Mouse pups are born helpless and require extensive parental care from both mothers and fathers. Maternal behaviors in mice include nest building, nursing, pup retrieval, and aggression to protect the litter. Pups communicate their needs through ultrasonic vocalizations which stimulate maternal care. Communal nesting with multiple females provides benefits like improved thermoregulation and defense. While infanticide can occur, paternal behaviors like huddling, grooming and play also contribute to pup survival when tolerated by the mother. Genetics, experience, stress, and pup communication all influence the display of nurturing behaviors in mice.
Social organization & Social behavior in animalsDipHaloi1
Social organization in animals depends on factors like group size, age, sex, habitat, and food availability. Animals live in social groups for benefits like improved predator detection, increased chance of prey capture, and easier mate finding. Key aspects of social groups include communication methods, division of labor, and permanent membership among related females. Group living provides advantages for survival and reproduction.
There are several types of innate behavior including tropisms, nasties, and reflex actions. Tropisms describe growth movements in plants in response to environmental stimuli. Nasties are non-directional responses in plants to stimuli like temperature, humidity, and light. Reflex actions involve a reflex arc consisting of sensory, interneuron, and motor components, like the pupillary light reflex where shining a light in one eye causes both pupils to contract.
This document summarizes different types of animal behavior including innate behaviors, learned behaviors, social behaviors, and communication. It discusses how behaviors can be inherited instincts or developed through learning and experience. Key points include the differences between innate behaviors that are fixed versus learned behaviors that are flexible, examples of innate behaviors like imprinting and migration, how learning occurs through classical and operant conditioning, and the social behaviors animals use for interacting, cooperating, competing, and communicating such as dominance hierarchies, cooperation, and language.
Reproductive behaviour 2-Maternal behaviour in animalsRabie Fayed
That behaviour exhibited by mothers towards their young to aid their survival, growth and development, both physically and behaviorally. It is inherited behaviour
Maternal behaviour in mammals (suckling animals) exhibited by mother toward their young, including feeding, protection, warming growth, development and survival.
Parental behaviour exhibited by both male and female as in pigeons and other birds.
The extent to which a species can adapt to an anthropogenically influenced environment is dependent on the evolutionary history of the species, the antipredatory adaptations of the population under study, the individual experiences, tolerances and learning capacities of animals, and their sensory limitations.
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsrhfayed
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
Principle of Ethology with special reference to pattern of behaviorDIPJYOTIBORAH3
1. Introduction
a. What is Ethology?
b. Origin & History of Ethology.
2. Principles of Ethology.
3. Some Special Reference of Ethology.
4. Patterns and Behaviour.
5. Conclusion.
6. Reference.
Social organization & Social behavior in animalsDipHaloi1
Social organization in animals depends on factors like group size, age, sex, habitat, and food availability. Animals live in social groups for benefits like improved predator detection, increased chance of prey capture, and easier mate finding. Key aspects of social groups include communication methods, division of labor, and permanent membership among related females. Group living provides advantages for survival and reproduction.
There are several types of innate behavior including tropisms, nasties, and reflex actions. Tropisms describe growth movements in plants in response to environmental stimuli. Nasties are non-directional responses in plants to stimuli like temperature, humidity, and light. Reflex actions involve a reflex arc consisting of sensory, interneuron, and motor components, like the pupillary light reflex where shining a light in one eye causes both pupils to contract.
This document summarizes different types of animal behavior including innate behaviors, learned behaviors, social behaviors, and communication. It discusses how behaviors can be inherited instincts or developed through learning and experience. Key points include the differences between innate behaviors that are fixed versus learned behaviors that are flexible, examples of innate behaviors like imprinting and migration, how learning occurs through classical and operant conditioning, and the social behaviors animals use for interacting, cooperating, competing, and communicating such as dominance hierarchies, cooperation, and language.
Reproductive behaviour 2-Maternal behaviour in animalsRabie Fayed
That behaviour exhibited by mothers towards their young to aid their survival, growth and development, both physically and behaviorally. It is inherited behaviour
Maternal behaviour in mammals (suckling animals) exhibited by mother toward their young, including feeding, protection, warming growth, development and survival.
Parental behaviour exhibited by both male and female as in pigeons and other birds.
