This document summarizes a study that investigated using water hyacinth fiber as a low-cost biosorbent for removing copper and zinc ions from aqueous solutions. The study examined the effect of initial solution concentration, initial biomass concentration, and temperature on biosorption. Equilibrium adsorption data fit well with four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich). Results showed that water hyacinth has a high affinity and sorption capacity for copper and zinc ions, with maximum capacities of 99.42 mg Cu2+ and 83.01 mg Zn2+ per 1 g of biomass. The study demonstrated that water hyacinth fiber is an
Discussed about Sources of Heavy metals , Sources of Heavy metals , Bioremediation, Biosorption by Fungi, Algae, Bacteria , Factors affecting Biosorption , Heavy metals relation with human beings
Heavy metals, particularly silver and mercury, have a variety of applications in controlling microbial population. Ps. aeruginosa is a high intrinsic resistant to antibiotics and heavy metals including Copper Sulfate, Silver Sulfate, Mercury chloride, Lead nitrate, Zinc sulfate, Cadmium sulfate, and Nickel sulfate.
Removal of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) using fresh water algae (Utricula...Innspub Net
A study was conducted to check the efficiency of different fresh water algae for removing heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) from contaminated water. The three most abundant indigenous algal species namely Ulothrix tenuissima, Oscillatoria tenuis and Zygogonium ericetorum were collected from fresh water channels of Parachinar, Pakistan and brought to the laboratory of Soil and Environmental Sciences Department at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan for proper identification. To check the efficiency for removing heavy metals artificial contaminated water was prepared and was inoculated with mix culture of above mentioned algae and incubated for 10 days. After incubation algal species were removed from water through centrifugation and was dried, digested and analyzed for heavy metals. The results showed that the concentration of all heavy metals was substantially reduced in the algal inoculated contaminated water. The analysis of algal biomass showed that considerable amount of metals and other elements were recovered in algae. Among the tested algal species, Zygogonium ericetorum showed maximum removal Ni(99.40ug) and Cr(66.84ug) from contaminated water followed by Oscillatoria tenuis with 84ug(Ni) and 64.83ug(Cr) respectively. However Oscillatoria tenuis showed maximum removal of Cd(41.00ug) than the other algal species. Similarly Zygogonium ericetorum showed maximum removal of Pb (451ug) followed by Ulothrix tenuissima where 441ug was recorded. Highest amount Cd, and Ni were recovered in Zygogonium ericetorum biomass while highest amount of Cr and Pb were recorded in the biomass of Oscillatoria tenuis. Finally it could be concluded that algae have efficiently removed heavy metals from contaminated water. Further research is needed to test other algal species for removal of heavy metal and other elements from the contaminated water.
Discussed about Sources of Heavy metals , Sources of Heavy metals , Bioremediation, Biosorption by Fungi, Algae, Bacteria , Factors affecting Biosorption , Heavy metals relation with human beings
Heavy metals, particularly silver and mercury, have a variety of applications in controlling microbial population. Ps. aeruginosa is a high intrinsic resistant to antibiotics and heavy metals including Copper Sulfate, Silver Sulfate, Mercury chloride, Lead nitrate, Zinc sulfate, Cadmium sulfate, and Nickel sulfate.
Removal of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) using fresh water algae (Utricula...Innspub Net
A study was conducted to check the efficiency of different fresh water algae for removing heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) from contaminated water. The three most abundant indigenous algal species namely Ulothrix tenuissima, Oscillatoria tenuis and Zygogonium ericetorum were collected from fresh water channels of Parachinar, Pakistan and brought to the laboratory of Soil and Environmental Sciences Department at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan for proper identification. To check the efficiency for removing heavy metals artificial contaminated water was prepared and was inoculated with mix culture of above mentioned algae and incubated for 10 days. After incubation algal species were removed from water through centrifugation and was dried, digested and analyzed for heavy metals. The results showed that the concentration of all heavy metals was substantially reduced in the algal inoculated contaminated water. The analysis of algal biomass showed that considerable amount of metals and other elements were recovered in algae. Among the tested algal species, Zygogonium ericetorum showed maximum removal Ni(99.40ug) and Cr(66.84ug) from contaminated water followed by Oscillatoria tenuis with 84ug(Ni) and 64.83ug(Cr) respectively. However Oscillatoria tenuis showed maximum removal of Cd(41.00ug) than the other algal species. Similarly Zygogonium ericetorum showed maximum removal of Pb (451ug) followed by Ulothrix tenuissima where 441ug was recorded. Highest amount Cd, and Ni were recovered in Zygogonium ericetorum biomass while highest amount of Cr and Pb were recorded in the biomass of Oscillatoria tenuis. Finally it could be concluded that algae have efficiently removed heavy metals from contaminated water. Further research is needed to test other algal species for removal of heavy metal and other elements from the contaminated water.
