Presentation by Prof. Yuichi Ono, Tohoku University, Japan.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
A massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Japan in March 2011, triggering a devastating tsunami. The tsunami caused widespread damage and over 22,000 deaths. It also led to meltdowns at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, releasing radioactive materials. The Japanese government is working to improve tsunami preparedness through early warning systems and more resilient infrastructure, while citizens utilize past experience to seek higher ground when warnings occur. Recovery efforts continue over a decade later.
- Wayne Greene gave a presentation on emergency preparedness lessons from the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan.
- Japan's emergency response was well organized, but local governments were overwhelmed by the scale of the disaster.
- The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster highlighted issues with Japan's nuclear regulatory system and TEPCO's preparedness.
- A parliamentary panel later found systemic problems in government and industry culture that hindered the initial response.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Nuclear disaster threat looms over JAPAN 2011 march-14Nubia **
- A massive 8.9 magnitude earthquake and tsunami struck northern Japan on March 11, 2011, causing widespread damage and killing thousands.
- At the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, explosions at reactors caused radiation leaks, forcing the evacuation of 185,000 people from a 20km exclusion zone.
- Rescue efforts were underway across devastated coastal areas to search for survivors and deliver aid, but challenges remained from lack of basic infrastructure and the nuclear crisis.
This document summarizes the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It provides background on the earthquake that caused the tsunami, the countries affected, and the huge loss of life and economic impacts. It discusses the lack of early warning systems and disaster preparedness. It outlines the response efforts by governments and relief organizations. It also describes the establishment of the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System in 2007 to help detect future tsunamis and provide warnings. The document stresses the importance of public education, regional cooperation, and building more resilient infrastructure.
The National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project aims to create infrastructure to mitigate the effects of cyclones in coastal Indian states. It will construct 50 new multipurpose cyclone shelters and approach roads in Orissa. The shelters will be able to withstand winds up to 300 km/hr and earthquakes. An environmental management plan will be implemented to minimize impacts during construction. The shelters will double as schools, community centers, and health clinics to benefit communities year-round. The project funding is 75% central government and 25% state government. It aims to save lives and provide services during disasters while creating social and economic benefits for coastal communities.
1) Nepal faces many natural disasters and has developed policies and legal frameworks for disaster risk management. However, the existing legal framework only focuses on emergency response and relief.
2) The document proposes revising Nepal's disaster management system based on international guidelines like the Hyogo Framework for Action. This includes establishing new committees and authorities at central and local levels to coordinate prevention, preparedness, response and recovery efforts.
3) Current and proposed policies address disaster relief funding, rebuilding efforts, preparedness activities, and integrating disaster management into development planning. The goal is an effective and participatory system that protects vulnerable people from disaster impacts.
This article explores an overview of current attitudes towards the slum and housing crisis where refugees in Hong Kong are confronted without specific options and proposes a constructive alternative through housing programme while the permanent resolution is identified.
A massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Japan in March 2011, triggering a devastating tsunami. The tsunami caused widespread damage and over 22,000 deaths. It also led to meltdowns at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, releasing radioactive materials. The Japanese government is working to improve tsunami preparedness through early warning systems and more resilient infrastructure, while citizens utilize past experience to seek higher ground when warnings occur. Recovery efforts continue over a decade later.
- Wayne Greene gave a presentation on emergency preparedness lessons from the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan.
- Japan's emergency response was well organized, but local governments were overwhelmed by the scale of the disaster.
- The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster highlighted issues with Japan's nuclear regulatory system and TEPCO's preparedness.
- A parliamentary panel later found systemic problems in government and industry culture that hindered the initial response.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Nuclear disaster threat looms over JAPAN 2011 march-14Nubia **
- A massive 8.9 magnitude earthquake and tsunami struck northern Japan on March 11, 2011, causing widespread damage and killing thousands.
- At the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, explosions at reactors caused radiation leaks, forcing the evacuation of 185,000 people from a 20km exclusion zone.
- Rescue efforts were underway across devastated coastal areas to search for survivors and deliver aid, but challenges remained from lack of basic infrastructure and the nuclear crisis.
This document summarizes the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It provides background on the earthquake that caused the tsunami, the countries affected, and the huge loss of life and economic impacts. It discusses the lack of early warning systems and disaster preparedness. It outlines the response efforts by governments and relief organizations. It also describes the establishment of the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System in 2007 to help detect future tsunamis and provide warnings. The document stresses the importance of public education, regional cooperation, and building more resilient infrastructure.
The National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project aims to create infrastructure to mitigate the effects of cyclones in coastal Indian states. It will construct 50 new multipurpose cyclone shelters and approach roads in Orissa. The shelters will be able to withstand winds up to 300 km/hr and earthquakes. An environmental management plan will be implemented to minimize impacts during construction. The shelters will double as schools, community centers, and health clinics to benefit communities year-round. The project funding is 75% central government and 25% state government. It aims to save lives and provide services during disasters while creating social and economic benefits for coastal communities.
1) Nepal faces many natural disasters and has developed policies and legal frameworks for disaster risk management. However, the existing legal framework only focuses on emergency response and relief.
