The meter bridge is an instrument used to measure unknown resistances based on the Wheatstone bridge principle. It consists of a 1 meter long wire of uniform cross-section attached to a wooden block, along with metal strips, a galvanometer, and a movable contact point called a jockey stick. To measure an unknown resistance, the meter bridge circuit is balanced by sliding the jockey stick along the wire until a null point is detected by the galvanometer. Using the length at the balance point, the formula R=X(l/(100-l)) can be used to calculate the unknown resistance R based on the known standard resistance X.
There are 4 pillars that make up the foundation of Electricity & Magnetism:
1) Gauss' Law (Electricity), which states that the electric field through a closed surface is proportional to the enclosed charge.
2) Gauss' Law (Magnetism), 3) Faraday's Law of Induction, and 4) Ampere's Law. Gauss' Law for electricity, proposed by Carl Friedrich Gauss, relates the total electric flux through a closed surface to the electric charge enclosed by the surface.
The document describes an experiment to verify Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) using a circuit with resistors and a power supply. The experiment involves measuring voltages and currents at different resistor values and comparing the results to theoretical calculations based on KVL. Small differences between measured and calculated values are observed, which are attributed to measurement errors. The results confirm that KVL accurately describes the voltage relationships in the circuit.
The document describes electric potential and how it relates to electric potential energy and electric field. It defines electric potential (V) as the electric potential energy per unit charge at a point. V is a scalar quantity. The potential difference between two points is equal to the work done by the electric field to move a test charge between the points. Equipotential surfaces connect all points of equal potential. The potential due to a point charge or group of point charges can be calculated using equations provided.
- Electric charge exists in two types, positive and negative, and is quantized in units of the elementary charge e. Charges of the same type repel, while opposite charges attract.
- Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge exerted on a test charge at some point, and can be used to determine the force on any charge. Electric fields from multiple sources add through superposition.
The meter bridge is an instrument used to measure unknown resistances based on the Wheatstone bridge principle. It consists of a 1 meter long wire of uniform cross-section attached to a wooden block, along with metal strips, a galvanometer, and a movable contact point called a jockey stick. To measure an unknown resistance, the meter bridge circuit is balanced by sliding the jockey stick along the wire until a null point is detected by the galvanometer. Using the length at the balance point, the formula R=X(l/(100-l)) can be used to calculate the unknown resistance R based on the known standard resistance X.
There are 4 pillars that make up the foundation of Electricity & Magnetism:
1) Gauss' Law (Electricity), which states that the electric field through a closed surface is proportional to the enclosed charge.
2) Gauss' Law (Magnetism), 3) Faraday's Law of Induction, and 4) Ampere's Law. Gauss' Law for electricity, proposed by Carl Friedrich Gauss, relates the total electric flux through a closed surface to the electric charge enclosed by the surface.
The document describes an experiment to verify Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) using a circuit with resistors and a power supply. The experiment involves measuring voltages and currents at different resistor values and comparing the results to theoretical calculations based on KVL. Small differences between measured and calculated values are observed, which are attributed to measurement errors. The results confirm that KVL accurately describes the voltage relationships in the circuit.
The document describes electric potential and how it relates to electric potential energy and electric field. It defines electric potential (V) as the electric potential energy per unit charge at a point. V is a scalar quantity. The potential difference between two points is equal to the work done by the electric field to move a test charge between the points. Equipotential surfaces connect all points of equal potential. The potential due to a point charge or group of point charges can be calculated using equations provided.
- Electric charge exists in two types, positive and negative, and is quantized in units of the elementary charge e. Charges of the same type repel, while opposite charges attract.
- Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge exerted on a test charge at some point, and can be used to determine the force on any charge. Electric fields from multiple sources add through superposition.
Powerpoint presentation about lenz's lawrdelizoneyou
Lenz's law states that (1) an induced current will flow in a closed conducting loop when the magnetic flux through the loop changes, and (2) the direction of this induced current will be such that it creates its own magnetic field opposing the original change in flux. (3) Examples are given demonstrating how an induced current in a coil will flow in a direction opposing the motion of a magnet moving in or out of the coil.
