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The document summarizes the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) established in the late 1970s by the MacBride Commission in response to concerns from non-aligned countries about biased coverage from international media favoring Western interests during the Cold War. The MacBride Commission, chaired by Irish Nobel Laureate Sean MacBride, issued recommendations in 1981 calling for more equitable representation of languages and cultures, stronger national news agencies, and adherence to ethical standards regarding factual reporting and advertisement. The document argues that global media must follow the MacBride Commission's principles of impartial coverage of issues affecting the developing world to promote dialogue between civilizations.
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Mc bride commission
The McBride Commission was established in 1977 under UNESCO to study global communication issues. It was chaired by Irish diplomat Sean MacBride and included media experts from several countries. The commission's 1980 report, known as the MacBride Report, analyzed problems in the world communication system and imbalances between developed and developing nations. It considered complaints from non-aligned nations and tried to understand concerns of Western nations. The report defined issues causing conflicts between Eastern and Western blocs in transnational communication.
Macbride presentation about nwico
The document discusses the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) which was proposed in the 1970s. It aimed to address imbalances in global communication and the dominance of Western news agencies. However, the United States opposed NWICO as it was seen as a threat to the free flow of information and the interests of American media corporations. The controversy around NWICO ultimately led to the United States and United Kingdom withdrawing from UNESCO in 1984 and 1985 respectively.
MacBride commission-one voice many nations-NWICO
The MacBride Report was published in 1980 by the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems, chaired by Sean MacBride. The report analyzed issues with the modern mass media landscape, such as the concentration of media power in Western countries. It made 82 recommendations to establish a new world information and communication order with more equitable flows of information between developed and developing nations. However, the report's recommendations were controversial and led Western countries like the US and UK to withdraw from UNESCO.
New world information and communication order
The document discusses the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO). It began in the 1970s as developing countries protested their disadvantaged situation regarding information flows that were controlled by Western news agencies. NWICO aimed to foster more equitable communication between developed and developing worlds. It was articulated through various UN forums, culminating in principles outlined at the 1980 UNESCO conference in Belgrade. However, the United States was hostile to NWICO, seeing it as a threat to the free flow of communication and interests of American media corporations. The document concludes that alternative structural possibilities are needed for a more encompassing and human context regarding new communication technologies.
Indian press after freedom
The Indian press evolved greatly after independence in 1947. Newspaper circulation rose as more publications emerged in various forms like group publications owned across centers. Technical developments also improved printing capabilities. However, some challenges to press freedom emerged like the Press Act of 1951 that criminalized certain types of content. The Press Commission was formed in 1952 to examine issues around the press. Emergency rule in 1975 under Indira Gandhi was a dark period where hundreds of journalists were arrested and foreign reporters were expelled or banned. Commissions later examined the excesses of that time. Press freedom in India is still developing with some regulations around sensitive content.
Pemra
This document outlines the PEMRA Ordinance of 2002 which established the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The ordinance aims to improve media standards and expand choice for citizens. It gives PEMRA the power to regulate electronic media including broadcast, cable, and distribution services in Pakistan. The ordinance establishes PEMRA as the governing body, outlines its functions and powers, and details the composition of its members including provisions for appointment and tenure.
Ownership Patterns of Mass Media
This document discusses media ownership patterns in India. It notes that both public and private entities own parts of the Indian media. For newspapers and magazines, around 70% are privately owned by individuals, partnerships, trusts or companies. The government owns some media organizations that disseminate information but does not own newspapers directly. Films are mostly privately owned by producers and distributed through private distributors and exhibitors. Radio includes both private FM channels and public organizations like All India Radio. In conclusion, the media landscape involves a mix of public and private ownership with some government oversight.
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Musharraf can be credited for opening doors to media and introducing media revolution, but relations soured after imposing martial law and sacking chief justice. Zardari era media divided into pro, neutral, anti-government camps. Both granted media freedoms but also tried controlling media through regulatory authorities when faced with criticism. Conclusion states free media informs people, shows injustice to world, and strengthens democracy by acting as watchdog.
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Mc bride commission
The McBride Commission was established in 1977 under UNESCO to study global communication issues. It was chaired by Irish diplomat Sean MacBride and included media experts from several countries. The commission's 1980 report, known as the MacBride Report, analyzed problems in the world communication system and imbalances between developed and developing nations. It considered complaints from non-aligned nations and tried to understand concerns of Western nations. The report defined issues causing conflicts between Eastern and Western blocs in transnational communication.
Macbride presentation about nwico
The document discusses the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) which was proposed in the 1970s. It aimed to address imbalances in global communication and the dominance of Western news agencies. However, the United States opposed NWICO as it was seen as a threat to the free flow of information and the interests of American media corporations. The controversy around NWICO ultimately led to the United States and United Kingdom withdrawing from UNESCO in 1984 and 1985 respectively.