2) The document proposes revising Nepal's disaster management system based on international guidelines like the Hyogo Framework for Action. This includes establishing new committees and authorities at central and local levels to coordinate prevention, preparedness, response and recovery efforts.
3) Current and proposed policies address disaster relief funding, rebuilding efforts, preparedness activities, and integrating disaster management into development planning. The goal is an effective and participatory system that protects vulnerable people from disaster impacts.
This article explores an overview of current attitudes towards the slum and housing crisis where refugees in Hong Kong are confronted without specific options and proposes a constructive alternative through housing programme while the permanent resolution is identified.
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Maaike van Tuyll, Ministry of Security and Justice, the Netherlands.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Dr. Edward Deverell, Crismart, Swedish National Defence College.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
Presentation by Nicolas Mueller at 5th Workshop on Strategic Crisis Managemen...OECD Governance
Presentation by Nicolas Mueller,Swiss Federal Chancellery, at 5th Workshop on Strategic Crisis Management - OECD. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/risk/5th-workshop-strategic-crisis-management.htm
Communicating emerging threats and potential crises to leadersOECD Governance
This document discusses communicating emerging threats and crises to leaders. It lists ongoing crises like migration, ISIS, terrorism in Paris, Syria, resurgent Russia, and financial crisis. It discusses the challenges of sensemaking during crises due to organizational and political contexts. It introduces the "Cynefin" framework for decision making with different approaches for simple, complicated, complex and chaotic problems. It advocates for foresight as a disciplined process of monitoring and analyzing potential events rather than prediction. It argues that threats are becoming more complex due to interactions between systems and issues cannot be solved piece-by-piece. It promotes establishing an independent horizon scanning system integrated into the system to detect trends, ask unasked questions and a
Global Risks, Trends and Water Implications for Climate ChangeOECD Governance
This document discusses the implications of climate change for water security and related risks on a global scale. It notes that climate change is causing water scarcity issues to intensify in many regions, affecting development, security, and economic stability. Examples are provided of drought events in Russia, Syria, East Africa that had cascading social and political impacts. The bottom line is that climate change effects on water resources are complex and non-linear, with potential to trigger unintended consequences, so multi-stakeholder cooperation will be needed to develop strategies to better manage risks and work towards more positive outcomes.
Presentation by Kelvin Berryman at 5th Workshop on Strategic Crisis Managemen...OECD Governance
The document summarizes GNS Science's experience communicating science during the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence crisis in New Zealand from 2010 to present. It describes the sequence of damaging earthquakes, their impacts, and GNS Science's science communication activities. It discusses what worked well in the communication efforts, including cross-organization engagement and rapid sharing of high quality information. It also examines difficulties like being underprepared for the scale of the event and technical advice not being strongly integrated into the official response process. The document outlines plans to improve future crisis communication, such as developing engagement protocols and exercises in advance.
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Prof. Ove Njå, Stavanger University, Norway.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement...OECD Governance
The document discusses lessons that can be learned from crises and research in risk management. It analyzes two case studies: the 2002 acrylamide scare in Sweden and the 1990s BSE crisis in the UK. In both cases, short-term responses involved denial while long-term changes included overhauling leadership and prioritizing transparency and communication. Recommendations are to prevent crises by understanding risk perceptions, training communicators, and enhancing transparency through independent evaluations.
Presentation by Prof. Ragnar E. Lofstedt, Kings College, United Kingdom.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement...OECD Governance
Presentation by Sedef Kurt, AFAD, Prime Ministry, Turkey.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Prof. Martin, Lodge, London School of Economics, United Kingdom
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Per Brekke, Deputy Director General, DSB, Norway.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
The Deeping Crisis of Governance and the Refugee ChallengeOECD Governance
The document discusses the deepening crisis of governance around the world and its connection to the global refugee challenge. It argues that most states are only weakly governed and unable to meet citizens' needs or maintain stability. This crisis of governance is exacerbated by long-term megatrends like the decline of states and increasing gaps between states and societies. As a result, loyalties are transferring away from states and alternative governance is rising. The refugee crisis in Europe and elsewhere is a consequence of populations moving from areas of failed governance. The refugee crisis itself poses a "wicked problem" with no clear solution due to its complexity and interconnected nature with other challenges.
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Tor Saglie, Secretary General, Ministry of Justice and Public Security, Norway.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 41, No.6, Jun 2012, pp.12-20 Review Article
Crisis Management of Tohoku; Japan Earthquake and Tsunami,
11 March 2011
*M Zaré 1, S Ghaychi Afrouz 2
1. International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran
2. Mining Engineering, School of Mining Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
(Received 12 Dec 2011; accepted 22 Apr 2012)
Introduction
The magnitude 9.0 Japan’s Tohoku Earthquake
occurred at 14:46 local time on Friday, 11 March
2011, 125 km east coast of Honshu and 380 km
far from Tokyo and rattled the large parts of Ja-
pan and some part of east China and Russia with
30 km depth of the hypocenter (1). This earth-
quake that lasted approximately 3 minutes (170
seconds) caused a 130 km long by 159 km wide
rupture zone on the pacific plate subduction zone
and followed by a huge tsunami with more than
40 meter waves. The destructive aftermaths of this
incident made an irreparable disaster not only for
the Japan, but also for the whole world because
except for the enormous death toll and debris, the
damages of nuclear power plants were a hazard-
ous unexpected tragedy.