Heavy metals and its effects on plants and environmentHaider Ali Malik
Heavy metals are natural constituents of the earth’s crust , but indiscriminate human activities have drastically altered their geochemical cycles and biochemicals balance.
Any toxic metals may be called heavy metals.
Since heavy metals have a propensity to accumulate in selective body organs.
The average safety levels in food or water are often misleading high.
Heavy is any metal or metalloid of environmental concern.
Heavy metals are metallic element that have relatively high density usually greater than 5 g/cm3, or their density is greater than the density of water.
Bioremediation of heavy metals using Fe(III),SULPHATE AND SULPHUR reducing ba...KAVYA K N
Bioremediation of heavy metals with the help of Fe(III),Sulfate AND Sulfur reducing bacteria bacteria,environmental clean up process using geobacter and desulfuromonas species.
Biosorption Tool for enviromental cleaning by microorganismsIke Nwiyi
Biosorption is one of the main components of environmental and bioresource technology. Microbes have been widely used in the process of environmental clean-up and are known as bioremediators
Phytoextraction, also called phytoaccumulation, phytoabsorption, or phytosequestration, refers to the use of plants to absorb, translocate, and store toxic contaminants from soil, sediments, and/or sludge in the root and shoot tissues .
Lead is an extremely difficult soil contaminant to remediate because it is a “soft” Lewis acid that forms strong bonds to both organic and inorganic ligands in soil. For the most part, Pb-contaminated soils are remediated through civil engineering techniques that require the excavation and landfilling of the contaminated soil. Soils that present a leaching hazard in the landfill are either placed in a specially constructed hazardous waste landfill, or treated with stabilizing agents, such as cement, prior to disposal in an industrial landfill.
A report for my Environmental Management for Food Industries Class
This discussed the significance of trace and heavy metals present in wastewater and also the methods that can be used to lessen and remove them.
Vegetables are grown all over the world for human needs and proper supply nutritional supplement. Recently due to various anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrialization and agricultural activities like application of pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers, heavy metals are released in to the atmosphere, soil and water. These released heavy metals enter into the plant system through various physiological processes and it affects the plant growth and development. The concentration of heavy metals in the environment varies due to various activities and it becomes toxic when it reaches above the permissible limits. Accumulation of heavy metals occurs only when the vegetable crops are exposed to heavy metal contaminated environment, thus it enters into the food chain. When these heavy metals contaminated vegetables are consumed by human beings it causes various severe health ailments. In order to reduce the heavy metal toxicity, proper remediation steps have to be carried out in soil and irrigation water. Before consumption of any vegetables washing has to be done to reduce the adhered heavy metal particulates and through these simple steps we can remove the heavy metal adhered on the vegetable surface.
Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions by Eclipta Alba Leaf Powder from Aqueous Solu...ijtsrd
The removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater is of great concern as heavy metals are non-biodegradable, toxic elements that cause serious health problems if disposed of in the surrounding environment. The present study, Karisalangkani (Eclipta Alba) leaves were used for the adsorption of heavy metals like copper (Cu (II)) ions. The bio sorbent was characterized using SEM and BET analysis. The bio sorption experiments are conducted through batch system. The operating parameters studied were initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, contact time and effect of temperature Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 30 min and the adsorption kinetics of Cu (II) is found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data for Cu (II) adsorption are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu (II) ions is estimated to be 9.2 mgg at 25 °C. The experimental result shows that the materials have good potential to remove heavy metals from effluent and good potential as an alternate low cost adsorbent. Due to their outstanding adsorption capacities, Eclipta Alba is excellent sorbents for the removal of copper (II) ions. B. Kavitha | R. Arunadevi"Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions by Eclipta Alba Leaf Powder from Aqueous Solutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17156.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/environmental-chemistry/17156/biosorption-of-copper-ii-ions-by-eclipta-alba-leaf-powder-from-aqueous-solutions/b-kavitha
Heavy metals and its effects on plants and environmentHaider Ali Malik
Heavy metals are natural constituents of the earth’s crust , but indiscriminate human activities have drastically altered their geochemical cycles and biochemicals balance.
Any toxic metals may be called heavy metals.
Since heavy metals have a propensity to accumulate in selective body organs.
