Employee health and safety issues discussed here . prevention aspect

1. Employee Health and Safety in Field
Sarfaraz Ahmad
E.R. Physician
A.F.H., K.A.N.B

2. FUNDAMENTAL
Health and safety at work is a fundamental
issue which involves both the employee and
the employer

3. POOR ENVIRONMENT
With rapid growth of population,
Industrialization, modernization,
fast conveyance and use of different
Kinds of tools and heavy machineries
humanity at the same pace exposed
to more danger and living in unsafe and
unhealthy environment.

4. RISKS
No field work is
without risk and
health hazards and
there is no risk or
health hazards that
can’t be prevented.
We have considered every potential risks except
the risk of avoiding all risks

5. HEALTH
Absence of illness, injury or impairment
of body & / or mind

6. SAFETY = COMMON SENSE
Protect your employees and
avoid costly accidents
The door to Safety swings on the
hinges of common sense.

7. SAFETY = FREEDOM FROM DANGER
Protection from, or not
being exposed to, the
risk of harm or injury
from surrounding
Environment.

8. FIELD HAZARDS
An individual may be exposed to 6 types of hazards
1. Physical:heat,cold,light,noise,vibration etc.
2. Chemical: toxic,corrosive,allergenic
3. Biological: Infectious,parasitic,poisonous animals e.g. scorpion , snake,
black ants etc.
4. Mechanical: machinery , protruding/moving parts
5. Psychosocial:
6. Natural : Hail storm, tornado, torrential rain, earth quake , sand storm
etc.

9. PHYSICAL-NOISE-HARM

10. PHYSICAL– NOISE-- NEGATIVE
· Irritability
· Fatigue
· Stress
· Heightened blood pressure
· Sleeplessness
· Decreased productivity on the job
· Tinnitus (continual ringing in the ears)
· Hearing loss

11. NOISE-- SUPPRESSOR
They suppress or attenuate both
impulse and continuous noise.
They can also make noisy situations
more tolerable and reduce noise
generated stress, fatigue, and
irritability.
They can also help prevent hearing
loss.sound suppressers or ear plugs

12. PHYSICAL-- DEAF

13. PHYSICAL– HEAT--SUN
Slow performance
Aggressive behavior
Syncope
Cramp
Exhaustion
Scorching SUN

14. PHYSICAL—HEAT--REMEDIES
1. Lower Body Temperature
Move the victim into shade and sponge with
cool water.
Place the victim on his or her back. Elevate feet
about 12 inches to lessen the risk of shock.
Monitor the victim every 15 minutes—
continue to cool as needed.
2. Give Cool Liquids
Provide the victim with clear liquids if he or
she is alert. Offer cool or room-temperature
water.

15. PHYSICAL—HEAT--FIRE
Smoke inhalation
Burn

16. PHYSICAL-- COLD

17. PHYSICAL—COLD--REMEDIES
Frostbite: wrap in a soft, loose cloth and seek
medical attention right away
Hypothermia: use sleeping bag or wrap in dry
blankets. Remove any wet clothing first.
Provide warm liquids if the person is alert and
aware of his or her surroundings. Tea or hot
soup are good choices.

18. PHYSICAL– VIBRATION--TOOLS
Hand transmitted vibration
•Impact drill
•Rock drill
•Rail saw
•Steel plate cutter
•Chain saw
•Grinder
•Bench grinder
•Bolt and nut wrench
•Concrete vibrators

19. PHYSICAL-VIBRATION-EQUIPMENTS
Whole body Vibration
Main sources: machines and vehicles
•Excavator
•Caterpillar with push plate
•Motor sledge
•Terrain vehicle

20. PHYSICAL—VIBRATION--DISEASE
vibration white finger in fingertips of the right
hand ( VWF)
traumatic vasospastic disease (TVD) or
Raynaud´s phenomenon
Nerves damage,
Blood circulation Impair
Musculoskeletal damage.
Hand-Arm
Vibration
Syndrome
(HAVS)
Attacks of blanching
Tingling & sensation
Light touch
Pain & cold sensation
Loss of grip strength
Bone cysts
Hand Arm Vibration