Casualties and damages
According to the report of the Japanese National
Police Agency, 15854 dead, 3167 missing and
26992 injured across twenty prefectures are the
result of this devastating earthquake and tsunami
which ruined more than 125000 buildings. Moreo-
ver, it caused long blackouts for more than 4.4
million buildings and left 1.5 million buildings out
of water for days (2), also large fires were triggered
one after another even for weeks after the main
quake. Explosion and demolition of the Fuku-
Abstract
The huge earthquake in 11 March 2012 which followed by a destructive tsunami in Japan was largest recorded
earthquake in the history. Japan is pioneer in disaster management, especially earthquakes. How this developed
country faced this disaster, which had significant worldwide effects? The humanitarian behavior of the Japanese
people amazingly wondered the word’s media, meanwhile the management of government and authorities
showed some deficiencies. The impact of the disaster is followed up after the event and the different impacts are
tried to be analyzed in different sectors. The situation one year after Japan 2011 earthquake and Tsunami is over-
viewed. The reason of Japanese plans failure was the scale of tsunami, having higher waves than what was as-
sumed, especially in the design of the Nuclear Power Plant. Japanese authorities considered economic benefits
more than safety and moral factors exacerbate the situation. Major lessons to be learnt are 1) the effectiveness of
disaster management should be restudied in all hazardous countries; 2) the importance of the high-Tech early-
warning systems in reducing risk; 3) Reconsi ...
The Realistic Evacuation Behavior from Tsunami and Fire in the Great East Jap...kazisumaiya
This slide is made on a research paper that was published in the Fire Safety Science in January 2014 after the Great Japan Earthquake. During this disaster, how people evacuated and why etc. are been analysed here on the basis of the statement of the respondents.
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Maaike van Tuyll, Ministry of Security and Justice, the Netherlands.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Dr. Edward Deverell, Crismart, Swedish National Defence College.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
Presentation by Nicolas Mueller at 5th Workshop on Strategic Crisis Managemen...OECD Governance
Presentation by Nicolas Mueller,Swiss Federal Chancellery, at 5th Workshop on Strategic Crisis Management - OECD. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/risk/5th-workshop-strategic-crisis-management.htm
Communicating emerging threats and potential crises to leadersOECD Governance
This document discusses communicating emerging threats and crises to leaders. It lists ongoing crises like migration, ISIS, terrorism in Paris, Syria, resurgent Russia, and financial crisis. It discusses the challenges of sensemaking during crises due to organizational and political contexts. It introduces the "Cynefin" framework for decision making with different approaches for simple, complicated, complex and chaotic problems. It advocates for foresight as a disciplined process of monitoring and analyzing potential events rather than prediction. It argues that threats are becoming more complex due to interactions between systems and issues cannot be solved piece-by-piece. It promotes establishing an independent horizon scanning system integrated into the system to detect trends, ask unasked questions and a
Global Risks, Trends and Water Implications for Climate ChangeOECD Governance
This document discusses the implications of climate change for water security and related risks on a global scale. It notes that climate change is causing water scarcity issues to intensify in many regions, affecting development, security, and economic stability. Examples are provided of drought events in Russia, Syria, East Africa that had cascading social and political impacts. The bottom line is that climate change effects on water resources are complex and non-linear, with potential to trigger unintended consequences, so multi-stakeholder cooperation will be needed to develop strategies to better manage risks and work towards more positive outcomes.
Presentation by Kelvin Berryman at 5th Workshop on Strategic Crisis Managemen...OECD Governance
The document summarizes GNS Science's experience communicating science during the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence crisis in New Zealand from 2010 to present. It describes the sequence of damaging earthquakes, their impacts, and GNS Science's science communication activities. It discusses what worked well in the communication efforts, including cross-organization engagement and rapid sharing of high quality information. It also examines difficulties like being underprepared for the scale of the event and technical advice not being strongly integrated into the official response process. The document outlines plans to improve future crisis communication, such as developing engagement protocols and exercises in advance.
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Prof. Ove Njå, Stavanger University, Norway.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement...OECD Governance
The document discusses lessons that can be learned from crises and research in risk management. It analyzes two case studies: the 2002 acrylamide scare in Sweden and the 1990s BSE crisis in the UK. In both cases, short-term responses involved denial while long-term changes included overhauling leadership and prioritizing transparency and communication. Recommendations are to prevent crises by understanding risk perceptions, training communicators, and enhancing transparency through independent evaluations.
Presentation by Prof. Ragnar E. Lofstedt, Kings College, United Kingdom.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement...OECD Governance
Presentation by Sedef Kurt, AFAD, Prime Ministry, Turkey.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Prof. Martin, Lodge, London School of Economics, United Kingdom
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Per Brekke, Deputy Director General, DSB, Norway.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
The Deeping Crisis of Governance and the Refugee ChallengeOECD Governance
The document discusses the deepening crisis of governance around the world and its connection to the global refugee challenge. It argues that most states are only weakly governed and unable to meet citizens' needs or maintain stability. This crisis of governance is exacerbated by long-term megatrends like the decline of states and increasing gaps between states and societies. As a result, loyalties are transferring away from states and alternative governance is rising. The refugee crisis in Europe and elsewhere is a consequence of populations moving from areas of failed governance. The refugee crisis itself poses a "wicked problem" with no clear solution due to its complexity and interconnected nature with other challenges.
OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement ...OECD Governance
Presentation by Tor Saglie, Secretary General, Ministry of Justice and Public Security, Norway.
The workshop on “Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management”, jointly organised with the governments of the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, was held in Oslo, Norway on 17-18 September 2014. More information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/risk/high-level-risk-forum-oslo-workshop-2014.htm
Iranian J Publ Health, Vol. 41, No.6, Jun 2012, pp.12-20 Review Article
Crisis Management of Tohoku; Japan Earthquake and Tsunami,
11 March 2011
*M Zaré 1, S Ghaychi Afrouz 2
1. International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran
2. Mining Engineering, School of Mining Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
(Received 12 Dec 2011; accepted 22 Apr 2012)
Introduction
The magnitude 9.0 Japan’s Tohoku Earthquake
occurred at 14:46 local time on Friday, 11 March
2011, 125 km east coast of Honshu and 380 km
far from Tokyo and rattled the large parts of Ja-
pan and some part of east China and Russia with
30 km depth of the hypocenter (1). This earth-
quake that lasted approximately 3 minutes (170
seconds) caused a 130 km long by 159 km wide
rupture zone on the pacific plate subduction zone
and followed by a huge tsunami with more than
40 meter waves. The destructive aftermaths of this
incident made an irreparable disaster not only for
the Japan, but also for the whole world because
except for the enormous death toll and debris, the
damages of nuclear power plants were a hazard-
ous unexpected tragedy.
Casualties and damages
According to the report of the Japanese National
Police Agency, 15854 dead, 3167 missing and
26992 injured across twenty prefectures are the
result of this devastating earthquake and tsunami
which ruined more than 125000 buildings. Moreo-
ver, it caused long blackouts for more than 4.4
million buildings and left 1.5 million buildings out
of water for days (2), also large fires were triggered
one after another even for weeks after the main
quake. Explosion and demolition of the Fuku-
Abstract
The huge earthquake in 11 March 2012 which followed by a destructive tsunami in Japan was largest recorded
earthquake in the history. Japan is pioneer in disaster management, especially earthquakes. How this developed
country faced this disaster, which had significant worldwide effects? The humanitarian behavior of the Japanese
people amazingly wondered the word’s media, meanwhile the management of government and authorities
showed some deficiencies. The impact of the disaster is followed up after the event and the different impacts are
tried to be analyzed in different sectors. The situation one year after Japan 2011 earthquake and Tsunami is over-
viewed. The reason of Japanese plans failure was the scale of tsunami, having higher waves than what was as-
sumed, especially in the design of the Nuclear Power Plant. Japanese authorities considered economic benefits
more than safety and moral factors exacerbate the situation. Major lessons to be learnt are 1) the effectiveness of
disaster management should be restudied in all hazardous countries; 2) the importance of the high-Tech early-
warning systems in reducing risk; 3) Reconsi ...
The Realistic Evacuation Behavior from Tsunami and Fire in the Great East Jap...kazisumaiya
This slide is made on a research paper that was published in the Fire Safety Science in January 2014 after the Great Japan Earthquake. During this disaster, how people evacuated and why etc. are been analysed here on the basis of the statement of the respondents.
Towards Implementation of Disaster Reduction Measures to Build Disaster Resi...Yasuhiro Kawasoe
Presentation by Dr. Satoru NISHIKAWA
Executive Director of Research, JCADR
Ex-Vice President, Japan Water Agency
Advisory Group to SRSG on the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
Global Agenda Council on Risk and Resilience, World Economic Forum
at 1st JICA ERAKV Project Seminar
This document provides information about earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan. It begins with an introduction to Japan's geography and location within the Pacific Ring of Fire. It then discusses Japan's history of earthquakes, including a major 9.0 magnitude earthquake in 2011 that caused over 15,000 deaths and US$235 billion in damages. The earthquake generated a large tsunami that flooded coastal areas. The short and long term impacts included widespread damage, deaths, injuries, power outages, and environmental effects. The response involved immediate search and rescue efforts, temporary shelters and hospitals, and rebuilding infrastructure over subsequent years through large public works projects.
3rd Presentation: Investment Based on Risk Assessment and Past Disaster Experiences
2nd Seminar, "Seismic Risk assessment for Kathmandu Valley" was held on 11th April, 2017, at Hotel Yak and Yeti (Durbarmarg, Kathmandu), for dissemination of results of Seismic Risk Assessment of 'The Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk Assessment for the Kathmandu Valley (JICA)'
Prof Akiko Yamanaka, the Special Advisor to the President of ERIA, participated as one of the co-chairs of Task-Force 4 (TF4): Economic Effects of Infrastructure Investment and its Financing, one of the ten Task Forces at the Think20 (T20), the research and policy advice network for the G20 Summit 2019 that was held on 26-27 May 2019 in Tokyo, Japan.
