Electriciteit
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Experimenteren met elektriciteit
Deze presentatie gaat over enkele eenvoudige experimenten met elektriciteit bv. een lampje laten branden door een stroomkring te bouwen, een schakelaar bouwen, geleider of isolator, ...
Er wordt ook aandacht gevraagd om zuinig om te springen met energie.
Economic load dispatch
The document discusses economic load dispatch (ELD) in power systems, which involves optimally allocating generation across different generating units. It covers topics like unit commitment, methods of generation scheduling such as incremental loading, modeling generator heat rate and cost curves, and formulations for ELD with and without transmission losses. The objective is to minimize total fuel costs while satisfying demand and unit constraints. Dynamic programming results for an example ELD problem are also presented.
Sub stations-air insulated substations
this ppt gives u a clear idea about substations ..there are two types of substation
1) air insulated substations
2) gas insulated substations
this ppt is about air insulated substations and gas insulated substations
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Electric power calculations
This document provides an overview of electric power calculations presented by K. James Phillips Jr. at the Rocky Mountain Electrical League. It covers topics such as per phase analysis, short circuit calculations, per unit calculations, and harmonics. Short circuit calculations are used to predict outcomes and ensure equipment can withstand faults without damage. Harmonics from non-linear loads can cause issues like capacitor failure, overheating, and interference. Power factor correction capacitors are added to counter system inductance but their interaction can cause resonance.
Attenuation and surge impedance loading
- Attenuation refers to the loss of signal strength that occurs along transmission lines and is measured in decibels per kilometer. It is influenced by factors like line construction, frequency, weather conditions, and faults.
- The attenuation constant α determines the exponential decrease in amplitude per unit length of the line. The phase constant β determines the linear change in phase per unit length.
- Surge impedance is the characteristic impedance of a lossless line and is a measure of the maximum power that can be delivered by the line at unity power factor, known as surge impedance loading. It can be increased by raising voltages or decreasing the surge impedance through series and shunt capacitors.
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Experimenteren met elektriciteit
Deze presentatie gaat over enkele eenvoudige experimenten met elektriciteit bv. een lampje laten branden door een stroomkring te bouwen, een schakelaar bouwen, geleider of isolator, ...
Er wordt ook aandacht gevraagd om zuinig om te springen met energie.
Economic load dispatch
The document discusses economic load dispatch (ELD) in power systems, which involves optimally allocating generation across different generating units. It covers topics like unit commitment, methods of generation scheduling such as incremental loading, modeling generator heat rate and cost curves, and formulations for ELD with and without transmission losses. The objective is to minimize total fuel costs while satisfying demand and unit constraints. Dynamic programming results for an example ELD problem are also presented.
Sub stations-air insulated substations
this ppt gives u a clear idea about substations ..there are two types of substation
1) air insulated substations
2) gas insulated substations
this ppt is about air insulated substations and gas insulated substations
Rifasamento Elettrico Industriale
Opportunità di efficientamento energetico
Normativa, casi pratici e incentivi.
HVDC
HVDC (high-voltage direct current) is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications.
Electric power calculations
This document provides an overview of electric power calculations presented by K. James Phillips Jr. at the Rocky Mountain Electrical League. It covers topics such as per phase analysis, short circuit calculations, per unit calculations, and harmonics. Short circuit calculations are used to predict outcomes and ensure equipment can withstand faults without damage. Harmonics from non-linear loads can cause issues like capacitor failure, overheating, and interference. Power factor correction capacitors are added to counter system inductance but their interaction can cause resonance.
Attenuation and surge impedance loading
- Attenuation refers to the loss of signal strength that occurs along transmission lines and is measured in decibels per kilometer. It is influenced by factors like line construction, frequency, weather conditions, and faults.
- The attenuation constant α determines the exponential decrease in amplitude per unit length of the line. The phase constant β determines the linear change in phase per unit length.
- Surge impedance is the characteristic impedance of a lossless line and is a measure of the maximum power that can be delivered by the line at unity power factor, known as surge impedance loading. It can be increased by raising voltages or decreasing the surge impedance through series and shunt capacitors.
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- The RDSS scheme was launched on July 20, 2021 with a duration of 5 years and total value of Rs. 19,738.95 crore for WBSEDCL.
- Funding will come from various sources including the Government of India, Government of West Bengal, and Asian Development Bank.
- The scheme aims to improve power supply and reduce losses through infrastructure works like installing smart meters, upgrading substations, deploying electric vehicle charging stations, and replacing overhead lines.