The extent to which a species can adapt to an anthropogenically influenced environment is dependent on the evolutionary history of the species, the antipredatory adaptations of the population under study, the individual experiences, tolerances and learning capacities of animals, and their sensory limitations.
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsrhfayed
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
Principle of Ethology with special reference to pattern of behaviorDIPJYOTIBORAH3
1. Introduction
a. What is Ethology?
b. Origin & History of Ethology.
2. Principles of Ethology.
3. Some Special Reference of Ethology.
4. Patterns and Behaviour.
5. Conclusion.
6. Reference.
"parental care of harvivore animals "seminar by Subrata paul0909091212
This document discusses parental care in herbivorous mammals. It describes how parental care varies between species, with females generally providing most of the care since males contribute little after mating. The types of parental care include maternal, paternal, and biparental care. Examples are given for several species like hippopotamus, giraffe, gorilla, and okapi. Benefits of parental care include improved offspring survival. There can also be conflicts between parents and offspring over the level and duration of care provided.
Earth and Life Science-Q2-WK3-ANIMAL-REPRODUCTION.pptxajkwar
1) Animals reproduce either sexually or asexually. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and cell division or splitting, producing offspring identical to the parent.
2) Sexual reproduction involves male and female gametes fusing during internal or external fertilization. Most animals are sexually dimorphic with separate sexes.
3) Fertilization can occur internally, as seen in mammals and birds, or externally, as with fish and amphibians where egg and sperm meet outside the body. This determines if offspring develop inside or outside the parent.
This document provides an overview of behavioral ecology, which studies how animal behavior develops and contributes to survival. It discusses different types of behaviors such as fixed action patterns, imprinting, kinesis, taxis, migration, communication, learning, cognition, and mating behaviors. Many behaviors have genetic components that evolved through natural selection, while others are influenced by environmental factors like learning. The goal is to understand both the proximate causes of behaviors as well as their ultimate evolutionary significance.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on egg dumping and parental care in insects. It discusses egg dumping behaviors seen in various insect species where females lay eggs in other females' nests. It then covers parental care behaviors across solitary, communal, and social insect species. Various forms of parental care are described, including maternal, paternal, and biparental care behaviors like egg guarding, larval feeding, and nest defense. Specific examples are given for different orders of insects that exhibit these parental care behaviors.
This document discusses poultry behavior, including:
- Poultry behavior involves how poultry interact with their animate (other animals) and inanimate (objects, places) environments.
- Understanding poultry behavior can help with handling, reduce stress, and improve welfare, production and safety.
- Poultry behavior includes innate behaviors important for survival like feeding, drinking, reproduction, and learned behaviors that help them adapt.
- Proper management of poultry requires knowledge of their social, feeding, drinking, nesting and other behaviors.
This document discusses social behavior and mating systems in animals. It defines social behavior as interactions between two or more animals of the same species that affect one another. Animals form social groups for benefits like protection, cooperative hunting, and care of young. Mating systems include monogamy where one male and female pair up; polygamy where one sex has multiple mates; and promiscuity where both sexes mate with multiple partners. Different mating strategies evolve depending on ecological and social factors.
This document discusses lactation in various mammals. It begins by explaining that lactation is controlled by hormones like prolactin and oxytocin and provides nutrition and immunity to young. It then covers characteristics of different subclasses of mammals - monotremes lay eggs but secrete milk, marsupials give birth to underdeveloped young that nurse in pouches, and placentals have fully developed young. Specific examples of lactation in platypuses, koalas, kangaroos, mice, cats and humans are provided, describing milk composition, nursing behaviors, and length of lactation periods.
Parental care involves investment from parents to increase offspring survival and fitness. In mammals, most care is maternal, involving lactation. Only 6% of mammals show biparental care where monogamous males and females provide care. Paternal care can involve protecting young from predators and helping with growth. For artiodactyls like deer and antelopes, females are the sole caregivers through lactation. They use hiding or following strategies to protect vulnerable young until independent.
This document provides information on management tools for flock and herd improvement, with a focus on vaccination programs and weaning strategies. It discusses which vaccines are commonly used for sheep and goats and recommendations for vaccination of pregnant females, lambs/kids, and mature males. It covers reasons for weaning, typical weaning ages, and recommendations for early weaning of lambs/kids and their dams. The document also briefly discusses factors to consider when planning breeding and preparation steps to take 1-2 months prior to breeding.
