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Nutritional disorders
- 1. Nutritional disorders Presented by MamtaSahurkar Laxminarayan institute of technology, Nagpur Guided by Asst prof. Shital Deshmukh
- 2. Food contains anumber of nutrients. When sufficient quantity of right type of foods are not eaten, many essential nutrients are not available in adequate quantities to the body .The deficiency of these nutrients may lead to various nutritional disorders What are nutritional disorders???
- 3. Why malnutrition occurs??? • Poverty •Eating habits • Lack of availaibility of nutritious food • Increasing urbanization • Overpopulation • Ignorance of relation of food to health
- 4. Overview • PEM Kwashiorkar Marasmus • Mineraldeficiency Anaemia IDD( Goiter and cretinism) • Vitamin deficiency Night blindness Rickets Scurvy • B complex deficiency Beriberi Photophobia Pellagra
- 5. PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION • PEM/PCMrefers to various degrees of disorders caused by inadequate quantity of protein and energy in diet • Symptoms: Loss of weight Development of oedema • Groups affected: children below 5 yrs of age when they are weaned and diet supplements do not supply
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- 8. MARASMUS • Often occursin young children and babies which leads to dehydration and weight loss. Starvation is a form of this disorder • Symptoms: Weight loss Dehydration Chronic diarrhoea Stomach shrinkage • Complicated due to other
- 9. Prevention through dietary management •Primary focus is on eradicating poverty. • Prolonged breast feeding as much as possible but at right stage start feeding supplementary foods. • Make use of locally available vegetable and animal protein foods for feeding the child. • Educate mother and other members of family regarding the correct diet.
- 11. Groups affected :Pregnant woman Infants pre school children from low income group Causes: Inadequate intake of iron and its poor absorption High phytate content of diet which render part of iron Unavailable to the body Losses of iron through sweat ,accidents, child birth Preventive measures: Improvement of dietary habits Supplementation Parasites associated with blood loss should be controlled Fortification
- 12. Iodine deficiency diseases(IDD) • Goiter Goiteris a disease of thyroid gland characterized by enlargement of gland, visible externally as a swelling on the front of the neck .
- 13. Cretinism Condition with severelystunted physical and mental growth
- 14. Night blindness Inability tosee well at night or in poor light.it is impairement of vision ultimately leading to blindness. Groups affected: Children Pregnant women School children Causes: Vitamin A is available only from animal origin Lack of absorption of vitamin A and carotene Attempts: Fortification Oral doses(60000 mcg)
- 15. Rickets • Disorder causedby lack of vitamin D,calcium or phosphate leading to softening and weakening of bones. • Vitamin D helps to control calcium and phosphate levels. • When vitamin D level becomes low in blood they produce hormones that cause the calcium and phosphate to leave the bones
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- 17. • Scurvy isprevented easily by eating plenty of foods high in vitamin C like citrus fruits,spinach and tomatoes. • A course of treatment is to eat lots of vitamin C. • Scurvy can be of negative outcome to the patients if left untreated. Preventive measures
- 18. B complex deficiency B1:Thiamine B2:Riboflavin B3: Niacin B5: Pantothenic acid B6: Pyridoxine B7: Biotin • List of B complex vitamins
- 19. BERIBERI • Caused bydeficiency of thiamine.Mainly in coastal regions of Andhra where rice polished in mills were used • Groups: Baby,Adults who does not secrete enough milk and has little thiamine. Adults: Dry beriberi: Arms and legs wasting away,loosing their sensation Wet beriberi: Swelling of limbs and impaired function of heart.
- 21. Photophobia As a medicalsymptom, photophobia is not a morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure or by presence of actual physical sensitivity of the eyes.It is caused by deficiency of riboflavin.
- 22. PELLAGRA Caused by thedeficiency of niacin.It is a disease which affects skin,gastrointestinal tract and nervous system and at times whole body. Symptoms: (4Ds) • Dermatitis • Diarrhoea • Dementia • Death
- 23. Preventive measures toavoid B complex deficiency • Avoid use of polished cereals • Encourage the use of paraboiled rice in the diet • Eating habits • Switch to eating healthy and nutritious food. • Use of fortified foods. • Avoid ignorance towards health
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