Role of JMA issuing warning and role of broadcasters in wellness messaging

All Rights Reserved, Copyright ©All Rights Reserved, Copyright © 1
ABU DBS 2013, KL, Malaysia, 5-8, March 2013
Workshop E
UNESCAP Workshop on EWB: Implementation and Operations
Role of JMA issuing warning and
role of broadcasters in wellness
messaging
Kazuyoshi SHOGEN
B-SAT, Japan
8 March, 2013
(JMA : Japan Meteorological Agency)

All Rights Reserved, Copyright ©
Contents
 Tsunami Warning issued by JMA
 Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) issued by JMA
 Wellness messaging in broadcasting
2

Tsunami Warning issued by JMA
3
Major Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters
- Death/Missing over 100 people since 1868 -

Key players of tsunami disaster management
Central government
Cabinet Office
Supervisor of national disaster management
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Supervisor of local governments’ disaster management
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, transport and tourism
Authority on tsunami protection infrastructure such as dikes and breakwaters
Responsible for code on earthquake-resistant construction
Japan Meteorological Agency
Single voice of tsunami warnings in Japan
Media (TV, radio)
Transmit tsunami warnings and evacuation order/recommendation to the public.
Local government (Prefectures)
Responsible for prefectural disaster management.
Local government (Municipality)
Responsible for municipal disaster management.
Issuing evacuation order/recommendation.
4

JMA seismometer network
NIED : National Research Institute for
Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

Tsunami Warning Procedure
7
Mw : moment magnitude
Short period

Re-evaluation of tsunami based on Mw
- Mjma (Mj) is based on the maximum displacement amplitude of
strongmotion seismometers, and has the advantage of quick
availability.
- However, due to dependence on the short period (-10 sec.) wave
component, Mj is prone to underestimate for gigantic or tsunami
earthquakes.
- Therefore, JMA also calculates moment magnitude (Mw) in 15
minutes using domestic broadband seismic waveform data to obtain
proper estimate of magnitude even for gigantic or tsunami
earthquakes, and the initial warning is updated using Mw, if
necessary.
Mw=(log10 Mo－9.1 )/1.5 (Kanamori(1977))
Mw: Moment magnitude, Mo: Seismic moment
8

Tsunami Monitoring Network
9
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
transport and tourism JAMSTEC : Japan Agency for
Maritime-Earth Science and
Technology

Update based on offshore observation
-Offshore observations are used for tsunami warning update if
necessary.
-15 GPS buoys (10-20km offshore) and 35 Cable-type sea bottom
pressure sensors (-100km offshore) are used for tsunami warning
update in our operation.
-Three DART buoys will be deployed about 300-400km off the Pacific
coast of Tohoku in 2012.
GPS buoy
(Courtesy of Ports and Harbours Bureau of MLIT)
(MLIT : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport )

Tsunami Warning Improvement Plan
New Technique for Huge Earthquakes (March 2013-)

New Classification & Contents of Warnings etc. (March 2013-)
Mw : moment magnitude

New observation Information (March 2013-)
Messages about tsunami Indication
Tsunami Warning/Advisory JMA issues tsunami warnings or advisories
according to expected tsunami height.
Tsunami warning (Major Tsunami, Tsunami) or
Tsunami Advisory is provided within about three
minutes after the earthquake.
Tsunami Information
(Estimated tsunami arrival time
and height for forecast regions)
Forecast of height and arrival times of initial wave
are provided for each forecast region.
Tsunami Information
(Estimated tsunami arrival time
and high tide time at tidal stations)
Information on estimated tsunami arrival time and
high tide time at tsunami observation stations.
Tsunami Information
(Tsunami observations)
Observed tsunami arrival time and height at
tsunami observation stations.
Offshore Tsunami Information
(Tsunami Observations at
offshore gauges)
Observed offshore tsunami arrival time and height
at offshore gauges, and estimated tsunami height
on the coast based on offshore observations.
New information (from March 2013)

Dissemination of Tsunami Warning and Earthquake Information

International Tsunami Advisory Services
15

 JMA, the official single voice of warnings on natural
disasters in Japan, issues tsunami warnings using scenario
type tsunami database system, in combination with densely
deployed domestic seismic network, sophisticated data
processing system, and tsunami observations network.
 After the tragedy of the 3.11 event, JMA decided to improve
its tsunami warning system in terms of rough but early
estimation of the size of huge earthquakes and improvement
of warning messages which promote early evacuation.
Summary
17

Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) issued by JMA
18

Improvement of Performance
Classification by
main cause Outcome
Succeed to decrease False
Alarm (in simulation)
22

Summary (Mw9.0 off the Pacific Coast Tohoku
Earthquake)
The 2011 off the Pacific coast Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0) generated widespread
strong ground motion, and seismic intensities of 6-lower and 6-upper were
recorded in the Tohoku and Kanto districts over an area of approximately 400 ×
100 km. The durations of strong ground motion were very long.
JMA EEW functioned as expected;
The JMA EEW system issued one warning to the general public in the Tohoku
district before the start of strong ground motion. It was earlier than the S wave
arrival and 15 s earlier than strong ground motion (intensity 5-lower) at the closest
station to the epicenter.
But it was not perfect;
For Kanto region, JMA EEW expected to be I=4, which is under-expectation as
compared with actual observation(5L-6U). This is probably due to the large extent
of fault rupture.
For aftershocks, JMA EEW did not always determine the location and magnitude
correctly, because many earthquakes occurred simultaneously over a wide area,
and system was confused.
23

 NHK provided the well-being information (name list
of evacuees) on ETV(Terrestrial), BS2(Satellite) and
FM(Radio) every day. ETV was switched off in the
midnight (00:00 -05:00) for saving the electric power.
 “NHK online” provides evacuees information with
searching function (place and name) on NHK Home
Page for PC.
Wellness messaging in broadcasting
Example : Tohoku Great Earthquake (11 March 2011 - )
24

Various Services in Digital Age
TV Radio
Data
broadcasting
Website
Mobile-phone
website
One-segment
broadcasting
Internet radio
25

Improvement of tsunami warning broadcast
●Wording of major tsunami warnings
1) More assertive
“Major tsunami is coming!”
2) More imperative
“Evacuate immediately!”
3) Sense of urgency
“Evacuate to save your lives!”
26

Internet Radio service
Started on Sep.1 2011
3 channels (R1 R2 FM)
Available with smart phone
27

http://anpi.jp/top?lang=en
 Service in
1 October 2012 –
 Access by
PC, Smart phone,
Mobile phone, data
broadcasting
 Wellness
information from
Telco,
Broadcaster, etc.
10 organizations,
12 kind of data
28

Access to Janpi on web or in data broadcasting
29
Search for a
person by
name
NHK website
Data broadcasting（NHK ETV）
Accessible by PC, smart phone
mobile phone
J-anpi
（Portal site or person finder）

I deeply thank Mr. Tomoaki OZAKI and Mr. Yasuyuki
YAMADA of JMA and Ms. Sayaka IRIE of NHK
Disaster and Safety Information Center for their
support and providing me with their valuable
presentation material.
30
Acknowledgement

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