Poultry exhibit complex social behaviors including establishing hierarchies, communicating through sounds and displays, and reproducing. Their behaviors are influenced by genetic, environmental, and experiential factors. Key behaviors include foraging, dust bathing, nesting, roosting, and responding fearfully to unfamiliar stimuli like humans due to their wary nature. Poultry learn from each other and adapt well to different housing situations through visual learning and conditioning.
Animals reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female gametes through internal or external fertilization. It ensures genetic variation but requires more energy. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent and copies genetic material, allowing for rapid population growth but less variation. Common methods of sexual reproduction in animals include oviparity (egg-laying), ovoviviparity (egg-retention), and viviparity (live-bearing young). The life cycles of frogs and fish are given as examples, from fertilization of eggs to metamorphosis or growth into adults.
Social behaviour in insects jai narain vpulkit96427
Sociobiology is the systematic study of the evolutionary basis of social behavior in organisms. Eusociality is a complex form of social organization found in some insect species like ants, bees, and wasps. Key aspects of eusociality include a caste system, cooperative care of offspring, overlapping generations, and division of labor. Social insects like ants exhibit behaviors like polymorphism, trophallaxis, swarming, cooperation in foraging, nest maintenance, defense, and brood care that involve cooperation within the colony.
This document discusses animal behavior and the factors that influence it. It defines animal behavior and outlines three main categories: instinctive behaviors, learned behaviors, and complex behaviors. Instinctive behaviors are innate and genetically determined, such as nest building and mating rituals. Learned behaviors develop through experience and include habituation, imprinting, and conditioned responses developed through classical and operant conditioning. Both genetic and environmental factors influence animal behavior.
Animal-Reproduction and each type and functionpptxcheryltayas3
Animal reproduction is the biological process by which animals produce offspring to maintain their species. It occurs through sexual or asexual means. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce genetically diverse offspring, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent. Both have advantages and disadvantages for the survival of species. Key methods of sexual reproduction in animals include internal and external fertilization, and embryonic development occurs internally or externally. Animal reproduction plays a crucial role in ecosystem functioning and species survival.
The document discusses the reproductive system. It defines reproduction as the process by which animals produce offspring through sexual reproduction, which requires the union of sperm and egg. Fertilization, or conception, occurs when sperm fertilizes an egg in the female reproductive tract. The document then outlines the stages of reproductive development, including prepuberty before an animal can reproduce, puberty when it becomes capable of reproduction, gestation during pregnancy, parturition of birth, and lactation of milk production.
B.Sc. Agri II LPM U 2 Reproductive System In LivestockRai University
The document discusses factors that affect fertility in livestock, including heredity/genetics, nutrition, age, climate, and disease. It provides examples of how each factor can influence fertility, such as genetic mutations causing infertility, poor nutrition reducing ovulation rates, climate affecting sperm production and mating behavior, and diseases stopping egg/sperm production or causing abortion. Proper management can help control these factors through strategies like vaccination, worm control, selective breeding, and meeting nutritional needs.
Presentation on breeding biology & parental care of mammalsMariama Mili
This document provides information about the classification, characteristics, reproduction, and parental care of various orders of mammals. It discusses the mating systems, gestation periods, litter sizes, and maternal care provided to offspring for groups such as artiodactyls, carnivores, cetaceans, chiropterans, lagomorphs, perissodactyls, proboscideans, rodents, sirenians, and soricomorphs. Key details include that mammals display a variety of reproductive behaviors including monogamy, polygyny, and promiscuity. Parental investment generally involves extended maternal care, though some species receive biparental care or alloparenting.
Animal behavior can be studied in terms of evolution, neurology, and ecology. Behavior is defined as actions performed by muscles or glands under control of the nervous system in response to stimuli. The scientific study of behavior is called ethology. Both proximate and ultimate causes influence behavior. Proximate causes are immediate environmental stimuli and mechanisms, while ultimate causes relate to survival and reproduction benefits. Many animals breed in spring/summer due to warmer temperatures and abundant food providing higher chances of offspring viability.