Karthik Premanand completed a physics project on electromagnetic induction. The project aimed to demonstrate Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction using a copper wire wound around an iron rod and a strong magnet. The document provides background on electromagnetic induction, including its discovery by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry. It also explains Faraday's law, defining concepts like magnetic flux and deriving the equation that quantifies the law. The conclusion summarizes that Faraday's law relates an induced electric potential to a changing magnetic field and describes its widespread applications.
This document discusses electromagnetic induction and Faraday's law. It explains that magnetic fields have flux lines that run from the North to South pole of a magnet. The flux Φ is calculated as BA sinθ and represents the strength of the magnetic field times the area it passes through. Faraday's law states that an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in a conductor when it passes through a changing magnetic flux. The EMF is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux linkage over time. For a coil of N turns, the EMF induced is equal to -N * (change in flux linkage over time).
This document provides an introduction to the magnetic effects of electric current. It discusses:
1. Oersted's experiment in 1820 which established that electric current produces a magnetic field. When a current-carrying wire is placed near a magnetic compass needle, the needle deflects perpendicular to both the current and the needle.
2. Several rules for determining the direction of magnetic fields produced by currents, including Ampere's swimming rule, Maxwell's corkscrew rule, and the right hand thumb rule.
3. Key properties of magnets such as their attraction/repulsion behavior and the representation of magnetic field lines. Magnetic fields are produced not just by magnets but also by any moving electric charge
1. Self induction is the phenomenon where an induced electromotive force (emf) is generated in a circuit or coil due to a change in the current flowing through it.
2. The property of a coil that enables it to produce an opposing induced emf when the current changes is called self induction.
3. The coefficient of self induction, also called self inductance, is a measure of the amount of self induction and is equal to the magnetic flux linked with the coil when a current of 1 ampere flows through it.
This document summarizes key concepts from a physics textbook chapter on Gauss's law and electric flux. It includes:
1) An introduction to electric charge, flux, and Gauss's law, including three cases where the net flux through a closed surface is zero.
2) Examples of how doubling the enclosed charge doubles the flux, while doubling the box size does not change flux.
3) How to calculate electric flux, analogous to fluid flow rate, and an example involving the flux of water through a basking shark's mouth.
4) Applications of Gauss's law, including deriving the electric field of a point charge and a uniformly charged sphere.
1. The document discusses electric fields created by point charges and electric dipoles. It defines electric field strength and describes how electric field strength is calculated for point charges and dipoles.
2. Key properties of electric field lines are outlined, including that they emanate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges.
3. Formulas are given for calculating the torque and work done on an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field. The dipole will experience a torque causing it to rotate into alignment with the field.
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force usually exhibits electromagnetic fields such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and light, and is one of the four fundamental interactions (commonly called forces) in nature. The other three fundamental interactions are the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation.[1] At high energy the weak force and electromagnetic force are unified as a single electroweak force.
The document discusses Thevenin's theorem and how to use it to analyze linear circuits. It states that any linear circuit can be reduced to a single voltage source Vth in series with a single resistance Rth. It provides the steps to calculate Vth and Rth for a given circuit by opening current sources and shorting voltage sources. An example problem demonstrates finding the Thevenin equivalent circuit for a given network and then using it to determine the load current and voltage. Practical applications of Thevenin's theorem include analyzing overloaded voltage sources. Limitations include it only being valid for the linear operating range of the original circuit.
This document discusses the properties and behavior of electric field lines. It explains that electric field lines originate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges or infinity. The density of electric field lines indicates the magnitude of the electric field - more closely spaced lines correspond to a stronger field. Electric field lines do not intersect and their number is proportional to the magnitude of the associated charge. The document uses diagrams of electric field lines for single and multiple point charges to illustrate these properties.