The average safety levels in food or water are often misleading high.
Heavy is any metal or metalloid of environmental concern.
Heavy metals are metallic element that have relatively high density usually greater than 5 g/cm3, or their density is greater than the density of water.
Bioremediation of heavy metals using Fe(III),SULPHATE AND SULPHUR reducing ba...KAVYA K N
Bioremediation of heavy metals with the help of Fe(III),Sulfate AND Sulfur reducing bacteria bacteria,environmental clean up process using geobacter and desulfuromonas species.
Biosorption Tool for enviromental cleaning by microorganismsIke Nwiyi
Biosorption is one of the main components of environmental and bioresource technology. Microbes have been widely used in the process of environmental clean-up and are known as bioremediators
Phytoextraction, also called phytoaccumulation, phytoabsorption, or phytosequestration, refers to the use of plants to absorb, translocate, and store toxic contaminants from soil, sediments, and/or sludge in the root and shoot tissues .
Lead is an extremely difficult soil contaminant to remediate because it is a “soft” Lewis acid that forms strong bonds to both organic and inorganic ligands in soil. For the most part, Pb-contaminated soils are remediated through civil engineering techniques that require the excavation and landfilling of the contaminated soil. Soils that present a leaching hazard in the landfill are either placed in a specially constructed hazardous waste landfill, or treated with stabilizing agents, such as cement, prior to disposal in an industrial landfill.
A report for my Environmental Management for Food Industries Class
This discussed the significance of trace and heavy metals present in wastewater and also the methods that can be used to lessen and remove them.
Vegetables are grown all over the world for human needs and proper supply nutritional supplement. Recently due to various anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrialization and agricultural activities like application of pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers, heavy metals are released in to the atmosphere, soil and water. These released heavy metals enter into the plant system through various physiological processes and it affects the plant growth and development. The concentration of heavy metals in the environment varies due to various activities and it becomes toxic when it reaches above the permissible limits. Accumulation of heavy metals occurs only when the vegetable crops are exposed to heavy metal contaminated environment, thus it enters into the food chain. When these heavy metals contaminated vegetables are consumed by human beings it causes various severe health ailments. In order to reduce the heavy metal toxicity, proper remediation steps have to be carried out in soil and irrigation water. Before consumption of any vegetables washing has to be done to reduce the adhered heavy metal particulates and through these simple steps we can remove the heavy metal adhered on the vegetable surface.
Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions by Eclipta Alba Leaf Powder from Aqueous Solu...ijtsrd
The removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater is of great concern as heavy metals are non-biodegradable, toxic elements that cause serious health problems if disposed of in the surrounding environment. The present study, Karisalangkani (Eclipta Alba) leaves were used for the adsorption of heavy metals like copper (Cu (II)) ions. The bio sorbent was characterized using SEM and BET analysis. The bio sorption experiments are conducted through batch system. The operating parameters studied were initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, contact time and effect of temperature Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 30 min and the adsorption kinetics of Cu (II) is found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data for Cu (II) adsorption are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu (II) ions is estimated to be 9.2 mgg at 25 °C. The experimental result shows that the materials have good potential to remove heavy metals from effluent and good potential as an alternate low cost adsorbent. Due to their outstanding adsorption capacities, Eclipta Alba is excellent sorbents for the removal of copper (II) ions. B. Kavitha | R. Arunadevi"Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions by Eclipta Alba Leaf Powder from Aqueous Solutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17156.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/environmental-chemistry/17156/biosorption-of-copper-ii-ions-by-eclipta-alba-leaf-powder-from-aqueous-solutions/b-kavitha
My keynote from the LIANZA conference in New Zealand, #SHOUT15.
This is a library marketing manifesto, focusing on how to be heard above the clamour of everyday life. How can libraries get engagement?
1. We will be community orientated
2. We will do what people need, but market what they want
3. We will cater for library novices and library experts
4. We will keep things simple
5. We will coordinate our marketing into campaigns
DOI 10.1002tqem.21536R E S E A R C H A R T I C L EExDustiBuckner14
DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21536
R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E
Experimental investigation of adsorption capacity of anthill
in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff Idowu Iyabo Olateju
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engi-
neering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola
University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Correspondence
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Department of Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineer-
ing, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.