MacBride commission-one voice many nations-NWICO
The MacBride Report was published in 1980 by the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems, chaired by Sean MacBride. The report analyzed issues with the modern mass media landscape, such as the concentration of media power in Western countries. It made 82 recommendations to establish a new world information and communication order with more equitable flows of information between developed and developing nations. However, the report's recommendations were controversial and led Western countries like the US and UK to withdraw from UNESCO.
New world information and communication order
The document discusses the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO). It began in the 1970s as developing countries protested their disadvantaged situation regarding information flows that were controlled by Western news agencies. NWICO aimed to foster more equitable communication between developed and developing worlds. It was articulated through various UN forums, culminating in principles outlined at the 1980 UNESCO conference in Belgrade. However, the United States was hostile to NWICO, seeing it as a threat to the free flow of communication and interests of American media corporations. The document concludes that alternative structural possibilities are needed for a more encompassing and human context regarding new communication technologies.
Indian press after freedom
The Indian press evolved greatly after independence in 1947. Newspaper circulation rose as more publications emerged in various forms like group publications owned across centers. Technical developments also improved printing capabilities. However, some challenges to press freedom emerged like the Press Act of 1951 that criminalized certain types of content. The Press Commission was formed in 1952 to examine issues around the press. Emergency rule in 1975 under Indira Gandhi was a dark period where hundreds of journalists were arrested and foreign reporters were expelled or banned. Commissions later examined the excesses of that time. Press freedom in India is still developing with some regulations around sensitive content.
Pemra
This document outlines the PEMRA Ordinance of 2002 which established the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). The ordinance aims to improve media standards and expand choice for citizens. It gives PEMRA the power to regulate electronic media including broadcast, cable, and distribution services in Pakistan. The ordinance establishes PEMRA as the governing body, outlines its functions and powers, and details the composition of its members including provisions for appointment and tenure.
Ownership Patterns of Mass Media
This document discusses media ownership patterns in India. It notes that both public and private entities own parts of the Indian media. For newspapers and magazines, around 70% are privately owned by individuals, partnerships, trusts or companies. The government owns some media organizations that disseminate information but does not own newspapers directly. Films are mostly privately owned by producers and distributed through private distributors and exhibitors. Radio includes both private FM channels and public organizations like All India Radio. In conclusion, the media landscape involves a mix of public and private ownership with some government oversight.
Media in pakistan (1)
Musharraf can be credited for opening doors to media and introducing media revolution, but relations soured after imposing martial law and sacking chief justice. Zardari era media divided into pro, neutral, anti-government camps. Both granted media freedoms but also tried controlling media through regulatory authorities when faced with criticism. Conclusion states free media informs people, shows injustice to world, and strengthens democracy by acting as watchdog.
Press council of India
The Press Council of India is a statutory body that governs print and broadcast media in India to ensure freedom of speech. It was established in 1966 and can warn or censure journalists for ethics violations. It has 28 members including editors, journalists, management, and nominees from Parliament and fields like education. The Council handles complaints against and by the press, investigates issues like press freedom and media standards, and can direct authorities to ensure journalists' security. In one case, it recommended police protect a journalist receiving threats after publishing critical reports until the related criminal case was resolved.
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Press freeedom
The document discusses press freedom in Pakistan. It lists the group members and defines press freedom as the guarantee of a free public press by the government. It notes that while media growth occurred after 2001, Pakistan has not achieved full press freedom, ranking 61st out of 167 countries according to Freedom House. The document outlines influences on the media from both the government, including PEMRA and the Ministry of Information, and private entities like political parties and pressure groups. It discusses laws governing the press and penalties, and concludes with journalists' objections such as calls to reduce security amounts and ensure the head of any tribunal is a high court judge.
Media Conglomerates
The document summarizes several major media conglomerates:
- Time Warner is a global leader in television networks, film, and television entertainment.
- General Electric operates in power, oil/gas, aviation, healthcare and other industries and is among the largest and most profitable U.S. firms.
- Viacom has interests in cinema and cable television and is the world's sixth largest broadcasting and cable company.
- News Corp was spun off from 21st Century Fox and focuses on newspapers and publishing.
- The Walt Disney Company is the world's second largest broadcasting and cable company and operates TV networks, film studios, parks and resorts.
- Sony is a Japanese conglomerate focused on
Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance 2002 and its Code of Ethics
The Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance establishes a council to implement an ethical code of practice for newspapers and journalists. The council, composed of 19 members including journalists, editors, and media experts, oversees complaints and ensures press freedom and standards. It can form inquiry commissions to investigate ethical violations and recommend actions like publishing apologies or suspending publications. The council aims to balance press freedom with professional responsibility.