Breeding Biology and Parental Care of MammalsMariama Mili
This document summarizes key aspects of mammalian biology and behavior, organized by order. It describes characteristics like mating systems, courtship displays, gestation periods, litter sizes, parental care behaviors, and examples for different mammal groups. The orders covered include Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Cetacea, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla, and others. For each order, it highlights traits like social structure and parental roles during breeding and rearing of offspring.
This document discusses various types of reproduction and mating systems in animals. It begins by defining sexual and asexual reproduction, and describes different forms of asexual reproduction like binary fission and parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis in certain species like bees, Komodo dragons, and crocodiles is discussed in more detail. The document then covers various mating systems like monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygynandry, and promiscuity. Key characteristics and examples of each system are provided. Finally, behaviors associated with mating like courtship displays, territory defense, and sexual dimorphism are briefly described.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
"parental care of harvivore animals "seminar by Subrata paul0909091212
This document discusses parental care in herbivorous mammals. It describes how parental care varies between species, with females generally providing most of the care since males contribute little after mating. The types of parental care include maternal, paternal, and biparental care. Examples are given for several species like hippopotamus, giraffe, gorilla, and okapi. Benefits of parental care include improved offspring survival. There can also be conflicts between parents and offspring over the level and duration of care provided.
Earth and Life Science-Q2-WK3-ANIMAL-REPRODUCTION.pptxajkwar
1) Animals reproduce either sexually or asexually. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and cell division or splitting, producing offspring identical to the parent.
2) Sexual reproduction involves male and female gametes fusing during internal or external fertilization. Most animals are sexually dimorphic with separate sexes.
3) Fertilization can occur internally, as seen in mammals and birds, or externally, as with fish and amphibians where egg and sperm meet outside the body. This determines if offspring develop inside or outside the parent.
This document provides an overview of behavioral ecology, which studies how animal behavior develops and contributes to survival. It discusses different types of behaviors such as fixed action patterns, imprinting, kinesis, taxis, migration, communication, learning, cognition, and mating behaviors. Many behaviors have genetic components that evolved through natural selection, while others are influenced by environmental factors like learning. The goal is to understand both the proximate causes of behaviors as well as their ultimate evolutionary significance.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on egg dumping and parental care in insects. It discusses egg dumping behaviors seen in various insect species where females lay eggs in other females' nests. It then covers parental care behaviors across solitary, communal, and social insect species. Various forms of parental care are described, including maternal, paternal, and biparental care behaviors like egg guarding, larval feeding, and nest defense. Specific examples are given for different orders of insects that exhibit these parental care behaviors.
This document discusses poultry behavior, including:
- Poultry behavior involves how poultry interact with their animate (other animals) and inanimate (objects, places) environments.
- Understanding poultry behavior can help with handling, reduce stress, and improve welfare, production and safety.
- Poultry behavior includes innate behaviors important for survival like feeding, drinking, reproduction, and learned behaviors that help them adapt.
- Proper management of poultry requires knowledge of their social, feeding, drinking, nesting and other behaviors.
This document discusses social behavior and mating systems in animals. It defines social behavior as interactions between two or more animals of the same species that affect one another. Animals form social groups for benefits like protection, cooperative hunting, and care of young. Mating systems include monogamy where one male and female pair up; polygamy where one sex has multiple mates; and promiscuity where both sexes mate with multiple partners. Different mating strategies evolve depending on ecological and social factors.
This document discusses lactation in various mammals. It begins by explaining that lactation is controlled by hormones like prolactin and oxytocin and provides nutrition and immunity to young. It then covers characteristics of different subclasses of mammals - monotremes lay eggs but secrete milk, marsupials give birth to underdeveloped young that nurse in pouches, and placentals have fully developed young. Specific examples of lactation in platypuses, koalas, kangaroos, mice, cats and humans are provided, describing milk composition, nursing behaviors, and length of lactation periods.
Parental care involves investment from parents to increase offspring survival and fitness. In mammals, most care is maternal, involving lactation. Only 6% of mammals show biparental care where monogamous males and females provide care. Paternal care can involve protecting young from predators and helping with growth. For artiodactyls like deer and antelopes, females are the sole caregivers through lactation. They use hiding or following strategies to protect vulnerable young until independent.