Surge Protection
This document provides an overview of surge protection and transient surges. It defines a transient surge as a brief high-voltage spike lasting millionths of a second. The document discusses how surges can damage equipment and cost businesses billions annually. It describes how surge protective devices (SPDs) work by diverting damaging currents away from equipment. The document emphasizes that proper SPD location and installation is important for effective protection. It provides guidance on selecting appropriate protection levels based on surge risk and discusses relevant industry codes and standards.
Lightning protection guide e
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This document is a summer training report submitted by Anuj Bansal describing their training at the 400kV substation in Mottiram Adda, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. The report provides details about the electrical equipment at the substation including transformers, cooling fans, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arresters, relays, capacitor voltage transformers, current transformers, the battery room, control room, and single line diagram. It also lists references used in preparing the report.
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complete description of devices used in power system protection
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All the basic substation / switch-yard equipment s their installation, working etc is described in this pdf file.
Presentation on substations
A substation receives power transmitted at high voltage from a generating station and transforms the voltage to a level appropriate for local use. It consists of transformers, switches, circuit breakers and other equipment to step up or step down voltages. Typical components include busbars to carry current, disconnectors and circuit breakers to connect and disconnect circuits, current and voltage transformers to detect and transform measurements, earthing switches for safety, and surge arrestors to protect from surges. Substations can be classified by their function, such as transformer or industrial substations, or by their control method, such as manual, automatic or supervisory control.
Security analysis black and white 2007
The document discusses power system security, which includes maintaining reliability and preventing contingencies from causing violations. It is broken into three main functions: system monitoring, contingency analysis, and security constrained optimal power flow. Contingency analysis models different outages to operate the system defensively. Security constrained optimal power flow seeks optimal dispatches to prevent violations from any contingencies. The document defines different system states like normal, alert, emergency and explains control actions taken to transition between states or restore the system.
substation protection basics.ppt
The document provides an overview of substation protection basics. It discusses why protection is needed to detect faults and isolate faulty equipment. The main types of faults are described along with the causes of insulation failures. The types of protection principles covered include overcurrent, differential, pilot wire, and distance protection. Key elements of a protection scheme like circuit breakers, relays, batteries, and transformers are also mentioned.
Power systems İntroduction
This document summarizes key aspects of power systems, including generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. It outlines different types of power generation including fossil fuels, hydroelectric, nuclear, and renewables. It also describes the basic structure of the electric grid from high voltage transmission lines to lower voltage distribution lines. Additionally, it covers basic power analysis concepts in AC and DC systems including active and reactive power, apparent power, and power calculations for single and three phase systems connected in wye and delta configurations.
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More and more, as utilities face decreasing margin between system load and system capacity, they are in need of innovative smart grid solutions that can help them effectively disperse and store energy and manage load to meet resource requirements. Many are incorporating Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to help fill the gap while, at the same time, meet requirements for reduced emissions and energy independence; these utilities will require the capability to accurately forecast and control DER contribution to the network, to assure security and grid reliability.
Advanced smart grid software designed to support DER management and optimize grid operations and planning works with a real-time network model, based on an accurate geodatabase and incorporating data from operational systems such as a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and outage management system (OMS). Along with real-time visualization and monitoring of network status, this Advanced Distribution Management System – ADMS – provides a host of analytical tools that recommend the most optimal device operations, or optionally automate device operations, to maximize network efficiency and reliability. For example, the utility can apply Volt/VAR control to reduce feeder voltage automatically with no effect on the consumer. Detailed load profiling and load forecasting based on integrated weather feeds yield network load forecasting for effective renewables integration. Network simulation helps forecast medium-term and long-term load and supports effective development and planning.
ADMS functionality and tools are demonstrating that utilities can effectively manage demand without building large-scale generation.
Active_Power_Filter
This document defines power quality and current harmonics. It discusses passive filters and active power filters, including voltage sourced and current sourced active power filters. Active power filters are compared to passive filters, noting active filters' advantages in eliminating any harmonics without tuning, but their higher cost and complexity. The document concludes by describing the Denizli-2 active power filter application in Turkey, which uses a current sourced converter design to filter 5th harmonics at a 5 MVA installation.
Motor protection
The document discusses motor protection and motor control centers. It provides details on sizing conductors that supply single and multiple motors, sizing overload protection devices based on motor nameplate ratings, and protecting motors from short circuits and ground faults. It also describes the components, construction, and wiring classifications of motor control centers, which are used to control and provide protection for motors and connecting cables.