The superposition theorem allows engineers to solve for unknown voltages and currents in circuits with multiple sources. It states that the total response of a linear system to excitations is the sum of the responses that would occur due to each excitation individually. To use the theorem, each source is solved for separately while replacing other sources with their open or short circuit equivalents. The individual solutions are then combined through algebraic addition or subtraction to obtain the total solution. The document provides examples demonstrating how to use the superposition theorem to solve for branch currents in circuits with both voltage and current sources.
This presentation introduces Thevenin's theorem. It will define and explain the theorem, provide an example circuit, and show how to calculate the equivalent Thevenin resistance and voltage source. The presentation is given by two students, Ashaduzzaman kanon and Syed Ashraful Alam, and includes an agenda, definition of the theorem, example circuit calculations, and references.
1) A PN junction diode allows large numbers of electrons and holes to flow under forward bias when the depletion region collapses. Under reverse bias, it acts as an open switch that blocks most carrier flow.
2) When a PN junction forms, electrons diffuse from the N to P region, leaving positive ions in the N region and negative ions in the P region. This forms the depletion region that sets up an electric field.
3) A diode's V-I characteristic shows large forward current above the knee voltage but small reverse saturation current below the breakdown voltage, with the ideal diode approximated as a closed switch above and open below the knee voltage.
Powerpoint presentation about lenz's lawrdelizoneyou
Lenz's law states that (1) an induced current will flow in a closed conducting loop when the magnetic flux through the loop changes, and (2) the direction of this induced current will be such that it creates its own magnetic field opposing the original change in flux. (3) Examples are given demonstrating how an induced current in a coil will flow in a direction opposing the motion of a magnet moving in or out of the coil.
Karthik Premanand completed a physics project on electromagnetic induction. The project aimed to demonstrate Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction using a copper wire wound around an iron rod and a strong magnet. The document provides background on electromagnetic induction, including its discovery by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry. It also explains Faraday's law, defining concepts like magnetic flux and deriving the equation that quantifies the law. The conclusion summarizes that Faraday's law relates an induced electric potential to a changing magnetic field and describes its widespread applications.
This document discusses electromagnetic induction and Faraday's law. It explains that magnetic fields have flux lines that run from the North to South pole of a magnet. The flux Φ is calculated as BA sinθ and represents the strength of the magnetic field times the area it passes through. Faraday's law states that an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in a conductor when it passes through a changing magnetic flux. The EMF is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux linkage over time. For a coil of N turns, the EMF induced is equal to -N * (change in flux linkage over time).
This document provides an introduction to the magnetic effects of electric current. It discusses:
1. Oersted's experiment in 1820 which established that electric current produces a magnetic field. When a current-carrying wire is placed near a magnetic compass needle, the needle deflects perpendicular to both the current and the needle.
2. Several rules for determining the direction of magnetic fields produced by currents, including Ampere's swimming rule, Maxwell's corkscrew rule, and the right hand thumb rule.
3. Key properties of magnets such as their attraction/repulsion behavior and the representation of magnetic field lines. Magnetic fields are produced not just by magnets but also by any moving electric charge
1. Self induction is the phenomenon where an induced electromotive force (emf) is generated in a circuit or coil due to a change in the current flowing through it.
2. The property of a coil that enables it to produce an opposing induced emf when the current changes is called self induction.
3. The coefficient of self induction, also called self inductance, is a measure of the amount of self induction and is equal to the magnetic flux linked with the coil when a current of 1 ampere flows through it.
This document summarizes key concepts from a physics textbook chapter on Gauss's law and electric flux. It includes:
1) An introduction to electric charge, flux, and Gauss's law, including three cases where the net flux through a closed surface is zero.
2) Examples of how doubling the enclosed charge doubles the flux, while doubling the box size does not change flux.
3) How to calculate electric flux, analogous to fluid flow rate, and an example involving the flux of water through a basking shark's mouth.