During the panel session of TF4, Prof Yamanaka proposed ways to develop high-quality infrastructure investments that takes various challenges into account, namely financial, climate, and urban planning challenges. Prof Yamanaka spoke about three issues regarding people and infrastructure, which can contribute to disaster mitigation, such as enabling laws, raising awareness, and developing infrastructure.
Document originally published here: https://t20japan.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/t20-japan-tf4-8-disaster-mitigation-social-resilience-humans-infrastructure.pdf
ISCRAM 2013: Lessons Learnt from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsu...ISCRAM Events
1) The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami was one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded at magnitude 9.0. It caused widespread damage including over 15,000 deaths from tsunami waves as high as 40 meters.
2) The earthquake damaged nuclear power plants in Fukushima and caused meltdowns. This revealed flaws in assuming that risks beyond design standards were improbable. It showed the importance of considering lower probability higher impact events and increasing infrastructure flexibility.
3) Early warning systems helped reduce losses from the earthquake and tsunami. The earthquake early warning was issued only 8 seconds after shaking was detected, allowing some trains to stop safely. Updated tsunami warnings were issued as data came in.
This document discusses natural disaster risks and provides examples of some of the largest earthquakes in the world. It summarizes key details about major earthquakes such as the magnitude, location, date, and impacts. These include the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that caused over 230,000 deaths in Indonesia, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan that resulted in over 15,000 fatalities, and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China that led to around 88,000 deaths. The document also outlines international frameworks for disaster risk reduction, including the Hyogo Framework and Sendai Framework, and principles of building resilience through approaches like ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction.
The document discusses disaster management in high-rise residential buildings. It explains that fires require fuel, heat, and oxygen to ignite and discusses strategies to control or isolate these elements to prevent combustion. The primary goal of fire safety is to protect occupants and prevent loss of life and property damage. Indian law mandates minimum fire safety equipment for developed properties as defined in the national building code, which standardizes design and construction requirements.
Satoru Nishikawa - Evidence informed policy making - 26 June 2017OECD Governance
Presentation by Satoru Nishikawa, Executive Director, Japan Center for Area Development Research (JCADR), at the event on Governing better through evidence-informed policy making, 26-27 June 2017. The event was organised by the OECD Directorate for Public Governance in cooperation with the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), the Campbell Collaboration and the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA). For further information please see http://www.oecd.org/gov/evidence-informed-policy-making.htm
The document provides information about tsunamis including their history, causes, characteristics, and impacts. Some key points:
- Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides under water. They can travel at high speeds across oceans and grow dramatically in size and power when reaching shallow coastal waters.
- A tsunami may first appear as a rapid pulling back of water from the shore, exposing parts of the seabed, before a huge wave comes crashing in. This retreat only lasts a few minutes before the full force of the tsunami hits.
- The 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan triggered a massive tsunami with waves over 40 meters high
The document discusses the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan. It began with a 6.9 magnitude earthquake on January 17, 1995 that caused widespread destruction. Over 6,000 people lost their lives and hundreds of thousands of buildings were damaged or destroyed. The earthquake was caused by movement on a fault line between tectonic plates under Kobe, where pressure had built up over 50 years. The Japanese response to the earthquake showed how infrastructure like roads, bridges and utilities could be repaired relatively quickly through coordinated recovery efforts.
Role of JMA issuing warning and role of broadcasters in wellness messagingABU_DRRGroup
1) JMA is responsible for issuing tsunami warnings and earthquake early warnings in Japan using a network of seismometers and tsunami monitoring stations.
2) Following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, JMA improved its warning system to provide earlier rough estimates of huge earthquakes and clearer warning messages to promote rapid evacuation.
3) In disasters like the 2011 earthquake, NHK and other broadcasters provided important wellness information like lists of evacuees on TV, radio, websites and mobile apps to help reconnect people.
Tsunami
Student’s Name
Course
Instructor
Date
A tsunami is a series of waves that are brought about by an earthquake in the sea or any other volcanic eruption. Tsunamis have happened since the creation of the world. Major Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes that happen after the collision of tectonic plates (Samuels). Some plates are too hard to be pushed when a collision occurs they release energy causing seismic waves. These sudden seismic waves lead to an earth shake. Tsunamis can be very dangerous to the dwellers of the seashore (Taylor). Tsunamis that have happened have been recorded to cause deaths and loss of property. For instance, the largest Tsunami to occur was in Sumatra in 2004 which had a magnitude of 9.1 and left over 230,000 people dead. The Tsunami that happened in 2011 in Japan was devastating and resulted in loss of many lives. Property of approximately 300billion dollars was damaged by the earthquake and tsunami. People drowned and most of them died. Many pictures were taken to keep a memory of what happened. This Tsunami was very large and impacted a lot to the Japanese government.
Many publications have been made about the historic 2011 earthquake, tsunami and subsequent nuclear accident that occurred in Japan. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.9. Authors and photographers have published many articles with photographs of the tragedy, commonly referred to as "3/11". The earthquake hit the Tohoku region of Japan (BBC news). It swept away the entire town, killed thousands of dwellers and triggered a nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Many damages were mostly along the coastline. The photo shows a wave that resulted from the tsunami earthquake as it approached Miyako City from the Heigawi estuary in Iwate Prefecture. The picture was taken on March 11, 2011, published in the Mainichi Shimbun. The photo shows the wave sweeping everything on the coastline including vehicles and houses. In the ocean, ships are seen as they are carried away, and others stack in the water. Some part of the city is submerged by the waters. The wave looks very strong and fast approaching, carrying and destroying everything on its way. This part was one of the most affected parts by the tragedy. Much of the town city was destroyed. The photo is just representation of how the deadly waves approached the cities in Japan destroying people and properties.