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Totalitarian Theory in Media
Totalitarian regimes strive to regulate all public and private aspects of life. They maintain power through propaganda disseminated via state-controlled media, a single ruling party, personality cults, economic control, and censorship. Totalitarian media is controlled by the central authority to promote the state and suppress opposition. Regimes like Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Stalinist Russia, Cuba, and North Korea established strict control over media to indoctrinate citizens and glorify the leader.
violation of ethics in Pakistani media
The document discusses various ethical issues and violations within Pakistan's media industry, including fashion, films, dramas, and advertisements. It notes that fashions in Pakistan are destroying new generations and misrepresenting males. Films and dramas are shown to violate censorship policies by glorifying crime, promoting vulgarity, and damaging foreign relations. Dramas are depicted as promoting religious sectarianism, ethnic discrimination, and undermining specific groups. Advertisements are also described as unethical at times. The document calls for original, creative content in the entertainment industry that meets audience demand while upholding high standards.
Press objectionable matters act
The Prevention of Publication of Objectionable Matters Act defines "objectionable matter" as any words, signs, or representations that incite violence against the government, encourage murder or sabotage, promote enmity between groups, or are obscene. The Act gave the government power to demand security from presses, seize objectionable publications, and destroy unauthorized newspapers. It repealed several central and state acts related to press control. The intention of the publisher is not considered - only the effect of the published words or images.
Media conglomerates
Media conglomerates are large corporations that own many types of mass media assets such as movies, music, publishing, television networks, and websites. They range in size from multinational companies like General Electric and News Corp to smaller firms like Hearst Corporation. Many media conglomerates face criticism for concentrating ownership and potentially biasing content, while defenders argue they are meeting global consumer demand. The largest conglomerates include General Electric, Walt Disney Company, News Corp, Time Warner, Viacom, Bertelsmann AG, and Sony.
Scientific Method and Models of Mass Communication Research: By Abid Zafar Ms...
Scientific Method and Models of Mass Communication Research: By Abid Zafar Ms...International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Resume
Abid Zafar
PERSONAL DETAILS
DOB June 04, 1989
Email aabidzafarwarraich@gmail.com
Phone 0322 570 66 59
Address Chandni Chowk, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat, Pakistan.
PROFILE
An enthusiastic individual I approach tasks with results in mind. I am well organized and I can work well as part of a team or on my own. I like completing things on time, and making sure that I keep learning how to do things well and quickly.
EDUCATION
M. Phil Media & Communication Studies Continues… (2014-2016)
International Islamic University Islamabad
MA Mass Communication & Media CGPA: 3.90/4.00 (2013)
University of Gujrat
Published Dissertation: “Comparative Analysis of Political Parties’ News and Advertisements Coverage of National Urdu Dailies Regarding Election 2013” ISBN 978-3-659-52287-1
B.ED Division 1st (2013-2014)
Alama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
BA Political Science Division: 2nd (2011)
University of Gujrat
Diploma of Associate Engineering Division: 1st (2008)
(3-Year Diploma: Mechanical), Government Institute of Technology, Gujranwala.
Matriculation (Science) Division: 1st (2005)
Government Islamia High School, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat
WORK EXPERIENCE
Worked as Reporter and Sub-editor in Online International Network from July 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012 Worked as Producer, Host and Reporter at FM- 106.6 from 21th November, 2012 to 25th May, 2013 I have great approach at Online Journalism, attended many seminars I have great experience of producing audio and video documentaries, news bulletins, features, Reports in two years Masters Degree Vast experience of writing, editing News stories, Columns, Features, Investigative reports I have great experience of Social Science Research where I got A+ in Final Thesis Regular Blogger
KEY STRENGTHS & SKILLS
I have great approach of Qualitative and Qualitative Research Methods I have great skills of writing Thesis and Research Papers I have great skills of Investigative Reporting I have skills about reporting and sub-editing in English journalism where I have reported number of seminars, National and International politicians, personalities and celebrities I have great skills of script writing, News stories, Investigative Reports, Online Journalism, Feature & columns writing I have multidimensional skills in the field of Mass Communication & Media where I got 3.90 CGPA out of 4.00, which presents my passions in this field Regular Bloggers I have great leadership abilities where I represent my class in two years Masters Degree President of Readers Club, which was about to improve reading and writing habits, conducted many seminar under my presidency
I am a great communicator, host many seminars, workshops and functions at university level I have great teaching skills where my teachers suggest me to join teaching as a profession I am a gMedia Ethics and Laws Pakistan
PEMRA is responsible for regulating TV and radio in Pakistan and enforcing the Electronic Media Code of Conduct. It has taken actions like issuing notices, warnings, and fines against channels that violate the code by airing inappropriate content. PEMRA also provides training and advice to channels. While PEMRA has shown more proactivity under its new chairman, fully implementing the code remains a challenge, and media organizations need to practice more self-censorship to broadcast responsibly.
Role of media in the society :
The document discusses two theories of media - Social Responsibility Theory and Agenda Setting Theory.
Social Responsibility Theory proposes that media have obligations to society to provide truthful, accurate, objective and balanced information. It also discusses how media and society influence each other.
Agenda Setting Theory suggests that media have the power to influence what issues the public thinks are important by deciding what to report on and how to frame these issues. For example, media coverage of crime issues can increase public concern about crime even if actual crime rates are falling.