21. PHYSICAL-VIBRATION-DISEASE
Vibration exposure occurs in the frequency range of 0.1 to 0.6 Hz
Number of Nervous, Circulatory, Bowel, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal
disorders.
East European researchers have noted that exposure to whole-body
vibration can produce an overall ill feeling which they
call "vibration sickness."
Whole body vibration

22. VIBRATION DISEASE
Dx not easy
Why is it not easy to diagnose vibration related diseases?
The acceptance of vibration syndrome as an industrial disease is hindered mainly because:
 Not every physician is trained to diagnose vibration-induced white finger (VWF) or
other vibration-related diseases.
 The causes of VWF cannot always be identified.
 There are no objective clinical tests to measure the impairment.
 The disease progresses for years before the symptoms become severe enough to affect
a worker's ability to do her or his work.

23. PHYSICAL-VIBRATION-PREVENT
Buying the right equipment
Concerning whole body vibration
vibration can be damped by:
• Installing better isolated seats in vehicles,
• Isolating the cabin from the structure of the
machine or
• Developing active damping systems (e.g. as
been done in logging machinery).

24. PHYSICAL- VIBRATION-PREVENT
Concerning local vibration
Technical measure to reduce vibration
Distance reduction
Dampen the spread of structural vibration and
insulation from the worker by insulating
materials such as…
Rubber, Steel springs, Cork, Mineral Wool,
and Air cushions etc.

25. CHEMICAL

26. CHEMICAL- CORROSIVE
Substances that cause visible destruction or permanent changes
In human skin,eyes,respiratory and digestive tissue at the site of
Contact i.e. acids, bases and dehydrating agent.

27. CHEMICAL-TOXIC
A chemical or
material that
has the ability
to seriously
injure biological
tissue, e.g.
phosphine,
diborane, and
arsine.

28. CHEMICAL- ALLERGENS

29. BIOLOGICAL

30. MECHANICAL-HAZARDS
Broken disk of grinder Early blast with flying stones

31. MECHANICAL

32. MECHANICAL

33. MECHANICAL
Nail gun

34. AN ACCIDENT AT WORK

35. MILITARY EXERCISE

36. HEALTH & SAFETY PROGRAMS
The goal of these programs is to foster a safe work environment.
It may also protect co-workers , family, employers, customers,
suppliers, nearby Communities.
It may involve cross-disciplinary area that includes :
Occupational medicine, Occupational (or industrial) hygiene,
Public health, Safety engineering, Chemistry,
Health physics, Ergonomics, Toxicology, Epidemiology,
Environmental health, Industrial relations, public policy,
Industrial sociology, Medical sociology, Social law,
Labour law and Occupational health psychology.

37. AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
It has been found that effective
management of worker safety and
health programs-
• Reduces the extent and severity
of work related injuries and
illnesses
• Improves employee morale and
productivity
• Reduces workers’ compensation
costs

38. ORGANIZATION
Use of organized and systematic
methods to-
• Assign responsibility to
managers, supervisors, and
employees
• Inspect regularly for and control
hazards
• Orient and train all employees to
eliminate or avoid hazards

53. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
( PPE )
PPE is a worker’s last defense against injury
and death, when eliminating workplace
hazards is not possible.
To make sure this equipment protects you
as it should, you need to know your PPE
responsibilities under the Occupational
Health and Safety Regulation.

54. PPE
Criteria for choosing PPE
should be that they
 Provide adequate protection
for the worker
 Comply with applicable laws,
regulations
 Meet company standard
 Not cause undue discomfort
and doesn’t create new
hazards

56. PPE- WRONG-INADEQUATE
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

57. PPE
Safety shoe Ear plug
Ear muffs
Hard hat
High visibility
Safety shoe
Respirator

58. Safety glasses

59. Safety gloves

60. Safety is a presence of mind -
Accidents are an absence of
mind.

61. Engagement Keeps the
Doctor Away. A happy
employee is a healthy
employee, according to a
GMJ survey.

62. It’s better to lose one minute in life...
than to lose life in a minute.