This document discusses malnutrition, its causes, types, and prevention. It defines malnutrition as an imbalance between nutritional needs and intake, leading to disorders. The main types are undernutrition and overnutrition. Causes include insufficient food intake and poor absorption. Consequences are discussed like protein-energy malnutrition conditions Kwashiorkor and Marasmus, as well as disorders from vitamin and mineral deficiencies such as beriberi, pellagra, rickets, and goiter. Prevention strategies covered include education, agriculture, food fortification, and public health programs.

1. Malnutrition and
its Prevention
By Roshni Kumari
Roll no:- A25

2. Introduction
Malnutrition is Defined as the
imbalance between the body’s
need and the intake of nutrients,
which can lead to nutritional
disorder.

3. Introduction
Malnutrition is the condition that
develops when the body does not
get the right amount of vitamins,
minerals and other nutrients
which were needed to maintain
healthy tissues and organ
function.
So, Intake of Nutrients in proper
amount is Needed.

4. Malnutriton is divided into two main types:-
● Under-nutrition
● Over-nutrition
In under-nutrition nutrients are undersupplied, and in over-
nutrition nutrients are over supplied both causes nutrition
disorder.
Types of the Malnutriton

5. Causes of Malnutriton

6. Primary Causes

7. Secondary
Causes

8. Disorders due to Malnutrition
❖ Protein-energy malnutrition
➢ Kwashiorkor
➢ Marasmus
❖ Under nutrition of vitamins
and minerals
❖ Obesity Kwashiorkor Marasmus

9. Disorders due to Under nutrition of Minerals
➔ Calcium - Rickets
➔ Iodine deficiency - Goiter
➔ Iron deficiency - Anemia
➔ Zinc - Growth retardation

10. Disorders due to Under nutrition of Vitamins
➔ Thiamine (Vitamin B1) - BeriBeri
➔ Niacin (Vitamin B3) - Pellagra
➔ Vitamin C - Scurvy
➔ Vitamin D - Rickets

11. Kwashiorkor
➔ Between 1-3 years old children
➔ Reasons:-
➔ Very low protein.
➔ Starchy foods are main staple
➔ Never Exclusively dietary

12. Kwashiorkor (Cont.)
❖ Symptoms
➢ Muscle wasting
➢ Hair Changes
➢ De-pigmentation of Skin
➢ Moonface
➢ Edema( swelling caused by excess fluid trapped
in your body's tissues)

13. Marasmus
➔ Common in the 1st Year of Life
➔ Reasons:-
➔ Balanced Starvation
➔ Insufficient Breast milk
➔ Dilute milk mixture of lack of hygiene

14. Marasmus(Cont.)
Symptoms:-
➔ Mental Changes
➔ Often diarrhea
➔ No edema
➔ Muscle Wasting
➔ Growth retardation
➔ Variable-subnormal temperature

15. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Deficiency - BeriBeri
Biochemically, there is accumulation of pyruvic and lactic
acid in body fluids Causes:-.
● Weakness of eye Movement and Mental Disturbance
● Cardiac Disfunction
Two Forms:-
● Wet Beriberi:- generalized edema, acute cardiac
Symptoms and prompt response to thiamine
administration
● Dry Beriberi:- edema not present and neurological

16. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Deficiency
Functions:
1. Acts as coenzyme of flavoprotein
important in CHO metabolism and Celluar
Respiration
2. Needed also by retinal eye pigments for
light adaptation

17. Niacin (Vitamin B3) Deficiency - Pellagra
Reasons:-
○ Diets low in niacin
○ Amino acid Imbalance or as a
result of malabsorption
○ Excessive corn Consumption
○ Alcoholism
Symptoms:-
● Weakness, irritability and dizziness
● Diarrhea, dermatitis and dementia
● Mental changes include depression

18. Goiter
A Goiter is a Swelling of the neck
resulting from enlargement of the
thyroid gland, associated with a
thyroid gland that is functioning
properly or not.
Causes due to Iodine Deficieny.

19. Anemia
● Anemia occurs when there aren’t
enough healthy red blood cells to
carry oxygen to your body’s organs.
● Iron Deficiency causes
approximately half of all anemia
cases worldwide, and affects
women more than men.
● This can result if:
Bleeding causes loss of red
blood cells more quickly than
can be replaced.

20. Rickets
● Rickets is Softening of nones in
immature mammals due to lack of
Vitamin D, Phosphorus and
Calcium.
● The predominant cause is Vitamin
D, but lack of adequate vitamin in
the diet can also lead to rickets.

21. Prevention of Malnutrition

22. 1. Proper Education to Peoples regarding importance of food.
2. Use of modern agricultural techniques to increase the
agricultural production.
3. Enrichment of food
4. Fortification of food
5. Genetic Engineering for the development of new varieties
Eg. golden rice.

23. 6. Government projects to provide healthy food to infants and
pregnant woman
7. Staple food should available at very cheap rate
8. Common People should adopt rotation in food.
9. Use of Probiotic microorganism in food.
10. Global public health and disease control measure.

24. Thank You