History of radio in India
Radio broadcasting began in India in the 1920s through private companies. All India Radio (AIR) was established in 1936 and was the sole broadcaster in India until the 1990s. When India gained independence in 1947, AIR had only six stations. It has since expanded significantly and is overseen by Prasar Bharati, India's public broadcaster. AIR's services include Vividh Bharati for entertainment and regional programming. It provides various news, talk, and music programs across the country.
Media and foreign
This document discusses the relationship between media and foreign policy. It defines media and foreign policy, noting that media aims to reach mass audiences and foreign policy outlines how countries will interact globally. Media influences foreign policy through shaping public opinion, setting agendas, and justifying or marginalizing certain issues. The document provides examples of how Pakistani leaders and media have influenced public opinion to support foreign policy goals. It concludes that Pakistani media is growing more powerful and its relationship with foreign policy is still delicate.
Print Media - History post-ind
The document discusses the history and role of the press in post-independence India. It summarizes the key recommendations and findings of the First and Second Press Commissions established to examine the state of the press. The First Press Commission in 1952 recommended establishing a Press Council and Newspaper Development Corporation to promote high standards of journalism and development of Indian language newspapers. The Second Press Commission in 1978 examined the responsibilities of press in a democracy and recommended the Press Council be given powers to deny press accreditation.
Pci
The document summarizes the role and functions of the Press Council of India (PCI), which acts as a watchdog for the press in India. Some key details:
- PCI was established in 1966 to preserve press freedom and maintain ethical standards. It adjudicates complaints against and by the press.
- It is headed by a retired Supreme Court judge and has 28 other members representing press organizations, parliament, and other fields.
- PCI can issue warnings or censures against newspapers found to have violated ethics codes. It also addresses complaints about authorities impinging on press freedom.
- There is debate around whether PCI should be given penal powers to be more effective, and whether its scope should extend beyond print
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steps od Development Support Communication Campaign to run the successful Campaign on the regional and national level.
Television regulation
The document summarizes key aspects of television regulation in India through two acts - the Prasar Bharati Act and the Cable Television Networks Regulation Act.
The Prasar Bharati Act establishes the Prasar Bharati corporation to regulate public broadcasting on radio and television. It outlines the composition and roles of the Prasar Bharati Board and Broadcasting Council. The Cable Television Networks Regulation Act requires the registration of cable operators and regulates the transmission of channels and content on cable networks. It prohibits interference with other communication systems and unauthorized transmissions.
Media Conglomerates
Mass media is dominated by a small number of large conglomerates. Through mergers and acquisitions over many years, around six major companies now control around 90% of media in developed countries. This high level of consolidation raises concerns about these companies' outsized economic and political influence over what information is reported and how. While globalization has increased access to information, many nations still struggle with censorship and threats to journalists, and mainstream media ownership concentration risks lack of objective reporting and control by corporate and political elites to advance their own interests over informing the public.
The Cold War Era, World War, World Politics, Project, PPT, PowerPoint present...
The Cold War Era lasted from 1947-1970 and marked a period of geopolitical tension between the Western Bloc led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies. Key events that heightened tensions included the Soviet Union developing nuclear weapons in 1949, creating an arms race, and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 bringing the US and USSR to the brink of nuclear war. The world divided into two power blocs with countries joining either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, while some non-aligned nations formed the Non-Aligned Movement to stay out of the Cold War alliances.
The cold war era
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Press council of India
The Press Council of India is a statutory body that governs print and broadcast media in India to ensure freedom of speech. It was established in 1966 and can warn or censure journalists for ethics violations. It has 28 members including editors, journalists, management, and nominees from Parliament and fields like education. The Council handles complaints against and by the press, investigates issues like press freedom and media standards, and can direct authorities to ensure journalists' security. In one case, it recommended police protect a journalist receiving threats after publishing critical reports until the related criminal case was resolved.
Media & media conglomerates
The document discusses various media conglomerates including their business activities and subsidiaries. It provides information on AT&T, Sony, Time Warner, and Viacom - four major media conglomerates that operate across different sectors like telecommunications, consumer electronics, entertainment, cable TV, broadcasting, publishing, movies and video games. The conglomerates own numerous brands and subsidiaries across these sectors.
Press freeedom
The document discusses press freedom in Pakistan. It lists the group members and defines press freedom as the guarantee of a free public press by the government. It notes that while media growth occurred after 2001, Pakistan has not achieved full press freedom, ranking 61st out of 167 countries according to Freedom House. The document outlines influences on the media from both the government, including PEMRA and the Ministry of Information, and private entities like political parties and pressure groups. It discusses laws governing the press and penalties, and concludes with journalists' objections such as calls to reduce security amounts and ensure the head of any tribunal is a high court judge.
Media Conglomerates
The document summarizes several major media conglomerates:
- Time Warner is a global leader in television networks, film, and television entertainment.
- General Electric operates in power, oil/gas, aviation, healthcare and other industries and is among the largest and most profitable U.S. firms.
- Viacom has interests in cinema and cable television and is the world's sixth largest broadcasting and cable company.