5454, Nigeria.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In the present work, the adsorption capacity of anthill was investigated as a low-cost adsorbent
to remove the heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion (Pb2+), and zinc (II) ion (Zn2+) from an aqueous solu-
tion. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of the heavy metal ions were investigated under batch
process. For the study we examined the effect of the solution's pH and the initial cations con-
centrations on the adsorption process under a fixed contact time and temperature. The anthill
sample was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF),
and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. From the SEM analysis, structural change in the
adsorbent was a result of heavy metals adsorption. Based on the XRF analysis, the main compo-
sition of the anthill sample was silica (SiO2 ), alumina (Al2 O3 ), and zirconia (ZrO2 ). The change in
the peaks of the spectra before and after adsorption indicated that there was active participation
of surface functional groups during the adsorption process. The experimental data obtained were
analyzed using 2- and 3-parameter isotherm models. The isotherm data fitted very well to the 3-
parameter Radke–Prausnitz model. It was noted that Pb2+ and Zn2+ can be effectively removed
from aqueous solution using anthill as an adsorbent.
K E Y W O R D S
adsorption, anthill, characterization, equilibrium isotherm, heavy metal
1 I N T R O D U C T I O N
Indiscriminate disposal of wastewater containing heavy metals has
received considerable attention in recent years, primarily due to the
fact that their presence in waste stream can be readily adsorbed by
aquatic organisms and make them directly enter the human food chain,
thus posing a serious health risk to consumers (Lin, MacLean, & Zeng,
2000). Because of the ability of heavy metals to accumulate in living
tissues and because they cause damage to these tissues over time,
heavy metals are classified as carcinogens. For example, exposure to
lead ions can cause anemia, kidney damage, and even untimely death
(Mohammed-Ridha, Ahmed, & Raoof, 2017), while zinc ions at elevated
concentration result in pancreas damage, osteoporosis, and even death
(Wahi, Ngaini, & Jok, 2009). Water or wastewater containing heavy
metals requires effective treatment techniques that can completely
remove these toxic metals (Yusuff, 2017).
A number of treatment techniques for the removal of heavy
me ...
Adsorption kinetics of Copper, Lead and Zinc by Cow Dung, Poultry Manure and ...AJSERJournal
This study highlights the effect of cow dung, cocoa pod and poultry manure in the removal of heavy
metals from solution and their applicability to Langmuir and Freundlich models was studied in the Soil Science
Laboratory of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike in Abia State, Ngeria. The amendments used in the
study were locally sourced, sundried, ground and sieved with 2mm sieve. The salts of the three heavy metals were
separately used to prepare heavy metal solutions of 100 mg/L. Batch study was carried out at room temperature on a
mechanical shaker using 120 ml plastic bottles at different time intervals of 15, 30 and 60minutes. After shaking, the
amendments and heavy metal solutions were separated using whatman No 1 filter paper, stored in the refrigerator and
analyzed for heavy metals concentration. The amount of heavy metals adsorbed was calculated. The results revealed
that high adsorption occur at low equilibrium concentrations in all the amendments with decreasing levels of
adsorption with increasing equilibrium with cow dung and cocoa pod having higher adsorption capacity than poultry
manure. Coefficient of determination (R2) showed that the experimental data fit in to both Langmuir and Freundlich
models. For reduced heavy metal uptake by plants and subsequent contamination of the food chain, cow dung, cocoa
pod and poultry manure should be used as amendments in heavy metal contaminated soils
Adsorption kinetics of Copper, Lead and Zinc by Cow Dung, Poultry Manure and ...AJSERJournal
This study highlights the effect of cow dung, cocoa pod and poultry manure in the removal of heavy
metals from solution and their applicability to Langmuir and Freundlich models was studied in the Soil Science
Laboratory of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike in Abia State, Ngeria. The amendments used in the
study were locally sourced, sundried, ground and sieved with 2mm sieve. The salts of the three heavy metals were
separately used to prepare heavy metal solutions of 100 mg/L. Batch study was carried out at room temperature on a
mechanical shaker using 120 ml plastic bottles at different time intervals of 15, 30 and 60minutes. After shaking, the
amendments and heavy metal solutions were separated using whatman No 1 filter paper, stored in the refrigerator and
analyzed for heavy metals concentration. The amount of heavy metals adsorbed was calculated. The results revealed
that high adsorption occur at low equilibrium concentrations in all the amendments with decreasing levels of
adsorption with increasing equilibrium with cow dung and cocoa pod having higher adsorption capacity than poultry
manure. Coefficient of determination (R2) showed that the experimental data fit in to both Langmuir and Freundlich
models. For reduced heavy metal uptake by plants and subsequent contamination of the food chain, cow dung, cocoa
pod and poultry manure should be used as amendments in heavy metal contaminated soils
Removal of Lead Ion Using Maize Cob as a BioadsorbentIJERA Editor
The intensification of industrial activity and environmental stress greatly contributes to the significant rise of
heavy metal pollution in water resources making threats on terrestrial and aquatic life. The toxicity of metal
pollution is slow and interminable, as these metal ions are non bio-degradable. The most appropriate solution for
controlling the biogeochemistry of metal contaminants is sorption technique, to produce high quality treated