4) Applications of Gauss's law, including deriving the electric field of a point charge and a uniformly charged sphere.
1. The document discusses electric fields created by point charges and electric dipoles. It defines electric field strength and describes how electric field strength is calculated for point charges and dipoles.
2. Key properties of electric field lines are outlined, including that they emanate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges.
3. Formulas are given for calculating the torque and work done on an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field. The dipole will experience a torque causing it to rotate into alignment with the field.
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force usually exhibits electromagnetic fields such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and light, and is one of the four fundamental interactions (commonly called forces) in nature. The other three fundamental interactions are the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation.[1] At high energy the weak force and electromagnetic force are unified as a single electroweak force.
The document discusses Thevenin's theorem and how to use it to analyze linear circuits. It states that any linear circuit can be reduced to a single voltage source Vth in series with a single resistance Rth. It provides the steps to calculate Vth and Rth for a given circuit by opening current sources and shorting voltage sources. An example problem demonstrates finding the Thevenin equivalent circuit for a given network and then using it to determine the load current and voltage. Practical applications of Thevenin's theorem include analyzing overloaded voltage sources. Limitations include it only being valid for the linear operating range of the original circuit.
This document discusses the properties and behavior of electric field lines. It explains that electric field lines originate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges or infinity. The density of electric field lines indicates the magnitude of the electric field - more closely spaced lines correspond to a stronger field. Electric field lines do not intersect and their number is proportional to the magnitude of the associated charge. The document uses diagrams of electric field lines for single and multiple point charges to illustrate these properties.
The superposition theorem allows engineers to solve for unknown voltages and currents in circuits with multiple sources. It states that the total response of a linear system to excitations is the sum of the responses that would occur due to each excitation individually. To use the theorem, each source is solved for separately while replacing other sources with their open or short circuit equivalents. The individual solutions are then combined through algebraic addition or subtraction to obtain the total solution. The document provides examples demonstrating how to use the superposition theorem to solve for branch currents in circuits with both voltage and current sources.
This presentation introduces Thevenin's theorem. It will define and explain the theorem, provide an example circuit, and show how to calculate the equivalent Thevenin resistance and voltage source. The presentation is given by two students, Ashaduzzaman kanon and Syed Ashraful Alam, and includes an agenda, definition of the theorem, example circuit calculations, and references.
1) A PN junction diode allows large numbers of electrons and holes to flow under forward bias when the depletion region collapses. Under reverse bias, it acts as an open switch that blocks most carrier flow.
2) When a PN junction forms, electrons diffuse from the N to P region, leaving positive ions in the N region and negative ions in the P region. This forms the depletion region that sets up an electric field.
3) A diode's V-I characteristic shows large forward current above the knee voltage but small reverse saturation current below the breakdown voltage, with the ideal diode approximated as a closed switch above and open below the knee voltage.
Deze presentatie gaat over enkele eenvoudige experimenten met elektriciteit bv. een lampje laten branden door een stroomkring te bouwen, een schakelaar bouwen, geleider of isolator, ...
Er wordt ook aandacht gevraagd om zuinig om te springen met energie.
How to Make Awesome SlideShares: Tips & TricksSlideShare
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5. 4.1 Elektromagneten
Magneet:
kracht op andere magneet en op
ferromagnetische stoffen (vb. ijzer)
Magnetisch veld rond een magneet
Magneetpolen: N en Z
Voorbeelden:
staafmagneet, aarde, kompas.
22. 4.2 De elektromagnetische krachtwerking
• magneten oefenen kracht uit op elkaar.
• stroom (= bewegende lading) creëert een
magnetisch veld.
magneten oefenen kracht uit op stroom (draden)
23. 4.2 De elektromagnetische krachtwerking
• Kracht veroorzaakt beweging.
• Toepassingen:
TV / beeldbuis
24. 4.2 De elektromagnetische krachtwerking
• Kracht veroorzaakt beweging.
• Toepassingen:
TV / beeldbuis
luidspreker