- News Corp was spun off from 21st Century Fox and focuses on newspapers and publishing.
- The Walt Disney Company is the world's second largest broadcasting and cable company and operates TV networks, film studios, parks and resorts.
- Sony is a Japanese conglomerate focused on
Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance 2002 and its Code of Ethics
The Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance establishes a council to implement an ethical code of practice for newspapers and journalists. The council, composed of 19 members including journalists, editors, and media experts, oversees complaints and ensures press freedom and standards. It can form inquiry commissions to investigate ethical violations and recommend actions like publishing apologies or suspending publications. The council aims to balance press freedom with professional responsibility.
Net neutrality
This technical report summarizes the key topics regarding net neutrality presented by 5 students from the Computer Science and Engineering department. The report defines net neutrality and discusses how it shapes the internet by allowing equal access to all websites. It explains the potential negative consequences if net neutrality is removed, including "package plans" that could restrict access. The report also summarizes the debate around net neutrality in India and initiatives like Save the Internet. Finally, it notes that major organizations and politicians like Barack Obama support maintaining net neutrality regulations.
Totalitarian Theory in Media
Totalitarian regimes strive to regulate all public and private aspects of life. They maintain power through propaganda disseminated via state-controlled media, a single ruling party, personality cults, economic control, and censorship. Totalitarian media is controlled by the central authority to promote the state and suppress opposition. Regimes like Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Stalinist Russia, Cuba, and North Korea established strict control over media to indoctrinate citizens and glorify the leader.
violation of ethics in Pakistani media
The document discusses various ethical issues and violations within Pakistan's media industry, including fashion, films, dramas, and advertisements. It notes that fashions in Pakistan are destroying new generations and misrepresenting males. Films and dramas are shown to violate censorship policies by glorifying crime, promoting vulgarity, and damaging foreign relations. Dramas are depicted as promoting religious sectarianism, ethnic discrimination, and undermining specific groups. Advertisements are also described as unethical at times. The document calls for original, creative content in the entertainment industry that meets audience demand while upholding high standards.
Press objectionable matters act
The Prevention of Publication of Objectionable Matters Act defines "objectionable matter" as any words, signs, or representations that incite violence against the government, encourage murder or sabotage, promote enmity between groups, or are obscene. The Act gave the government power to demand security from presses, seize objectionable publications, and destroy unauthorized newspapers. It repealed several central and state acts related to press control. The intention of the publisher is not considered - only the effect of the published words or images.
Media conglomerates
Media conglomerates are large corporations that own many types of mass media assets such as movies, music, publishing, television networks, and websites. They range in size from multinational companies like General Electric and News Corp to smaller firms like Hearst Corporation. Many media conglomerates face criticism for concentrating ownership and potentially biasing content, while defenders argue they are meeting global consumer demand. The largest conglomerates include General Electric, Walt Disney Company, News Corp, Time Warner, Viacom, Bertelsmann AG, and Sony.
Scientific Method and Models of Mass Communication Research: By Abid Zafar Ms...
Scientific Method and Models of Mass Communication Research: By Abid Zafar Ms...International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Resume
Abid Zafar
PERSONAL DETAILS
DOB June 04, 1989
Email aabidzafarwarraich@gmail.com
Phone 0322 570 66 59
Address Chandni Chowk, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat, Pakistan.
PROFILE
An enthusiastic individual I approach tasks with results in mind. I am well organized and I can work well as part of a team or on my own. I like completing things on time, and making sure that I keep learning how to do things well and quickly.
EDUCATION
M. Phil Media & Communication Studies Continues… (2014-2016)
International Islamic University Islamabad
MA Mass Communication & Media CGPA: 3.90/4.00 (2013)
University of Gujrat
Published Dissertation: “Comparative Analysis of Political Parties’ News and Advertisements Coverage of National Urdu Dailies Regarding Election 2013” ISBN 978-3-659-52287-1
B.ED Division 1st (2013-2014)
Alama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
BA Political Science Division: 2nd (2011)
University of Gujrat
Diploma of Associate Engineering Division: 1st (2008)
(3-Year Diploma: Mechanical), Government Institute of Technology, Gujranwala.