effluents from polluted wastewater. Maize cob readily available was used as sorbent for the removal of lead ions
from aqueous media. Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments as a function of process
parameters such as sorption 500ppm,2.5g, 400minutes, 400 rpm and 5 PH. Concentration, Dosage, time, rpm,
and pH. I have found that the optimized parameters are Freundlich model fits best with the experimental
equilibrium data among the three tested adsorption isotherm models. The kinetic data correlated well with the
Lagergren first order kinetic model for the adsorption studies of lead using maize cob. It was concluded that
adsorbent prepared from maize cob as to be a favorable adsorbent and easily available to remove the heavy
metal lead (II) is 95 % and can be used for the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
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Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
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Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, a novel copper oxide coated kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The materials used for this study were synthesized, characterised and the product tested for mercury ion removal using standard laboratory procedures. Reactivity and removal kinetic models derived from Freundlich isotherm were used to investigate contact time and pH effects on the coefficient of protonation and rate of mass transfer of Hg(II) ions to the reactive sites, Proton coefficient of 0.89 indicated a decrease in proton consumption function when compared with uncoated kaolinite. At the 12th h reaction time, a maximum adsorption capacity of 85% was achieved. Mass transfer rates of 0.9359h-1 and 0.0748h-1 for the first and second reaction phases indicated a reduction when compared with uncoated kaolinite. These changes may be ascribed to masking of reaction sites and exposed surface area of the Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Onto Activated Ca...IJERA Editor
This paper studied the ability of using local activated carbon (LAC) derived from olive waste cakes as an
adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by batch operation. Various operating parameters
such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ions concentration, and equilibrium contact time have been
studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of Cu(II) increased with the increasing pH, and the optimum
solution pH for the adsorption of Cu(II) was found to be 5. The adsorption process increases with increasing
dosage of LAC, also the amount of Cu(II) removed changes with Cu(II) initial concentration and contact time.
Adsorption was rapid and occurred within 25 min. for Cu(II) concentration range from 60 to 120 mg/l
isothermally at 30±1 oC. Maximum adsorption occurs at Cu(II) initial concentration lesser than 100 mg/l by
using adsorbent dosage (1.2 g/l). The equilibrium adsorption data for Cu(II) were fitted well with the Langmuir
and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of LAC was found to be 106.383
mg/g. So, the results indicated the suitability use of the activated carbon derived from olive waste cakes (LAC)
as low cost and natural material for reliable removal of Cu(II) from water and wastewater effluents.
Similar to 11.biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using water hyacinth as a low cost biosorbent (20)
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
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11.biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using water hyacinth as a low cost biosorbent
1. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions Using
Water Hyacinth as a Low Cost Biosorbent
Achanai Buasri1,2* Nattawut Chaiyut1,2 Kessarin Tapang1 Supparoek Jaroensin1 Sutheera Panphrom1
1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial
Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
2. National Center of Excellence for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials,
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
* E-mail of the corresponding author: achanai130@gmail.com
Abstract
In this study, biosorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by water hyacinth fiber was
investigated as a function of initial solution concentration, initial biomass concentration and temperature.
Solutions containing copper and zinc ions were prepared synthetically in single component and the time
required for attaining adsorption equilibrium was studied. The optimum sorption conditions were studied
for each metal separately. The adsorption equilibrium data were adequately characterized by Langmuir,
Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations. The equilibrium biosorption isotherms showed
that water hyacinth possess high affinity and sorption capacity for Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, with sorption
capacities of 99.42 mg Cu2+ and 83.01 mg Zn2+ per 1 g biomass, respectively. All results showed that water
hyacinth fiber is an alternative low cost biosorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media.
Keywords: biosorption, low cost biosorbent, wastewater treatment, heavy metal
1. Introduction
Many industrial processes, such as mining, metal pigment, refining ores, fertilizer industries, tanneries,
batteries manufacturing, paper industries and pesticides, result in the release of heavy metals to aquatic
ecosystems. Heavy metals are toxic pollutants, which can accumulate in living tissues causing various
diseases and disorders. The major toxic metal ions hazardous to humans as well as other forms of life are Cr,
Fe, Se, V, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Zn etc. Removal of toxic contaminants from wastewaters is one of
the most important environmental issues. Since all heavy metals are non-biodegradable, they must be
removed from the polluted streams for the environmental quality standards to be met (Witek-Krowiak et al.
