Presentace mapující vývoj v umění, vědě a technice, který umožnil formulaci Bohrova modelu atomu. Především pak fyzikální experimenty jako byl objev elektronu, spektroskopická pozorování nebo studium vlastností jádra.
My notes for 9th grade, 2nd Quarter. Consists of multiple lessons in Science from the History of the Atomic Model to Electron Dot Structure. To be honest, I got lazy in making this halfway there. Sorry. ^^u
Poradnik, będzie Ci pomocny w przyswajaniu wiedzy i kształtowaniu umiejętności z zakresu przestrzegania przepisów bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy, ochrony przeciwpożarowej oraz ochrony środowiska.
My notes for 9th grade, 2nd Quarter. Consists of multiple lessons in Science from the History of the Atomic Model to Electron Dot Structure. To be honest, I got lazy in making this halfway there. Sorry. ^^u
Poradnik, będzie Ci pomocny w przyswajaniu wiedzy i kształtowaniu umiejętności z zakresu przestrzegania przepisów bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy, ochrony przeciwpożarowej oraz ochrony środowiska.
EuropIA 2014 - Analysing the impact of constraints on decision-making by arch...Pieter Pauwels
Architectural design projects are characterised by a high level of complexity. This level of complexity may be attributed to the high number of constraints that apply to architectural design projects. Along with planning, energy performance and fire safety regulations, current designers have to face constraining factors related to budget, acoustics, orientation, wind turbulence, accessibility for the disabled, and so forth. It thus appears that all sorts of restrictions and regulations steer the design process implicitly and explicitly in certain directions as soon as architectural designers aim at satisfying design briefs.
In this research, we aim at analysing the impact of parameters and constraints on the design process. We wish to investigate how designers in practice deal with parameters and constraints. How do they interpret incoming parameters or constraints? Are constraints considered to be limitative (constraining), or are they key reference points in a variety of parametric possibilities? Are constraints omnipresent during the design process or are they considered only until they have been 'resolved'? To make an analysis of the role of constraints and parameters in the design process, we have studied four design sessions in a particular design use case, which will be presented briefly in this paper. In each of these design sessions, the design was not only re-evaluated, but it was also redirected in response to certain constraints that were not met (yet). In analysing these four sessions, we used linkography as a method, because this appeared to be one of the better options to obtain a more quantitative assessment of the design process. The linkography method was combined with an interview of the student design team, in order to check the correctness of our conclusions.
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Biuletyn ERP dzisiaj to najnowsza publikacja wydawana przez firmę IT.integro poświęcona tematyce związanej z systemami ERP, zwłaszcza Microsoft Dynamics NAV. ERP dzisiaj jest kompendium wiedzy na temat współczesnego rynku i nowoczesnych rozwiązań.
EuropIA 2014 - Analysing the impact of constraints on decision-making by arch...Pieter Pauwels
Architectural design projects are characterised by a high level of complexity. This level of complexity may be attributed to the high number of constraints that apply to architectural design projects. Along with planning, energy performance and fire safety regulations, current designers have to face constraining factors related to budget, acoustics, orientation, wind turbulence, accessibility for the disabled, and so forth. It thus appears that all sorts of restrictions and regulations steer the design process implicitly and explicitly in certain directions as soon as architectural designers aim at satisfying design briefs.
In this research, we aim at analysing the impact of parameters and constraints on the design process. We wish to investigate how designers in practice deal with parameters and constraints. How do they interpret incoming parameters or constraints? Are constraints considered to be limitative (constraining), or are they key reference points in a variety of parametric possibilities? Are constraints omnipresent during the design process or are they considered only until they have been 'resolved'? To make an analysis of the role of constraints and parameters in the design process, we have studied four design sessions in a particular design use case, which will be presented briefly in this paper. In each of these design sessions, the design was not only re-evaluated, but it was also redirected in response to certain constraints that were not met (yet). In analysing these four sessions, we used linkography as a method, because this appeared to be one of the better options to obtain a more quantitative assessment of the design process. The linkography method was combined with an interview of the student design team, in order to check the correctness of our conclusions.
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Biuletyn ERP dzisiaj to najnowsza publikacja wydawana przez firmę IT.integro poświęcona tematyce związanej z systemami ERP, zwłaszcza Microsoft Dynamics NAV. ERP dzisiaj jest kompendium wiedzy na temat współczesnego rynku i nowoczesnych rozwiązań.
Lesson 4 Not Indivisible (The Structure of the Atom)Simple ABbieC
Learning Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. point out the main ideas in the discovery of the structure of the atom and its subatomic particles
2. cite the contributions of J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr to the understanding of the structure of the atom
3. describe the nuclear model of the atom and the location of its major components (protons, neutrons, and electrons)
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Ujwalkumar Trivedi, Head of Biotechnology Department at Marwadi University Rajkot. I teach Molecular Biology to the students of M.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology.