Matriculation (Science) Division: 1st (2005)
Government Islamia High School, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat
WORK EXPERIENCE
Worked as Reporter and Sub-editor in Online International Network from July 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012 Worked as Producer, Host and Reporter at FM- 106.6 from 21th November, 2012 to 25th May, 2013 I have great approach at Online Journalism, attended many seminars I have great experience of producing audio and video documentaries, news bulletins, features, Reports in two years Masters Degree Vast experience of writing, editing News stories, Columns, Features, Investigative reports I have great experience of Social Science Research where I got A+ in Final Thesis Regular Blogger
KEY STRENGTHS & SKILLS
I have great approach of Qualitative and Qualitative Research Methods I have great skills of writing Thesis and Research Papers I have great skills of Investigative Reporting I have skills about reporting and sub-editing in English journalism where I have reported number of seminars, National and International politicians, personalities and celebrities I have great skills of script writing, News stories, Investigative Reports, Online Journalism, Feature & columns writing I have multidimensional skills in the field of Mass Communication & Media where I got 3.90 CGPA out of 4.00, which presents my passions in this field Regular Bloggers I have great leadership abilities where I represent my class in two years Masters Degree President of Readers Club, which was about to improve reading and writing habits, conducted many seminar under my presidency
I am a great communicator, host many seminars, workshops and functions at university level I have great teaching skills where my teachers suggest me to join teaching as a profession I am a gMedia Ethics and Laws Pakistan
PEMRA is responsible for regulating TV and radio in Pakistan and enforcing the Electronic Media Code of Conduct. It has taken actions like issuing notices, warnings, and fines against channels that violate the code by airing inappropriate content. PEMRA also provides training and advice to channels. While PEMRA has shown more proactivity under its new chairman, fully implementing the code remains a challenge, and media organizations need to practice more self-censorship to broadcast responsibly.
Role of media in the society :
The document discusses two theories of media - Social Responsibility Theory and Agenda Setting Theory.
Social Responsibility Theory proposes that media have obligations to society to provide truthful, accurate, objective and balanced information. It also discusses how media and society influence each other.
Agenda Setting Theory suggests that media have the power to influence what issues the public thinks are important by deciding what to report on and how to frame these issues. For example, media coverage of crime issues can increase public concern about crime even if actual crime rates are falling.
History of radio in India
Radio broadcasting began in India in the 1920s through private companies. All India Radio (AIR) was established in 1936 and was the sole broadcaster in India until the 1990s. When India gained independence in 1947, AIR had only six stations. It has since expanded significantly and is overseen by Prasar Bharati, India's public broadcaster. AIR's services include Vividh Bharati for entertainment and regional programming. It provides various news, talk, and music programs across the country.
Media and foreign
This document discusses the relationship between media and foreign policy. It defines media and foreign policy, noting that media aims to reach mass audiences and foreign policy outlines how countries will interact globally. Media influences foreign policy through shaping public opinion, setting agendas, and justifying or marginalizing certain issues. The document provides examples of how Pakistani leaders and media have influenced public opinion to support foreign policy goals. It concludes that Pakistani media is growing more powerful and its relationship with foreign policy is still delicate.
Print Media - History post-ind
The document discusses the history and role of the press in post-independence India. It summarizes the key recommendations and findings of the First and Second Press Commissions established to examine the state of the press. The First Press Commission in 1952 recommended establishing a Press Council and Newspaper Development Corporation to promote high standards of journalism and development of Indian language newspapers. The Second Press Commission in 1978 examined the responsibilities of press in a democracy and recommended the Press Council be given powers to deny press accreditation.
Pci
The document summarizes the role and functions of the Press Council of India (PCI), which acts as a watchdog for the press in India. Some key details:
- PCI was established in 1966 to preserve press freedom and maintain ethical standards. It adjudicates complaints against and by the press.
- It is headed by a retired Supreme Court judge and has 28 other members representing press organizations, parliament, and other fields.
- PCI can issue warnings or censures against newspapers found to have violated ethics codes. It also addresses complaints about authorities impinging on press freedom.
- There is debate around whether PCI should be given penal powers to be more effective, and whether its scope should extend beyond print
Steps in DSC campaign
steps od Development Support Communication Campaign to run the successful Campaign on the regional and national level.
Television regulation
The document summarizes key aspects of television regulation in India through two acts - the Prasar Bharati Act and the Cable Television Networks Regulation Act.
The Prasar Bharati Act establishes the Prasar Bharati corporation to regulate public broadcasting on radio and television. It outlines the composition and roles of the Prasar Bharati Board and Broadcasting Council. The Cable Television Networks Regulation Act requires the registration of cable operators and regulates the transmission of channels and content on cable networks. It prohibits interference with other communication systems and unauthorized transmissions.
Media Conglomerates
Mass media is dominated by a small number of large conglomerates. Through mergers and acquisitions over many years, around six major companies now control around 90% of media in developed countries. This high level of consolidation raises concerns about these companies' outsized economic and political influence over what information is reported and how. While globalization has increased access to information, many nations still struggle with censorship and threats to journalists, and mainstream media ownership concentration risks lack of objective reporting and control by corporate and political elites to advance their own interests over informing the public.
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Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance 2002 and its Code of Ethics
Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance 2002 and its Code of Ethics
Scientific Method and Models of Mass Communication Research: By Abid Zafar Ms...
Scientific Method and Models of Mass Communication Research: By Abid Zafar Ms...
Similar to Nwico & cold war
The Cold War Era, World War, World Politics, Project, PPT, PowerPoint present...
The Cold War Era lasted from 1947-1970 and marked a period of geopolitical tension between the Western Bloc led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies. Key events that heightened tensions included the Soviet Union developing nuclear weapons in 1949, creating an arms race, and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 bringing the US and USSR to the brink of nuclear war. The world divided into two power blocs with countries joining either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, while some non-aligned nations formed the Non-Aligned Movement to stay out of the Cold War alliances.
