Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is effective against a variety of bacteria including H. influenzae, S. typhi, N. meningitidis, E. coli, S. pneumoniae, and V. cholerae. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and well distributed throughout the body, including into the central nervous system. Some clinical uses include treatment of typhoid fever, meningitis, and anaerobic infections, however it often has preferred alternatives due to potential side effects like aplastic anemia and grey baby syndrome. It can also interact with other drugs by inhibiting liver enzymes.

1. CHLORAMPHENICOL
Balaji college of pharmacy
Mr.B.CHAKRAPANI M.pharm
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
PHARMACOLOGY&clinicalpharmacolgy
Balaji college of pharmacy
Phone no :+91-9618279507
anticancer@rediffmail.com
anantapur.

2. CHLORAMPHENICOL
Mechanism of action
Inhibits protein synthesis ( 50 s subunit )
Antibacterial activity
H. Influenza S. typhi
N. Meningitides E. coli
S. Pneumonia V.cholera
Ricketsiae

3. Chloramphenicol ( cont. )
PHARMACOKINETICS
 Rapidly & completely absorbed from GIT
 30 % protein bound
 Metabolized by liver – glucuronidation
 Well distributed, including CNS and CSF
 Excreted in urine

4. Chloramphenicol Cont. )
CLINICAL USES
1.TYPHOID FEVER- S. TYPHI
( QUINOLONES ARE PREFFERED)
2. MENINGITIS – H.INFLUENZAE,
( CEFTRIAXONE IS PREFFERED )
3. ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS- B. FRAGILIS
(METRONIDAZOLE IS THE DRUG OF CHOICE)
4. RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS – DOXYCYCLINE IS
PREFFERED
5. BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS ( TOPICAL )

5. Chloramphenicol ( cont. )
Side effects
1.Hypersensitivity- low incidence
2. A plastic anaemia ( fatal )
3.Grey baby syndrome
4. Interaction with other drugs :
Inhibits liver microsomal enzymes
Phenytoin
Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
Anticoagulants

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