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[2] The systems will consist of solar panels, batteries, and chargers to power lights for 2-3 days without electricity. Additional products like LED lights and floodlights will also be offered.
[3] Green Co sees an opportunity in Pakistan's abundant sunlight and plans to market customized solar solutions to households, businesses for signage/billboards, and event planners to help overcome the country's energy shortage.
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Transient overvoltages and currents: lightning surges
The second of a series of application notes on transient overvoltages and transient currents in AC power systems and customer installations.
R01.RDSS-PPT _Ver-1.0 (28.04.23) New (1).pptx
The document outlines details of the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) in West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL) Project-II. Key points include:
- The RDSS scheme was launched on July 20, 2021 with a duration of 5 years and total value of Rs. 19,738.95 crore for WBSEDCL.
- Funding will come from various sources including the Government of India, Government of West Bengal, and Asian Development Bank.
- The scheme aims to improve power supply and reduce losses through infrastructure works like installing smart meters, upgrading substations, deploying electric vehicle charging stations, and replacing overhead lines.
Surge Protection
This document provides an overview of surge protection and transient surges. It defines a transient surge as a brief high-voltage spike lasting millionths of a second. The document discusses how surges can damage equipment and cost businesses billions annually. It describes how surge protective devices (SPDs) work by diverting damaging currents away from equipment. The document emphasizes that proper SPD location and installation is important for effective protection. It provides guidance on selecting appropriate protection levels based on surge risk and discusses relevant industry codes and standards.
Lightning protection guide e
This document is a guide for lightning protection systems published by DEHN + SÖHNE. It summarizes the new International Lightning Protection Standards IEC 62305 published in 2006 which provide requirements for lightning protection of structures. The guide covers key topics for designing, installing and inspecting lightning protection systems including: characteristics of lightning currents, assessing risk to determine necessary protection levels, types of air termination systems for different roof configurations, and inspection and maintenance of installed systems.
Informe final 4
Este documento presenta un informe sobre el uso del osciloscopio como voltímetro y frecuencímetro. Describe las funciones principales del osciloscopio, como medir voltaje, frecuencia, fase y ruido de señales eléctricas. También explica cómo se usa el osciloscopio en diversas aplicaciones como ingeniería eléctrica, electrónica, medicina y más. Finalmente, analiza factores como la influencia de la frecuencia en las mediciones, limitaciones de frecuencia del osciloscopio y errores en la forma de onda de
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The document discusses financial modelling frameworks for offshore wind farm project finance. It covers setting up project assumptions, evaluating projects financially using income statements, cash flow statements and metrics like IRR, NPV, and WACC. It also discusses calculating the cost of equity and debt, debt size, debt service coverage ratios, and debt to equity ratios. The key points are that financial modelling is important for project negotiation and analysis, and metrics like net capacity factor, revenue risk, and ensuring project revenue exceeds costs like debt service and operating expenses are crucial to determining a project's viability.
Madan mohan malaviya
This document is a summer training report submitted by Anuj Bansal describing their training at the 400kV substation in Mottiram Adda, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. The report provides details about the electrical equipment at the substation including transformers, cooling fans, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arresters, relays, capacitor voltage transformers, current transformers, the battery room, control room, and single line diagram. It also lists references used in preparing the report.
Power system protection devices
complete description of devices used in power system protection
such as circuit breakers, relays , ct, pt, dc supply system and other devices
Switchyard design overview
All the basic substation / switch-yard equipment s their installation, working etc is described in this pdf file.
Presentation on substations
A substation receives power transmitted at high voltage from a generating station and transforms the voltage to a level appropriate for local use. It consists of transformers, switches, circuit breakers and other equipment to step up or step down voltages. Typical components include busbars to carry current, disconnectors and circuit breakers to connect and disconnect circuits, current and voltage transformers to detect and transform measurements, earthing switches for safety, and surge arrestors to protect from surges. Substations can be classified by their function, such as transformer or industrial substations, or by their control method, such as manual, automatic or supervisory control.