2011). Several methods have been employed to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater, which include
chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation/reduction, flotation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange,
membrane-related process, ultra filtration, electrochemical technique and biological process (Dursun 2006;
Satapathy & Natarajan 2006; Vijayaraghavan et al. 2007; Wang et al. 2006; Deng et al. 2007; Hanif et al.
2007; Preetha & Viruthagiri 2007). Adsorption is the most attractive method due to its simplicity,
convenience and high removal efficiency. In common sorption processes, activated carbon and synthetic
resins are usually used to gain high removal efficiency. However, due to their high production cost, water
decontamination by using these two sorbents is rather expensive (Southichak et al. 2006; Choi & Jang 2008;
Francesca et al. 2008; Zheng et al. 2009).
Since 1990’s the adsorption of heavy metal ions by low cost renewable organic materials has gained
momentum (Vieira & Volesky, 2000; Rao & Parwate 2002). The utilization of seaweeds, moulds, yeasts,
and other dead microbial biomass and agricultural waste materials for removal of heavy metals has been
explored (Sudha & Abraham 2003). Agricultural materials particularly those containing cellulose shows
potential metal biosorption capacity. The basic components of the agricultural waste materials biomass
include hemicellulose, lignin, extractives, lipids, proteins, simple sugars, water hydrocarbons, starch
17
2. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
containing variety of functional groups that facilitates metal complexation which helps for the sequestering
of heavy metals (Hashem et al. 2005; Hashem et al. 2007). Agricultural waste materials being economic
and ecofriendly due to their unique chemical composition, availability in abundance, renewable, low in cost
and more efficient are seem to be viable option for heavy metal remediation (Sud et al. 2008).
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a noxious weed that has attracted worldwide attention due to its
fast spread and congested growth, which lead to serious problems in navigation, irrigation, and power
generation. On the other hand, when looked from a resource angle, it appears to be a valuable resource with
several unique properties. As a result, research activity concerning control (especially biological control)
and utilization (especially wastewater treatment or phytoremediation) of water hyacinth has boomed up in
the last few decades (Malik 2007). The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of water
hyacinth for absorbing copper (II) and zinc (II) from aqueous solution. Also the influence of various
parameters such as initial solution concentration, initial biomass concentration and temperature on
biosorption potential of agricultural waste material was studied in detail.
2. Experimental
2.1 Biosorbent Preparation
Reaction of cellulose with phosphoric acid was performed according to the method described in the
previous research (Suflet et al. 2006). In a 500 mL, three-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a
condenser, a thermometer, and a stirrer, 224 g urea was added, heated at 140 oC and flushed with nitrogen.
30 g water hyacinth and 168 mL phosphorous acid were added alternatively portionwise to the molten urea
in order to reduce the foaming. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 150 oC for 2 h. The fiber was
washed with distilled water and acetone. A sample of fiber was treated with 0.5 M hydrochloric acid for 24
h under slow stirring. The modified cellulose was washed several times with deionized water to remove
excess acid from biosorbent. It was dried for 24 h at 60 oC in an oven before starting the experiments.
2.2 Metal Solution Preparation
All chemicals used were analytical grade reagents (Merck, >99 %purity). Stock solutions of metals were
prepared in a concentration of 2,000 ppm using nitrate salts dissolved in deionized water with a resistivity
value of 17 MΩ. The chemicals used in the batch experiments were nitrate solutions of Cu(NO3)2 and
Zn(NO3)2.
2.3 Isotherm Experiments
Batch mode adsorption isotherm was carried out at 30-70 oC. Amount of 1.0-5.0 g modified cellulose were
introduced into conical flasks with 100 mL of heavy metal solution. The flasks were placed in a
thermostatic shaker and agitated for 150 min at a fixed agitation speed of 700 rpm. Samples were taken
periodically for measurement of aqueous phase of heavy metal concentrations. Adsorption isotherms were
performed for initial heavy metal concentrations of 250-1,250 ppm. The Cu (II) and Zn (II) concentration
of the samples were determined by using a Varian Liberty 220 inductive coupled plasma emission
spectrometer (ICP-ES).
