, 2008, 811-820. removal from an aqueous solution by
[8] P. Mondal, C.B. Majumder and B. Mohanty, modified A. niger biomass: batch kinetic
Treatment of arsenic water in a batch reactor and isotherm studies, J. Hazard. Mater.,
by using ralstonia eutropha MTCC 2487 and 150, 2008, 818–825.
granular activated carbon, J. Hazard. [21] M. Debasish, M. Debaraj and K.P. Kyung,
Mater., 153, 2008, 588-599. A laboratory scale study on arsenic(V)
[9] P. Kumari, P. Sharma, S. Srivastava and removal from aqueous medium using
M.M. Srivastava, Biosorption studies on calcined bauxite ore, J. Environ. Sci., 20,
shelled Moringa oleifera Lamarck seed 2008, 683-689.
powder: Removal and recovery of arsenic [22] K.N. Tarun, C. Pankaj, K.B. Ashim and KD.
from aqueous system, Int. J. Mineral Proc., Sudip, Saw dust and neem bark as low cost
78, 2006, 131-138. natural biosorbebt for adsorptive removal of
[10] M.S. Rahaman, A. Basu and M.R. Islam, Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions form aqueous
The removal of As (V) and from aqueous solutions, Chem. Eng. J., 148, 2008, 68-79.
solutions by waste materials, [23] D. Moha, C.U. Pittman, M. Bricka, F.
Bioresour.Technol., 99, 2008, 2815–2823. Smith, B. Yancey, J. Mohammad, P.H.
[11] G.S. Murugesan, M. Sathiskumar and K. Steele, M.F. Alexander-Franco, V.G.
Swaminathan, Arsenic removal from Serrano and H. Gong, Sorption of arsenic,
groundwater by pretreated waste tea fungal cadmium and lead by chars produced from
biomass, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 2006, fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-
483-487. oil production, J. Colloids Inter. Sci., 310,
[12] S.W. Al-Rmalli, C.F. Harrington, M. Ayub 2007, 57-73.
and P.I. Haris, A biomaterial based approach [24] L. Lorenzen, J.S.J. Deventer and L.W.M.L.
for arsenic removal from water, J. Environ. Van, Factors affecting the mechanism of the
Monit., 7, 2005, 279-282. adsorption of arsenic species on activated
[13] M.H. Rahman, N.M. Wasiuddin and M.R. carbon, Min. Eng., 8, 1995, 557-569.
Islam, Experimental and numerical [25] R. Selvakumar, S. Kavitha, M.
modeling studies of arsenic remocal with Sathishkumar and K. Swaminathan, Arsenic
wood ash from aqueous streams, Can. J adsorption by polyvinyl pyrrolidone K25
Chem. Eng., 82, 2004, 968-977. coated cassava peel carbon from aqueous
[14] S. Kamsonlian, S. Suresh, C.B. Majumder solution, J. Hazard. Mater., 153, 2008, 67-
and S. Chand, Biosorption of arsenic from 74.
contaminated water onto solid psidium [26] J.F. Porter, G. McKay and K.H. Choy, The
guajava leaf surface: Equilibrium, kinetics, prediction of sorption from a binary mixture
themodynamics and desorption study, of acidic dyes using single- and mixed
Bioremed. J, 16(2), 2012, 97-112. isotherm variants of the ideal adsorbed
[15] M.J. Islam, M.R. Hossain, A. Yousuf and solute theory, Chem. Eng. Sci., 54, 1999,
M.A. Subhan, Removal of arsenic from 5863-5885.
2339 | P a g e