The current presentation is like a history book of various discoveries that led to the development of quantum mechanics. The presentation also tries to address the debate between the radicals (supporters of quantum theory) and classical (supporters of Newtonian physics).
Manuál pro učitele se věnuje konkrétním aktivitám, problémům a činnostem, které lze s ChatGPT ve školním prostředí provádět. Současně nabízí širší teoretický koncept a reflexi celého, rychle se rozvíjejícího fenoménu.
Panoramaticky pojatá přednáška zaměřená na vymezení konceptu sociální informatiky a její konkrétní aplikace, jako jsou dialogové systémy nebo nástroje na počítačové zpracování emocí.
Peter Jarvis popisuje učící se společnost jako nejvyšší stupeň vývoje post-industriální společnosti. Jenže, co se pod ním skrývá? Jak se mění podstata toho, co je to učení? A co se děje se vzdělávacími obsahy?
Presentace se dotýká vybraných aspektů ekonomických změn, které se v oblasti informační společnosti objevují. Zaměřuje se změny v řízení organisací, ale i na proměnu podnikání jako celku.
Co je to informační revoluce? Co má společného s předchozími velkými revolucemi ve společnosti? Jakým způsobem spolu souvisí průmyslová a informační revoluce? Jaké změny vyvolaly?
The Principle of Non-Discrimination in the Infosphere: A New EthicsMichal Černý
Almost everything in EC frame is based on the idea of openness of information interactions for all inforgs.
Openness is not just a human value – openness is affects compatibility, imperoperability, open development, open coding, open formats, data transfer, ... but also machine learning (AI) over open knowledge bases!
Thus, pragmatic ethics extended to information interactions between inforgs can be the starting point for forming a non-anthropocentric framework. The key value of this new ethics is open information interaction that do not discriminate against anyone.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Od objevu elektronu k
Bohrovu modelu atomu:
filosofický, matematický a fyzikální exkurz
Michal Černý,
PřF MU
2. Na čem je postaven Bohrův model?
• Jaké kulturní klima bylo nutné?
• Jaké myšlenky jej ovlivnili?
• Jaké byly klíčové fyzikální otázky a experimenty této doby?
• Co se dělo v matematice?
• Co se dělo ve filosofii?
• Mohl vzniknout takový model v jiném období a klimatu?
3. Erwin Schrödinger
• „Fyzika se nemůže a nesmí nikdy odtrhnout od kultury. Byl by
to začátek jejího konce.“
4. Paradigma ve vědě
• T. S. Kuhn: paradigma souhrn základních domněnek,
předpokladů, představ dané skupiny vědců. Ke každému
paradigmatu patří i metodická pravidla řešení, intuitivní
postoje a hodnocení problémů.
• K. R. Popper: Předběžné vědění a přibližování se pravdě.
Problém falsifikace a verifikace ve vědě.
• M. Focault: typ myšlení a poznávání charakteristický pro dané
období. Epistémé tvoří apriorní strukturu, můžeme hovořit o
archeologii vědění.
5. 1897-1913
• 1898: Objeveny prvky krypton, neon, xenon, polonium a
radium; USA obsadily Havajské ostrovy.
• 1900: Na Sněžce byla vzniká meteorologické stanice; první
automobil s volantem.
• 1902: Film George Mélièse Cesta na Měsíc.
• 1904: Zprovoznění Transsibiřské magistrály.
• 1906: Představen dural, výbuch Vesuvu poničil Neapol.
• 1908: OH v Londýně, poslední díl Ottova slovníku naučného a
užití pojmu kubismus.
• 1910: Vzducholodě v civilní dopravě, první obrazovka,
Portugalsko republikou.
• 1912: Kaplanova turbína, balkánská válka, Čína republikou.
7. Gottlob Frege
• Pojmové písmo – logické značky, prostor pro budování
přesných teorií.
• Základní zákony aritmetiky - číslo je definováno mohutností
množiny.
8. Whitehead a Russell
• PrincipiaMathematica .
• Budování matematiky jako bezrozporné axiomatické vědy.
• Staví na teorii množin.
• Typy matematických objektů.
• Reaguje na ni později Gödel.
10. Edmud Husserl
• Filosofie aritmetiky – čísla jsou jen psychologickými konstrukty.
• Zakládá fenomenologickou filosofii.
• Filosofie jako věda s vlastním předmětem i metodami.
11. Charles Peirce
• Autor pravdivostních tabulek či diagramů v logice
• Přichází s vlastní logickou algebrou (založenou na NOR).
• Rozdělení poznání:
• dedukcí z evidentních pravd;
• indukcí ze zkušenosti;
• abdukcí, což je tvořivá lidská činnost, která se projevuje při tvorbě
hypotéz.
13. Kubismus
• Pracuje s novým pohledem na prostor a čas. Inspirace
nekonečnem.
• Snaha o rozložení skutečnosti do jasných a srozumitelných
částí.
• 1908: termínu „kubismus“ Louis Vauxcelles.