This document provides information on management tools for flock and herd improvement, with a focus on vaccination programs and weaning strategies. It discusses which vaccines are commonly used for sheep and goats and recommendations for vaccination of pregnant females, lambs/kids, and mature males. It covers reasons for weaning, typical weaning ages, and recommendations for early weaning of lambs/kids and their dams. The document also briefly discusses factors to consider when planning breeding and preparation steps to take 1-2 months prior to breeding.
Poultry exhibit complex social behaviors including establishing hierarchies, communicating through sounds and displays, and reproducing. Their behaviors are influenced by genetic, environmental, and experiential factors. Key behaviors include foraging, dust bathing, nesting, roosting, and responding fearfully to unfamiliar stimuli like humans due to their wary nature. Poultry learn from each other and adapt well to different housing situations through visual learning and conditioning.
Animals reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female gametes through internal or external fertilization. It ensures genetic variation but requires more energy. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent and copies genetic material, allowing for rapid population growth but less variation. Common methods of sexual reproduction in animals include oviparity (egg-laying), ovoviviparity (egg-retention), and viviparity (live-bearing young). The life cycles of frogs and fish are given as examples, from fertilization of eggs to metamorphosis or growth into adults.
Social behaviour in insects jai narain vpulkit96427
Sociobiology is the systematic study of the evolutionary basis of social behavior in organisms. Eusociality is a complex form of social organization found in some insect species like ants, bees, and wasps. Key aspects of eusociality include a caste system, cooperative care of offspring, overlapping generations, and division of labor. Social insects like ants exhibit behaviors like polymorphism, trophallaxis, swarming, cooperation in foraging, nest maintenance, defense, and brood care that involve cooperation within the colony.
This document discusses animal behavior and the factors that influence it. It defines animal behavior and outlines three main categories: instinctive behaviors, learned behaviors, and complex behaviors. Instinctive behaviors are innate and genetically determined, such as nest building and mating rituals. Learned behaviors develop through experience and include habituation, imprinting, and conditioned responses developed through classical and operant conditioning. Both genetic and environmental factors influence animal behavior.
Animal-Reproduction and each type and functionpptxcheryltayas3
Animal reproduction is the biological process by which animals produce offspring to maintain their species. It occurs through sexual or asexual means. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce genetically diverse offspring, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent. Both have advantages and disadvantages for the survival of species. Key methods of sexual reproduction in animals include internal and external fertilization, and embryonic development occurs internally or externally. Animal reproduction plays a crucial role in ecosystem functioning and species survival.
The document discusses the reproductive system. It defines reproduction as the process by which animals produce offspring through sexual reproduction, which requires the union of sperm and egg. Fertilization, or conception, occurs when sperm fertilizes an egg in the female reproductive tract. The document then outlines the stages of reproductive development, including prepuberty before an animal can reproduce, puberty when it becomes capable of reproduction, gestation during pregnancy, parturition of birth, and lactation of milk production.
B.Sc. Agri II LPM U 2 Reproductive System In LivestockRai University
The document discusses factors that affect fertility in livestock, including heredity/genetics, nutrition, age, climate, and disease. It provides examples of how each factor can influence fertility, such as genetic mutations causing infertility, poor nutrition reducing ovulation rates, climate affecting sperm production and mating behavior, and diseases stopping egg/sperm production or causing abortion. Proper management can help control these factors through strategies like vaccination, worm control, selective breeding, and meeting nutritional needs.
Presentation on breeding biology & parental care of mammalsMariama Mili
This document provides information about the classification, characteristics, reproduction, and parental care of various orders of mammals. It discusses the mating systems, gestation periods, litter sizes, and maternal care provided to offspring for groups such as artiodactyls, carnivores, cetaceans, chiropterans, lagomorphs, perissodactyls, proboscideans, rodents, sirenians, and soricomorphs. Key details include that mammals display a variety of reproductive behaviors including monogamy, polygyny, and promiscuity. Parental investment generally involves extended maternal care, though some species receive biparental care or alloparenting.
Animal behavior can be studied in terms of evolution, neurology, and ecology. Behavior is defined as actions performed by muscles or glands under control of the nervous system in response to stimuli. The scientific study of behavior is called ethology. Both proximate and ultimate causes influence behavior. Proximate causes are immediate environmental stimuli and mechanisms, while ultimate causes relate to survival and reproduction benefits. Many animals breed in spring/summer due to warmer temperatures and abundant food providing higher chances of offspring viability.