The earthquake in Tohoku 2011, struck the offshore of Japan beside a subduction zone where two tectonic plates were colliding. A subduction zone is where one plate slides below the other into the mantle which is the hotter layer below the crust. A recent study found out that, the Pacific plate which is in the east of Japan slides beneath the Eurasian plate (Samuels). On 11th March, 2011 an earthquake started at around 2.46pm on Friday local time. The earthquake was centered on the seafloor 72 kilometers in the East of Tohoku. It was felt in a depth of 24 kil ...
1. A massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004, triggering a devastating tsunami across the Indian Ocean.
2. The tsunami waves reached heights of over 30 meters in some areas of Indonesia and over 10 meters in many other places. Over 230,000 people were killed or went missing across 14 countries.
3. The tsunami caused widespread damage through high coastal inundation and strong currents. Entire towns were destroyed and critical infrastructure like roads, hospitals, and schools were severely damaged in the hardest hit areas of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.
1. A massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004, triggering a devastating tsunami across the Indian Ocean.
2. The tsunami waves reached heights of over 30 meters in some areas of Indonesia and over 10 meters in many other places. Over 230,000 people were killed or went missing across 14 countries.
3. Countries around the Indian Ocean have worked to establish tsunami early warning systems and increase public education to help save lives from future events, but the 2004 tsunami highlighted the massive destruction such an event can cause.
2011 tōhoku earthquake and tsunami rwc work 東日本大震災 higashi niK 38
K38 Japan and Mr. Hiroaki Kishi who began the program with his trusted colleagues worked in the aftermath of the Tohoku tsunami flood debris to help a community clear their waters to bring normalcy back to their lives.
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OECD Workshop: Learning from crises and fostering the continuous improvement of risk governance and management - Prof. Yoichi Ono
1. 1
Special focus on the lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Yuichi Ono
Assistant Director and Professor,
International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS)
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
2. Thank OECD countries for providing warm support to disaster victims and affected areas in Tohoku
3. Introduction It has been more than three and a half years since the 11 March 2001 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Focus: Review policies and changes
4. In 1896, 22,000 people were killed by tsunami in Tohoku (Death rate: 40%) In 2011, nearly 20,000 people were killed by tsunami in Tohoku (Death rate: 4%)
5. Significant decrease in the death rate: 40 to 4 % in 100 years Positive factors: - Increased capacity to cope with the disaster (both structural and non-structural measures) Negative factors: - Memory loss, more exposure to the risk with increased population - Dependency on modern technology
6. Changes in DRR related policy 〔Basic Acts〕 1. Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act (1961) 2. Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime Disaster (1970) 3. Act on Disaster Prevention in Petroleum Industrial Complexes and other Petroleum Facilities (1975) 4. Act on Special Measures for Large-scale Earthquakes (1978) 5. Act on Special Measures for Nuclear Disasters (1999) 6. Act on Special Measures for Promotion of Tonankai and Nankai Earthquake Disaster Management (2002) 7. Act on Special Measures for Promotion of Disaster Management for Trench- type Earthquakes in the Vicinity of the Japan and Chishima Trenches (2004) Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act was revised (June 2013)
7. 7
Capacity building for quickly responding to a large-scale disaster which affects large areas
Smooth and safe evacuation of the residents
An improvement in protecting disaster victims
Strengthening of the measure for the disaster prevention from ordinal time
Key points in revision of the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act
9. 9
The Reconstruction Agency officially debuted on February 10, 2012, following the previous Headquarters of Reconstruction, which was set up in June 2011. The Reconstruction Agency was created under the Act Establishing the Reconstruction Agency and is planned to operate for 10 years. This agency is primarily responsible for coordinating various ministries’ budgetary and reconstruction procedures so that reconstruction efforts in all localities can proceed in a timely manner.
10. 〔Disaster Prevention and Preparedness〕 1. Erosion Control Act (1897) 2. Building Standard Law (1950) 3. Forest Act (1951) 4. Act on Temporary Measures for Disaster Prevention and Development of Special Land Areas (1952) 5. Meteorological Services Act (1952) 6. Seashore Act (1956) 7. Landslide Prevention Act (1958) 8. Act on Special Measures for Disaster Prevention in Typhoon-prone Areas (1958) 9. Act on Special Measures for Heavy Snowfall Areas (1962) 10. River Act (1964) 11. Act on Prevention of Steep Slope Collapse Disaster (1969) 12. Act on Special Measures for Active Volcanoes (1973) 13. Act on Special Financial Measures for Urgent Earthquake Countermeasure Improvement Projects in Areas for Intensified Measures (1980) 14. Act on Special Measures for Earthquake Disaster Countermeasures (1995) 15. Act on Promotion of the Earthquake-proof Retrofit of Buildings (1995) 16. Act on Promotion of Disaster Resilience Improvement in Densely Inhabited Areas (1997) 17. Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas (2000) 18. Specified Urban River Inundation Countermeasures Act (2003)
11. 11
After the GEJE, the Japanese government actively established the new acts and amended existing acts.