The amount of adsorbed Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions (mg metal ions/g biomass) were calculated from the decrease
in the concentration of metal ions in the medium by considering the adsorption volume and used amount of
the biosorbent:
(C − C ) V
e
q=
i
(1)
e
m
18
3. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
where qe is the amount of metal ions adsorbed into unit mass of the biosorbent (mg/g) at equilibrium, Ci and
Ce are the initial and final (equilibrium) concentrations of the metal ions in the solution (ppm), V is the
volume of metal solution (L) and m is the amount of biosorbent used (g).
2.4 Adsorption Isotherm Models
Batch Adsorption isotherms for copper and zinc ions removal by water hyacinth in terms of Langmuir,
Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were expressed mathematically. The obtained
experimental data here are expectedly well fitted with the linearized form of four two-parameter isotherm
models.
The Langmuir model assumes a monolayer adsorption of solutes onto a surface comprised of a finite
number of identical sites with homogeneous adsorption energy. This model (Langmuir 1916; Langmuir
1918) is expressed as follows:
q = K aC L L e
(2)
e
1 +a C L e
where KL and aL are the Langmuir constants related to the adsorption capacity (mg/g) and energy of
adsorption (L/mg), respectively. The theoretical maximum monolayer adsorption capacity, qm (mg/g), is
given by KL/aL.
The Freundlich isotherm is an empirical expression that takes into account the heterogeneity of the surface
and multilayer adsorption to the binding sites located on the surface of the sorbent. The Freundlich model
(Freundlich 1906) is expressed as follows:
=
1/ n
q e K C F e
(3)
where KF and n are indicative isotherm parameters of adsorption capacity (mg/g) and intensity, respectively.
Temkin isotherm assumes that decrease in the heat of adsorption is linear and the adsorption is
characterized by a uniform distribution of binding energies. Temkin isotherm (Temkin & Pyzhev 1940) is
expressed by the following equation:
=
RT
q ln (K C ) e
(4)
e
b Te
where KTe is equilibrium binding constant (L/g), b is related to heat of adsorption (J/mol), R is the gas
constant (8.314 x 10-3 kJ/K mol) and T is the absolute temperature (K).
Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm is applied to find out the adsorption mechanism based on the potential
theory assuming heterogeneous surface (Dabrowski 2001). Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm (Dubinin &
Radushkevich 1947; Dubinin 1960; Kalavathy & Miranda 2010) is expressed as follows:
= q exp (− Kε ) (5)
2
q e m
where qm is the maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g), K is a constant related to the mean free energy of
adsorption and ε is the Polanyi potential.
3. Results and Discussion
Biosorption of heavy metal ions onto the surface of a biological material is affected by several factors, such
as initial solution concentration, initial biomass concentration and temperature.
19
4. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
3.1 Effect of Initial Solution Concentration
Figure 1 illustrates the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions by water hyacinth as a function of initial metal
ion concentration. This increase continues up to 1,000 for Cu2+ and 750 ppm for zn2+ and beyond this value,
there is not a significant change at the amount of adsorbed metal ions. This plateau represents saturation of
the active sites available on the biosorbent samples for interaction with metal ions. It can be concluded that
the amount of metal ions adsorbed into unit mass of the water hyacinth at equilibrium (the adsorption
capacity) rapidly increases at the low initial metal ions concentration and then it begins to a slight increase
with increasing metal concentration in aqueous solutions in the length between 1,000 and 1,250 ppm for
copper, but 750 and 1,250 ppm for zinc. These results indicate that energetically less favorable sites become
involved with increasing metal concentrations in the aqueous solution. The metal uptake can be attributed
to different mechanisms of ion exchange and adsorption processes as it was concerned in much previous
work (Bektas & Kara 2004; Buasri et al. 2007).
3.2 Effect of Initial Biomass Concentration
Experiments conducted with different initial biomass concentrations show that the metal ions uptakes
increase with the biosorbent concentration (Figure 2). The number of sites available for biosorption
depends upon the amount of the biosorbent. The metal ions uptake was found to increase linearly with the
increasing concentration of the biosorbent up to the biomass concentration of 2 and 3 g/100 mL for Cu(II)
and Zn(II), respectively. Beyond this dosage, the increase in removal efficiency was lower. Increasing the
biosorbent dosage caused a wise in the biomass surface area and in the number of potential binding sites
(Witek-Krowiak et al. 2011).
