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Recommended daily allowances anu
- 1. Anu Bhagat RECOMMENDED DAILYALLOWANCES
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The dietaryreference intake is a system of nutrition recommendations from the institute of medicine of National Academies. • It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances.
- 3. DEFINITION • Recommended DietaryAllowances (RDA) is defined as the nutrients present in the diet which satisfies the daily requirement of nearly all individuals in a population. • Recommended Dietary Allowances are defined as average daily intake of nutrients in sufficient amount to meet the nutrient requirement of maximum, individual of healthy population in particular age, gender, group etc. • The RDA’s are periodically revised by expert group of ICMR. The RDA was revised in 1988 by expert group of Indian council of medical research.
- 4. RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES (RDA) Thisimplies addition of safety factor amount to the estimated requirement tocover • Variationamongindividuals • Lossesduring cooking • Lackof precision in estimatedrequirement RecommendedDietaryAllowances = Requirements + Safetyfactor
- 5. FACTORS WHICH DETERMINES RDA Variationin nutrient requirements Absorption tendency
- 6. 1. VARIATION INNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS • The requirement of various nutrients depends on age, gender of an individual. During infancy and childhood nutrients are required for growth and development. • In adulthood these are calculated in accordance to height, weight and special physiological needs like pregnancy and lactation. • While in old age maintenance is the important function of nutrients.
- 7. 2. ABSORPTION TENDENCY •The amount of nutrients to be consumed also depends on amount which our body easily absorbs. • E.g. Animal proteins are absorbed more than 80% while plant proteins are poorly absorbed. So, RDA are calculated by keeping safe margin.
- 8. FACTORS THAT EFFECTS RDA RDAof an individual depends on many factors like: 1. Age 2. Sex 3. Physical work • Sedentary • Moderate • Hard (Heavy) 4. Physiological stress • Pregnancy • Lactation
- 9. FACTORS THAT EFFECTS RDA •For all the nutrients (except energy) estimates of allowances are arrived at by determining the average. Taking mean requirement of nutrients and adding to it twice the standard deviation of the mean. Requirement = Mean ± 2SD • The value will meet more than 97.5% of the population which is composed of individuals with a satisfactory normal distribution of requirements.
- 10. • ICMR hasdefined well nourished Indian adults who had satisfactory growth during childhood as: I. Reference man II. Reference woman RDA FOR INDIAN NATIONALS
- 11. ICMR’S REFERENCE WOMAN 1. Between20-39 yearsofage 2. Healthy and weighs50kg. 3. May be engaged 8 hours in general household work or in light industry or in anyother moderately activework. 4. 8 hours inbed 5. Spends 4-6 hours sitting or moving around in light activity 6. 2 hours walking or active recreation or household chores.
- 12. ICMR’S REFERENCE MEN 1. between20 – 39 yearsofage 2. weighs 60 kg 3. free from diseaseand physically fit for active work. 4. employed for 8hours 5. 4-6 hours sitting and movingabout 6. 2 hours in walkingor in active recreation or household duties 7. 8 hours in bed
- 13. ICMR’S REFERENCE MEN Scientists haveprescribed RDA for adults, depending on the level of activity of individual. 1.Sedentary workers:Thosewho sit and do work using brain and hands. • Ex:teachers; clerks, typists,officers
- 14. ICMR’S REFERENCE MEN 2.Moderate workers:Works vigorously for a few hours using many parts of the body like hands, feet and muscles. • Ex: postman; mali; maid servant; housewife doing all household work. 3.Heavy workers: Use different parts of body for several hours. • Ex: rickshaw pullers; coolies; workersin mines; sports persons, masons etc.
- 15. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDEDDIETARY ALLOWANCES FOR INDIANS
- 16. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS • Theunit of energy, which has been in use in nutrition for a long time, is Kilocalories (kcal). • Physical Activity Ratio (PAR) is expressed as the ratio of the energy cost of an individual activity per minute to the cost of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) per minute. Energy cost of an activity perminute PhysicalActivity Ratio (PAR)= Energy cost of basal metabolism per minute
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- 20. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS Comparison ofenergy cost of some common daily activities in terms of PAR values Activities Energycostof dailyactivitiesinPAR values Indian data Internationaldata Sitting quietly 1.20 1.25 Standing quietly 1.40 1.33 Sitting at desk 1.30 1.36 Standing +doing lab work 2.0 1.95 Harvesting 3.6 3.5 Hand saw 7.4 7.5 Typing (sitting) 1.58 1.69 Walking 3 MPH 3.71 3.77
- 21. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS Age Energy Requirements(kcal/kg) MaleFemale Children (1-3yrs) 910 830 Children (4-6yrs) 1230 1200 (6-7yrs) 1510 1400 (8-10yrs) 1750 1630 (11-12yrs) 2180 2010 Adolescent (13-15yrs) 2580 2140 (16-18yrs) 3060 2450 Adult male = 2400-3900 kcal/kg Adult Adult Female =1900-3000kcal/kg Pregnant woman = 2200kcal/kg Lactating women = 2600kcal/kg
- 22. PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS Age Protein Requirements (g/kg) 0-6months 2.3 - 1.8 7-12 months 1.8 - 1.5 1-12 yrs. 17 - 41 13-18 55-60 boys/ 55 girls Adult man 55 Adult woman 45 Pregnant woman 55 Lactating Woman 65 Net protein utilization = Varies from 45 - 55 in Indians
- 23. FAT REQUIREMENTS Age Fat Requirements %of total calories Infants 30 Children up to 15yrs. 15 adolescents 15 Adults 10 • 40%or more is associatedwith diseases • Needed for linolenicacid, arachidonic acid, absorption of Vitamin Aand other fatsoluble vitamins.
- 24. IRON REQUIREMENTS Age Iron Requirements mg/kg Infants 1 Childrenup to 12yrs. 15-20 Adolescents 25 boys/ 35 girls Adults 20 man / 30 woman Pregnancy 40 Lactation 30 • It is assumed that 10%offood iron isabsorbed
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