The cold war era
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Int 463 international relations part ii dr. osman sabri k
This document provides an overview of neo-realism and the Cold War. It discusses key assumptions of neo-realism including that states operate in an anarchic international system and seek to ensure their own security. During the Cold War, the US and USSR emerged as superpowers with opposing ideologies, leading to tensions and proxy wars as each sought to prevent the spread of the other's influence. The document outlines major events and instruments of the Cold War such as the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, and Cuban Missile Crisis.
The cold war era
The cold War Era chapter 1 class 12 Political Science
Expiation of this chapter is too good to understand by this PPT
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Ch 22.2 Origins of the Cold War
After WWII, Europe was divided between the Western-aligned countries supported by the US and the Eastern bloc led by the Soviet Union. This division marked the beginning of the Cold War.
The US established programs like the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan to contain the spread of communism and support democratic countries with economic and military aid. In response, the Soviet Union tightened its control over Eastern Europe and established organizations like Cominform.
Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact were formed as military alliances with the US and USSR respectively. NATO provided protection for Western nations while the Warsaw Pact allied Eastern countries with the Soviet Union. This cemented the military divisions in Europe between the two sides.
7S7ZB5pUKOghL0TM681.pptx
Communism originated as an idea in ancient Greece that called for shared work and equal pay. It gained traction during the Industrial Revolution as inequality increased between social classes. The goal of communism was to eliminate social classes and ensure fairness for all, though this was never fully achieved. Tensions arose in the 20th century as the Soviet Union expanded communist governments and came into conflict with the United States, leading to the Cold War. Hollywood stars were also accused of being communists during this time.
Cold War Notes
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies from 1945 to 1991. This period saw an arms race, proxy wars, and the establishment of military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact. In the late 1980s, reforms under Gorbachev led to openness and democracy in the Soviet Union, eventually causing its collapse and the end of the Cold War.
The cold war
The Cold War lasted from 1945-1991 between the United States and the Soviet Union. During this time, communism spread to countries like Russia, China, Korea, and Cuba. The two superpowers engaged in proxy wars and an arms race without direct conflict. Key events included the Berlin Blockade, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War. Technological developments in weapons and space further escalated tensions until the Soviet Union collapsed in the late 1980s.
cold-war.pdf
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and its allies on one side and the United States and its allies on the other following World War II. This ideological conflict between communism and capitalism was expressed through military coalitions, arms races, proxy wars and espionage. Key events included the Berlin Blockade, the Space Race, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, which brought the two sides close to nuclear war. The Cold War ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union due to economic and political pressures.
Us cold war0
The Cold War document provides an overview of major political, cultural, and economic developments during the Cold War period between the United States and USSR from 1945 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It discusses the division of Europe after WWII, the Marshall Plan and NATO alliance, nuclear arms race and space race, conflicts in Vietnam and the Middle East, rise of McCarthyism, and eventual collapse of the Soviet bloc.
The cold war
The document provides an overview of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. It discusses how communism spread after World War 2 and the tensions that arose. Key events of the Cold War included the Berlin Blockade, NATO and Warsaw Pact alliances, the Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and arms race between the two superpowers. The Soviet Union's economy struggled to keep up militarily and politically with the US, leading to its fall in the late 1980s.
Makalah bahasa inggris perang dingin
The Cold War began in 1947 after World War II as tensions grew between the United States and its Western allies and the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies. Over several decades, the two superpowers competed for power and influence around the world through proxy wars, arms races, and propaganda. While direct military conflict was avoided, the Cold War had wide-ranging impacts, including the division of Germany and Korea, dictatorships in Latin America, and the space race. It ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Makalah bahasa inggris perang dingin
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension and military buildup between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies from 1947 to 1991. Though they never engaged in direct military conflict, the two superpowers competed for power and influence around the world through espionage, propaganda, arms development, and proxy wars. This rivalry divided Europe between capitalist and communist countries and had wide-ranging global effects. While tensions eased somewhat from 1969-1979 through détente policies, the ideological differences and military buildup that characterized the earlier Cold War continued to influence international relations throughout the latter half of the 20th century until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.
Makalah bahasa inggris perang dingin
The Cold War began in 1947 after World War II as tensions grew between the United States and its Western allies and the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies. Over several decades, the two superpowers competed for power and influence around the world through proxy wars, arms races, and propaganda. While direct military conflict was avoided, the Cold War had wide-ranging political, economic, and social impacts globally and led to conflicts like the Korean and Vietnam Wars. It ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union and emergence of the United States as the world's sole superpower.
Trevor Gumbi: The Cold War
This document provides an overview of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union. It discusses the competing ideological systems and military alliances between the two superpowers. Key events that defined the Cold War included the Yalta Conference, the Berlin Airlift, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War. Propaganda and threats of military force were tools both sides used to gain influence and spread their ideological systems during the Cold War standoff.