3.3 Effect of Temperature
From Figure 3, the amounts of adsorbed copper and zinc ions onto the water hyacinth increase with an
increase in the temperature of heavy metal solution. The maximum adsorption capacities was calculated as
87.69 mg Cu2+ and 75.53 mg Zn2+ per 1 g biomass for initial concentration of 500 ppm at 70 oC, showed
that this biosorbent was suitable for heavy metals removal from aqueous media. Concerning the effect of
temperature on the adsorption process, the metals uptake is favored at higher temperatures, since a higher
temperature activates the metal ions for enhancing adsorption at the coordinating sites of the minerals. Also,
it is mentioned that cations move faster with increasing temperature. Likely explanation for this is that
retarding specific or electrostatic, interactions become weaker and the ions become smaller, because
solvation is reduced (Babel & Kurniawan 2003; Inglezakis et al. 2004).
3.4 Effect of Initial Biomass Concentration
In addition to the experimental data, the linearized forms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and
Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms using Eqs. (2), (3), (4) and (5), are compared. The relationship between
the adsorbed and the aqueous concentrations at equilibrium has been described by four two-parameter
isotherm models. The isotherm constants and corresponding correlation coefficients for the adsorption of
Cu(II) and Zn (II) are presented in Table 1. The correlation coefficients demonstrate that Langmuir,
Freundlich and Temkin models adequately fitted the data for Cu adsorption. However, the coefficient of
determination (R2) values are higher in the Langmuir model for copper and Freundlich model for zinc
adsorption when compared to other models. The Temkin isotherm shows a higher correlation coefficient for
both metal (R2 = 0.9886 for Cu2+ and R2 = 0.9870 for Zn2+, which may be due to the linear dependence of
heat of adsorption at low or medium coverages. This linearity may be due to repulsion between adsorbate
species or to intrinsic surface heterogeneity (Kalavathy & Miranda 2010; Caliskan et al. 2011). The
experimental data for both heavy metal ions fit well with the linearized Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and
20
5. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. R2 values ranged from 0.8397 to 0.9933 and 0.8041 to 0.9948 for
adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+, respectively. These results indicated that the equilibrium adsorption data of
copper and zinc conformed reasonably well to the four two-parameter isotherm models equations.
4. Conclusion
Water hyacinth is an environmentally friendly potential biosorbent for heavy metals. This work examined
the efficiency of this sorbent in removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous environment. The results
indicated that several factors such as initial solution concentration, initial biomass concentration and
temperature affect the biosorption process. The physico-chemical characteristics of wastewaters from
varying sources can be much more complex compared to the aqueous metal solution used in this study.
Because of this, the effects of other components of wastewaters on commercial metal adsorption process
should be determined. However, this work can be considered a preliminary study to conclude that water
hyacinth is suitable and efficient material for the adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution. The
experimental results were a good fit with the adsorption isotherm models.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge sincerely the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Faculty
of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University (SU) and National Center of Excellence for
Petroleum, Petrochemicals, and Advanced Materials (PPAM), Chulalongkorn University (CU) for
supporting and encouraging this investigation.
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7. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
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Vol 2, No.2, 2012
840-844.
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solutions onto peanut shell as a low-cost biosorbent”, Desalination 265, 126-134.
Zheng, J.C., Feng, H.M., Lam, M.H., Lam, P.K., Ding, Y.W. & Yu, H.Q. (2009), “Removal of Cu(II) in
aqueous media by biosorption using water hyacinth roots as a biosorbent material”, Journal of Hazardous
Materials 171, 780-785.
Figure 1. Effect of initial solution concentration on the removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) by water hyacinth
(amount of biosorbent = 2.0 g, temperature = 30 oC and contact time = 150 min)
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8. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Figure 2. Effect of initial biomass concentration on the removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) by water hyacinth
(initial solution concentration = 500 ppm, temperature = 30 oC and contact time = 150 min)
Figure 3. Effect of temperature on the removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) by water hyacinth (initial solution
concentration = 500 ppm, amount of biosorbent = 2.0 g and contact time = 150 min)
Table 1. Isotherm constants for the biosorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on water hyacinth
Isotherm constants Copper Zinc
Langmuir model
KL (mg/g) 11.5372 17.6710
aL (L/mg) 0.2168 0.1432
2
R 0.9933 0.9559
Freundlich model
KF (mg/g) 2.9154 3.7740
n 2.7198 2.2530
R2 0.9801 0.9948
Temkin model
KTe (L/g) 2.8016 6.3063
b 1.1200 0.7220
2
R 0.9886 0.9870
Dubinin-Radushkevich model
qm (mg/g) 8.5975 11.4866
K 0.9429 0.4602
2
R 0.8397 0.8041
24
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