- Two new acts for tsunami disaster management (June and December 2011)
- A revision of the Act on Special Measures concerning Urban Regeneration (April 2012)
- A revision of the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act (June 2012 and June 2013)
- A new act concerning the reconstruction from major disasters (June 2013)
- A new act of countermeasures for the Tokyo Inland Earthquake (November 2013)
-A fundamental revision of an act for promotion of countermeasures for the Nankai Trough Earthquake (November 2013)
- A new basic act of national resilience for disaster
12. 12
Dedicated and Adequate Resources
for Disaster Management in Japan
Helping each other: Nation-wide assistance
21. 21
Change of Housing Location in Hongo, Touni Village, Iwate Pref. (1948–2010)
After the 1933 Killer Tsunami, most people relocated to higher ground, but
they gradually returned --- Exposure to tsunami risks
22. 22
Do not build houses in lower areas (a stone monument in Rikuzentakata built in 1935)
Photo: Yuichi Ono
23. 23
The Education Sector
Education + self-action with flexible thoughts
25. 25
Ancient Japanese words have might have hidden meanings:
Kama-: tsunami eaten beaches
e.g. Kamaishi, Shiogama, Kamakura
Nami-/Namiita
Wata/watari-
Ona
Suka
Aka/Ake: Water
26. 26
Name of places
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e.g. funakoshi (boat crossing over to the other beach): two neighboring beaches became one by tsunami
Funakoshi, Yamada-machi, Iwate Pref
27. Efforts in the 19th century 27
Tsunami Recovery in Wakayama
A great leader
Education and awareness
First tsunami levee in the world?
28. 28
He saved the lives of many of his fellow villagers of Hiro, Kii Province (current Hirogawa, Wakayama), when a massive tsunami struck the Kii Peninsula in 1854. He set fire to stacks of rice sheaves as landmarks to guide villagers to safety. Lafcadio Hearn wrote a story about him in Gleanings in Buddha-Fields: Studies of Hand and Soul in the Far East (1897), called "Inamura no Hi: The burning rice fields". The story chronicled Goryo's heroism and accounts of his efforts were also introduced into Japanese textbooks. Hamaguchi participated in various recovery efforts in Hiro, including the construction of a sea wall more than 600m long, 20m wide and 5 m high, which minimized damage from tsunamis in later years. He spent his own money on the project the equivalent of 1,572 ryō (gold coins) and hired a total of 56,736 villagers to work on it. In 2012, a private housing firm, Ichijo Co., Ltd.(Ichijo Komuten) --- offered USD 300M to construct a sea wall in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref. (17.5 km)
Goryo Hamaguchi, 1820-1885 Inamuranohi museum Photo taken by Yuichi Ono
Historical tsunami warning and recovery efforts
29. 29
Historical tsunami warning and recovery efforts
1854 Ansei Tsunami – description of Hiromura Village
Inamuranohi museum Photo taken by Yuichi Ono
30. 30
Historical tsunami warning and recovery efforts
Hiromura sea wall built by Hamaguchi, 1855-58 (3 years and 10 months) Height 5 m, width 20 m, length 600 m
Photo: Yuichi Ono
Photo: Yuichi Ono
31. 31
Tsunami Warning System
First of all, tsunami warning system operated by JMA saved many lives on the occasion of the 11 March 2011 Japan Tsunami. If no EWS, the number of deaths would have been recorded with one more digit.
32. 32
Tsunami Warning System
The JMA’s already sophisticated TWS was further revised in March 2013 after
a series of consultations
What happened on tsunami EWS on the day?
33. 33
Tsunami Warning System
It is easy to criticize things after they occur.
-Initial estimated tsunami heights based on the early evaluations of earthquake magnitude were significantly underestimated. --- The EQ rapturing continued for 3 minutes and the actual magnitude had not been observed. Lessons: Do not depend only on the initial magnitude of EQ as a large one has significant duration Technical modifications in observation:
A new method to evaluate a large EQ magnitude
Based on the analysis on the EQ wave length
Pay more respect on the Ocean bottom tsunamimeters da
and GPS wave gauges data
Source: JMA
Source: JMA
34. 34
Tsunami Warning System
Issuance of tsunami warning
Before
Now (after March 2013)
Source: JMA
Source: JMA
35. 35
Tsunami Warning System
Issuance of tsunami warning
If not technically sure on the estimated tsunami heights, JMA would not use numerical
values but words such as enormous/gigantic (higher than 3m), high (1-3 meters), or
none if less than 1 meter.
If confident, JMA will use the
above-displayed categorized
tsunami heights
Note that the announcement
will be made at the maximum
value in each category
Source: JMA
36. 36
Tsunami Warning System
Dissemination of warning
Estimated time of tsunami arrival with estimated height per location will be announced by JMA,
Source JMA
37. Local FM Radio Station at Rikuzentakata 37
Photo: Yuichi Ono
38. 38
-
Only 30% of people evacuated quickly. Why not others?