• Georges Braque a Pablo Picasso.
14. Expresionismus
• 1905 Německá umělecká skupina Die Brücke.
• Není důležité to co je vidět, ale podstata věcí.
• Křik od Edvarda Munche (1893).
16. Joseph John Thomson
• 1896 objev elektronu.
• q/m = 10-11 C/kg.
• Předchozí experimenty Juliuse Plückera a Williema Crookese
byly limitovány nedostatečnou aparaturou.
• „As the cathode rays carry a charge of negative electricity, are deflected by an
electrostatic force as if they were negatively electrified, and are acted on by a
magnetic force in just the way in which this force would act on a negatively electrified
body moving along the path of these rays, I can see no escape from the conclusion
that they are charges of negative electricity carried by particles of matter. “
17. Ernst Mach a Jean Baptist
Perrin
• Existují atomy?
• 1827 Brown pozoruje pohyb pilových zrnek.
• Práce Maxwella, Boltzmana a řady dalších.
• 1908 Jean Baptist Perrin provádí pečlivé experimentální i
teoretické úvahy, které vedou k jistotě existence diskrétního
složení hmoty.
• Průkaznost existence atomů startuje novou vlnu úvah – jak
vypadá atom?
18. Předběžné poznatky
• Elektron je malý a lehký.
• Zbytek atomu (tedy kladný iont) je oproti němu mimořádně
těžký.
• Ze spektroskopie plynů bylo zřejmé, že atomy jsou elektricky
neutrální.
• Z látek lze elektrony vypudit.
• Elektrony mají dobrou schopnost procházet látkou – atom je z
velké části prázdný (F. Lenard).
19. První modely
• 1903 Philipp Lenard: dynamidový model
• 1903 Hantaro Nagaoka: saturnový model
• 1904 Joseph John Thomson: pudingový model
20. Ernest Rutherford
• 1899: objev a popis alfa a beta záření.
• 1900 – 1903: objev radioaktivity a rozpadových řad.
• 1903: objev gama záření.
• 1909: objev jádra atomu.
• 1909: Rutherfordův planetární
model atomu.
21. Max Planck
• 1899 objev konstanty h a tzv. Planckových jednotek.
• 1901 vydal článek, ve kterém vysvětluje záření černého tělesa
tak, že nevyzařuje spojitě, nýbrž po určitých kvantech, která
jsou popsány vztahem
퐸 = ℎ푓.
• Na něj navazuje Einstein interpretací kvantování energie a
vysvětlením fotoefektu.
퐸푓표푡표푛푢 = ℎ푓 − 푊
22. Spektroskopie
• 1853: Anderes Angström detekoval čtyři spektrální čáry a o
sedm let později dokázal změřit jejich vlnovou délku.
• 1885: Johann Balmer našel matematickou závislost mezi
čtyřmi vlnovými délkami.
• Dnes moderně zapisujeme jako:
1
휆푚
= 푅(
1
22 −
1
푚2)
• Byla otázka, co znamená ono R, proč má právě
takovou hodnotu a na čem může být závislé.
23. Bohrova východiska
• Rutherfordův model atomu a také jím odhadnutá velikost
jádra.
• Thomsonův výpočet velikosti atomu.
• Problém stability atomů.
• Spektroskopická data, matematický vztah mezi vlnovou délkou
a přirozeným číslem m.
• Všechny atomy téhož druhu vyzařují stejné diskrétní spektrální
čáry.
• Mikrosvět je spojen s fundamentální konstantou h.
• Tak jako v matematice se hledá cesta definice vhodných
axiomů.
24. Dva axiomy
• Existují stacionární stavy.
• K vyzáření energie nebo její absorpci dochází při (de)excitaci
atomu:
Δ퐸 = 퐸푝표čá푡푒č푛í − 퐸푘표푛푐표푣á
Δ퐸 = ℎ푓
25. Některé výsledky
• Bohrův model atomu vodíku dokázal vysvětlit existenci
spektrálních čar i jejich diskrétní strukturu a konkrétní hodnoty
energie.
• Bylo možné spočítat Rydbergovu konstantu.
• Bylo možné snadno vypočítat poloměr (vodíku podobnému)
atomu v základním stavu, také ve vybuzeném.
• Bohrův magneton: 휇퐵 =
푒ℎ
4휋푚푒
• Lze určit hodnotu energií na těchto drahách (tedy i frekvenci)
• Experimentální verifikaci provedli Herz a Franck v letech 1914-
1919.
• Navazuje na něj spor Bohra s Einsteinem o podstatu kvantové
mechaniky.
26. ???
• Jaké kulturní klima bylo nutné?
• Jaké myšlenky jej ovlivnili?
• Jaké byly klíčové fyzikální otázky a experimenty této doby?
• Co se dělo v matematice?
• Co se dělo ve filosofii?
• Mohl vzniknout takový model v jiném období a klimatu?