Security analysis black and white 2007
The document discusses power system security, which includes maintaining reliability and preventing contingencies from causing violations. It is broken into three main functions: system monitoring, contingency analysis, and security constrained optimal power flow. Contingency analysis models different outages to operate the system defensively. Security constrained optimal power flow seeks optimal dispatches to prevent violations from any contingencies. The document defines different system states like normal, alert, emergency and explains control actions taken to transition between states or restore the system.
substation protection basics.ppt
The document provides an overview of substation protection basics. It discusses why protection is needed to detect faults and isolate faulty equipment. The main types of faults are described along with the causes of insulation failures. The types of protection principles covered include overcurrent, differential, pilot wire, and distance protection. Key elements of a protection scheme like circuit breakers, relays, batteries, and transformers are also mentioned.
Power systems İntroduction
This document summarizes key aspects of power systems, including generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. It outlines different types of power generation including fossil fuels, hydroelectric, nuclear, and renewables. It also describes the basic structure of the electric grid from high voltage transmission lines to lower voltage distribution lines. Additionally, it covers basic power analysis concepts in AC and DC systems including active and reactive power, apparent power, and power calculations for single and three phase systems connected in wye and delta configurations.
Preparing for Distributed Energy Resources
More and more, as utilities face decreasing margin between system load and system capacity, they are in need of innovative smart grid solutions that can help them effectively disperse and store energy and manage load to meet resource requirements. Many are incorporating Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to help fill the gap while, at the same time, meet requirements for reduced emissions and energy independence; these utilities will require the capability to accurately forecast and control DER contribution to the network, to assure security and grid reliability.
Advanced smart grid software designed to support DER management and optimize grid operations and planning works with a real-time network model, based on an accurate geodatabase and incorporating data from operational systems such as a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and outage management system (OMS). Along with real-time visualization and monitoring of network status, this Advanced Distribution Management System – ADMS – provides a host of analytical tools that recommend the most optimal device operations, or optionally automate device operations, to maximize network efficiency and reliability. For example, the utility can apply Volt/VAR control to reduce feeder voltage automatically with no effect on the consumer. Detailed load profiling and load forecasting based on integrated weather feeds yield network load forecasting for effective renewables integration. Network simulation helps forecast medium-term and long-term load and supports effective development and planning.
ADMS functionality and tools are demonstrating that utilities can effectively manage demand without building large-scale generation.
Active_Power_Filter
This document defines power quality and current harmonics. It discusses passive filters and active power filters, including voltage sourced and current sourced active power filters. Active power filters are compared to passive filters, noting active filters' advantages in eliminating any harmonics without tuning, but their higher cost and complexity. The document concludes by describing the Denizli-2 active power filter application in Turkey, which uses a current sourced converter design to filter 5th harmonics at a 5 MVA installation.
Motor protection
The document discusses motor protection and motor control centers. It provides details on sizing conductors that supply single and multiple motors, sizing overload protection devices based on motor nameplate ratings, and protecting motors from short circuits and ground faults. It also describes the components, construction, and wiring classifications of motor control centers, which are used to control and provide protection for motors and connecting cables.
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Solar panels business plan (fyp)
The document provides a business plan for a solar panel company in Pakistan called Green Co. The summary is:
[1] Green Co aims to provide cost-effective solar energy solutions to address Pakistan's electricity crisis and high utility bills by importing and selling solar panel systems.
[2] The systems will consist of solar panels, batteries, and chargers to power lights for 2-3 days without electricity. Additional products like LED lights and floodlights will also be offered.
[3] Green Co sees an opportunity in Pakistan's abundant sunlight and plans to market customized solar solutions to households, businesses for signage/billboards, and event planners to help overcome the country's energy shortage.
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Electriciteit
- 2. Elektriciteit is overal ! Dynamo: http://www.schooltv.nl/beeldbank/clip/20030701_elektriciteit01
- 3. Van elektriciteitscentrale tot stopcontact Van centrale naar stopcontact: http://www.schooltv.nl/beeldbank/clip/20030701_elektriciteit02 Elektriciteitscentrale : http://www.schooltv.nl/beeldbank/clip/20051031_energiebronnen01
- 6. TOVEREN MET BALONNNEN! Proef 1
- 7. Proef 2
- 10. Een stroomdraad Een schakelaar Een lampje Stroombron of batterij Symbolen :
- 12. Stroomkring Stroomkring gesloten : http://www.schooltv.nl/beeldbank/clip/20051031_energie01
- 14. Een stroomdraad Een schakelaar Een lampje Stroombron of batterij Symbolen :
- 15. Hoe ontstaat een stroomdraad? http://www.schooltv.nl/beeldbank/clip/20060411_stroomdraad01
- 18. Bezoekje aan de zekeringskast van onze school