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The initial estimate of tsunami height announced by JMA was not high enough
-
The corrected information soon after did not reach people due to electric failures
-
The magnitude of the earthquake (9.0) was beyond imagination even for seismologists
-
The earthquake made a gigantic electronic failures and most people depended tsunami warning on TV
-
Many elderly people and disabled people could/did not evacuate on time.
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Some of the designated evacuation sites became under water (tsunami risk map)
-
Past tsunami experiences might have hindered a decision making process
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New comers to the coastal area did not think of tsunami risk
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Some people took risks to reach their family members, friends, colleagues, and neighbors
Why so many people were killed?
39. 39
Population data in Minami-sanriku as of February 2011
17,666 940 5.3%
789 112 14.0%
What are these numbers?
Source: 障がい者制度改革推進会議
40. 40
Casualties, by Age, due to the 2011Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and the 1995 Great Kobe Earthquake
43. 43
Evacuation
Evacuation by cars? GPS records analysis to identify what happened on 11 March 2011 Always some people are left out from evacuation practices How can we motivate those? Disabled people? Supporters take high Risks too. Critical infra and vulnerable people to be located in safer area as much as possible Structural measures would help especially immediately near the coast (e.g. Shizuoka Pref. Where tsunami might come less than 1 minute after the EQ)
44. Early warning system and evacuation would save lives but not protect properties
Structural measures
45. 45
A sea wall in Ohtanaba, Fudai-village, Iwate Pref. Length 155 m, height 15.5 m, Approx. USD 0.6M Right side: beach Built by Iwate Pref. but strong call by the Village Mayor in 1967
Photo: Yuichi Ono
46. 46
Kotoku Wamura, 1909-1997 Mayor of Fudai Village
-
Insisted on building 15m high sea wall because he heard that th 1896 Tsunami was with 14m high - Iwate Pref. supported
100 people working in the port area were all saved during the 11 March 2011 Tsunami
51. 51
IRIDeS created in the process of Build Back Better
- Established in April 2012 as a response to the disaster
- 36 areas of research under 7 divisions
- More than 70 full-time researchers (total more than 100)
- One of the largest and most comprehensive DRM research institutes in the world
- Secured 10-year budget by the Government with USD 100 Million
Research institutes, Governments, and International Organizations such as UN
Private Sector
Affected local governments
International Research Institute of Disaster Science(IRIDS)
Reconstruction of disaster prevention and reduction technologies based on reality of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and tsunami disaster
Construction of “Disaster area supportology” in the event of a disaster
Advancement of anti-hazard performance and upgrading for multiple-fail-safe in urban areas as disaster recovery projects
Establishment of disaster medical relief service system of responding appropriately to wide area massive disaster
Rehabilitation regional and urban and creating disaster digital archive pass for the next generation
Major Research Issues
Research on mechanism of mega earthquake and tsunami generation and developing of next-generation of early detection technology of tsunamis
52. Use of science for policy making in disaster recovery in case of Sendai City
Prof. Shunichi Koshimura’s work
53. Damage in Sendai city
53
In Sendai
Exposed population 29,962
Death Toll
704 (2.4% of exposed population)
Missing
32
Injured
2,269
Completely collapsed
29,469
Severely damaged
26,064
Partial damaged
78,086
Minor damaged
115,949
Fatality/Missing/Insured
Structural damage
58. Structural vulnerability
Over 2 m tsunami flow depth potentially causes severe damage on houses or may devastate. Over 6 m tsunami flow depth will cause total devastation. Implication to land use management and tsunami risk evaluation.
58
62. The prefectural road (10 km) to be elevated Height : 6m, Width 30 m 12 billion JPY (120 million $) 62
63. Sendai city’s reconstruction plan
Tide : MHW Sea wall : 7.2 m Road level : 6 m
Flow depth
Flow depth of less than 2 m at the west of the raised road.
The sea wall and raised road increase the area of more surviving possibility.
63
64. 64
A special way to support recovery efforts By hosting the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, 14-18 March 2015 (Sendai) - Parts of our campus will be used as a venue Our key messages to the Post-HFA are:
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Build back better (for resilient recovery) to increase DRR capacity for not to repeat the same disaster
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Importance of constant investment on DRR (Japan: 1% of GDP since the late 1950s)
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Governance, including the development of national disaster statistics by NDMOs
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Support the proposed numerical targets in DRR in conjunction with the SDGs
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Integration of DRR science into national and local level policy
80. 80
A first restaurant built after the tsunami in Minami-sanriku
Recovery of local shops and restaurants does matter
Photo: Yuichi Ono
81. 81
A volunteer center combined with a local shop in Rikuzentakata
Photo: Yuichi Ono
82. 82
Aid Takata , an NPO in Rikuzentakata is having a meeting to support affected communi
NGOs, NPOs, and local organizations do matter
Photo: Yuichi Ono
85. 85
‘Capital Hotel 1000’ a 7-story building hotel near the coast in Rikuzentakata was damag
up to the 4th floor --- to be moved to 700m inland on the top of the hill supported by
Government ’s assistance and a private recovery fund (USD 8.6M)
Public accommodation does matter
Photo: Yuichi Ono
86. 86
A bridge near the coast, Minamisanriku, Miyagi Pref.
Photo: Yuichi Ono