Breeding Biology and Parental Care of MammalsMariama Mili
This document summarizes key aspects of mammalian biology and behavior, organized by order. It describes characteristics like mating systems, courtship displays, gestation periods, litter sizes, parental care behaviors, and examples for different mammal groups. The orders covered include Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Cetacea, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla, and others. For each order, it highlights traits like social structure and parental roles during breeding and rearing of offspring.
This document discusses various types of reproduction and mating systems in animals. It begins by defining sexual and asexual reproduction, and describes different forms of asexual reproduction like binary fission and parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis in certain species like bees, Komodo dragons, and crocodiles is discussed in more detail. The document then covers various mating systems like monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygynandry, and promiscuity. Key characteristics and examples of each system are provided. Finally, behaviors associated with mating like courtship displays, territory defense, and sexual dimorphism are briefly described.
Similar to Nurturing behaviour in mice (1).pptx (20)
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
2. Parental Care
Parental care can be defined to include "all non-
gametic investments in offspring following
fertilization".
Parental investment may be either: -
Direct: "an immediate physical influence" on the
young that increases survivorship,
Indirect: which includes "acts a parent may
in the absence of the young which increase the
latter's survivorship"
3. Maternal Behavior
Maternal behavior influences the probability of
survival
It includes: -
nest building by one or both parents
incubation
feeding behaviors
protection of the young
training of young
4. The size of the mother also influences litter size
(larger females producing more ova)
Fertilization is possible about 10–12 h after
ovulation and gestation lasts for 19–21 days.
Parturition usually takes place during the night.
Maternal characteristics
5. Pup development
At birth : the young weigh approximately 1 g, are hairless (except for
whiskers), blind, deaf, have undeveloped motor skills and are fully
dependent on their mother for nutrition and thermoregulatory control.
4th or 5th day postpartum: Hearing ability seems to appear
~6th day postpartum: the pups are completely covered with a thin coat of
first hair. between day
12th and 14th day postpartum: They open their eyes (after this the first
extensive activity outside the nest occurs)
~ 16th day postpartum: litters are often seen nursing.
17 days postpartum: the pups start to eat solid food and the first signs of
weaning are noted
7. Nest building
All mice build nests in which they sleep
Types of mouse nests: -
Sleeping nests or thermoregulatory nests:
small, often saucer shaped open nests built by non-
pregnant mice
Brood nests or maternal nests: Built by the female
approximately 4 days after mating, 2–3 times the size of a
sleeping nest, with one or two entrances and completely
enclosed
8. Mice are born ectothermic and have poor thermoregulatory
abilities up to 2–3 weeks of age
Brood nest is important for successful rearing of young
Maternal nest is prepared very early in gestation (differs from other
altricial species e.g. rats and rabbits)
Role of the hormones: Progesterone and oestradiol in eliciting maternal
nest building
Mean nest weight decreased after oestradiol treatment and increased
after implantation of progesterone or a combination of oestradiol and
progesterone; these hormones seem to act in synergy to facilitate
maternal nest building.
Pup vocalization also influences nest building
9. General aspects of maternal
behavior
Maternal behavior starts during early gestation with the preparation of
the brood nest.
During the first 3 weeks, nursing occupied 92% of the maternal
behavior
Weaning seems to take place gradually
The weaning age of 23 days is judged from a drop-in nursing activity to
less than 1%.
Weaning is completed by day 25.
11. Mouse pups are born without hair.
When they begin to grow their first coat, their eyes are still closed.
Dam grooms their coats for them.
Serves a physiological and psychological purpose
Strengthens the maternal-social bond.
How much the mother grooms her own pups; influences later
corticosterone responses to stress in the pups
Maternal grooming
12. Maternal moving
When a dam moves a pup, she will pick it up in her mouth and move it to
a safe area (nest)
Rarely needs to move or rearrange the entire litter
Individual newborn pups rarely stray on their own from a warm nest
In response to their ultrasonic cries, the dam locates and retrieves the
lost pups back to the nest
Pup-retrieval (type of maternal moving)- [videos]
13. Nursing
Mice are an altricial species.