Cold War 1945 1960
After WWII, tensions grew between the US and USSR as they emerged as rival superpowers. The USSR set up communist governments in Eastern Europe and cut off access to West Berlin, leading to the Berlin Airlift. NATO and the Warsaw Pact were formed as military alliances. During this time, fears of communism spread in the US through events like the Hollywood blacklist and trials of accused spies like the Rosenbergs. The development of nuclear weapons by both sides increased tensions further in an arms race and space race throughout the 1950s.
HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - USA CONTAINING COMMUNISM: INTRO...
The document discusses the United States' policy of containment to stop the spread of communism from the 1950s to the 1970s. It provides context on the Cold War between the US and USSR and highlights three key events - the Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War - where different containment methods were used. A timeline is also given on important events and leadership changes between the two superpowers from 1950 to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
2.cold war
The Cold War developed between the United States and Soviet Union after World War II and lasted until the late 1980s. It began due to tensions over differing ideologies of capitalism and communism. The relationship fluctuated between periods of confrontation and détente, with tensions heightened during times like the Cuban Missile Crisis. Interpretations differ on who was primarily responsible for starting the Cold War.
communism-140109082228-phpapp01.pdf
Communism originated from ideas proposed in ancient Greece advocating for shared work and equal pay. It grew out of dissatisfaction with wealth inequality exacerbated by the Industrial Revolution. The goal of communism was to eliminate social classes and ensure fairness for all by distributing resources commonly. A prominent communist state was the Soviet Union (USSR), formed in 1922, which aimed to spread communist governments but faced tensions with the United States, leading to the Cold War period of international conflict and hostility between the two superpowers.
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The Cold War Era, World War, World Politics, Project, PPT, PowerPoint present...
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Int 463 international relations part ii dr. osman sabri k
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HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - USA CONTAINING COMMUNISM: INTRO...
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Nwico & cold war
- 1. NWICO & Cold War; IC at the End of the Cold War by Asif Arshad
- 2. Cold War Origin of the term Cold War First time in 1947, Bernard Baruch, advisor to President Woodrow Wilson used the Term Cold War to describe the increasingly chilly relations between United States and Soviet Union.
- 3. Emergence of Uncle Sam as an undefeated international power after world war 2nd “Little boy” and “Fat Man” was dropped on two Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively in 1945
- 4. Bipolar System: Dividend of the world into two blocs USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic) was leading Eastern bloc following Marxist policy under which public ownership of property, free-market policy and free press were prohibited. The USA and its allies were supervising Western blocks supporting capitalist system.
- 5. Nonaligned Movement: UNBIASED COUNTRIES NAM established in 1961 in Belgrade; Pakistan joined NAM in 1979. Some countries were present who remained successful in keeping themselves away from the conflicts of these two blocks. NAM (Non-allied movement) was established in 1961 in Belgrade Conference by these impartial countries.
- 6. NWICO (New World Information & Communication Order) The New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO, NWIO or the MacBride Commission) is a term that was coined in a debate over media representations of the developing world in UNESCO in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
- 7. MacBride Commission at a glance MacBride commission was chaired by Sean MacBride, an Irish Noble Laureate.It comprised 16 members ofdifferent countries. The commissiongave itselaboratereport in1981. Thisreport wastitled“Many Voices, One World”. The 'new order' plan was textually formulated by Tunisia's Information Minister Mustapha Masmoudi. Masmoudi submitted working paper No. 31 to the MacBride Commission. These proposalsof1978 were titledthe “Mass Media Declaration”.
- 8. Why MacBride Commission was established? NAM members and all countries who hadn’t attached itself with Eastern or Western blocks were having reservations about International media coverage. Earlier, Father of Communication Wilbur Schramm had raised this issue in 1963. NAM members believed that global media was giving attention and exclusive coverage only to those issues which are directly linked with the interests of imperialist states. On the request of third world countries who protested against the dominant flow of news from the industrialized countries, UNESCO (United Nation Education Scientific and Cultural Organization) formed a commission to probe facts in the late of 1970’s.
- 9. Final Report of Commission: NWICO After observing the role of global media critically and realistically, the commission suggested a new world information and communication ordered. The commission recommended that All languages should be adequately developed to serve modern communication. Strong national news agencies are vital for improving each country’s national reporting. All countries should take steps to assure admittance of foreign correspondents, facilitate their collection and transmission of news. MacBride Commission criticized the excessive role of advertisement and emphasized to treat this issue following code of conduct. International media must give proper coverage to the issues of third world countries without distorting facts.
- 10. IC after Cold War Role of Vibrant media especially social media in Global Village Islamophobia Conclusion Global Media must follow recommendations of MacBride Commission. It must adopt the way of impartial and factual reporting and give reasonable coverage to the real issues of third world countries. Media practitioners must promote dialogue between civilization rather than adopting theory of Samuel P. Huntington that forecasts clash between civilization.
- 11. Thank You