Dependent on mother's milk as a source of food
The amount of milk received can affect a pup's adult weight and
aggressiveness.
Weaning weight of male pups can have long term effects on their
ability to become dominant adults.
A dam uses olfactory cues in her milk and urine to establish a unique
social identity for her litter
14. Maternal aggression
Aggressive behavior of a lactating female defending her offspring
Predation by non-conspecifics is probably rare
Major predators of neonate rodents are conspecifics
Both pregnant and lactating females display maternal aggression
(attacks have rapid onset and are potentially damaging in nature)
15. Males often flee or react with defensive postures, but in some cases,
they retaliate and kill the offspring.
Hrdy’s sexual selection hypothesis: Males benefit from killing
nonrelated pups as this allows the female to return to oestrus
Maternal aggression functions to protect the litter from infanticidal
intruders
The intensity of aggression increased with increased litter size.
Female mice discriminate between infanticidal and non-infanticidal
males
Maternal aggression (cont…)
17. Factors affecting maternal
behavior: -
Pup behavior and vocal communication
External stimuli from the pups are crucial for maintaining maternal
care
Born with non-functional auditory systems: use vocalizations
First 2–3 weeks postpartum: pups emit a variety of ultrasonic
vocalizations (USVs) when isolated from the mother
Three categories of infant calls:
ultrasounds,
audible squeals
clicks
18. Ultrasonic sounds categorized according to response triggered in
mother:
pure ultrasounds inducing pup approach and retrieving
broadband pain calls to signify injury
low-frequency wriggling calls eliciting maternal behavior and
particularly licking
Moving pups do not act as an effective stimulus for releasing
maternal behavior in mothers who are deaf
Pup behavior and vocal communication (cont…)
19. Experience improves maternal behaviour as demonstrated
by higher survival in second versus first litters
Stress: -
Multiple protocols can be used: Acute and Chronic stress can
be generated
Though nest building capacity remains unchanged, the
mother’s capability in defending her pups decreases
They also decreased rates of grooming, nursing, and time
spent in the nest
20. Genetic influence
Transgenic studies with null mutations have demonstrated
several individual genes involved in the regulation of maternal
behavior.
Many mutant, knockout and transgenic mice, display poor
maternal behavior or complete inability to rear offspring
Mutant mouse staggerer: The mice fail in removing the amniotic
membrane, leading to pups dying from being choked, and
surviving pups ignored and dying of cold or hunger
hubb/hubb mutation: These mice tend to be sensitive to
disturbance of their cages, responding with infanticide and
cannibalism
Mecp2-deficient mouse: High incidence of infanticide
21. Pups of fosB mutant mice: scattered around the cage and neglected by
the mother
Wild Type fosB mutant
22. Communal
care
The sharing of parental
responsibility by multiple
individuals
Example, communal nesting
Multiple females raise young in the
same nest
Result of individuals congregating
around clumped resources, or may
also be an adaptive strategy,
improving thermoregulation and
nest defense.
23. Communal nursing
If several females are housed together, they build and keep their
pups in a communal nest in which they may also share the nursing
Pups benefit in terms of increased growth and survival.
Especially in an environment with limited food supply for the dam
(inadequate milk supply, offspring survival difficult)
Each communal nesting female spend less time nursing than a
solitary female
Relatedness of communally nesting females and their offspring
Nest mates have the same father and females are often related
24. Three conditions under which communal nesting
benefits participants: -
(1) Improving heat retention, with consequent improved
pup survival and growth
(2) Increasing pup growth due to increased milk production
by two or more females
(3) Fewer pups are lost to predators because of higher nest
defense.
25. Infanticide and Cannibalism
Infanticide is defined as ‘‘the killing of conspecific preweaning young’’
House mice are reported to be infanticidal under certain circumstances
D’Amato (1993) reported sexually naive males to be more infanticidal
than sexually naive females
Males killed pups indiscriminately while female mice discriminated first
by familiarity to the pups, and secondly on the degree of relatedness
Female mice sometimes also kill own offspring
Evidence of female mice reducing litter size when food is restricted, and
stress has been suggested to cause females to neglect, kill, or eat their
young
No evidence of females actively killing pups (‘maternal cannibalism’ )
26. Role of the father: Paternal behavior in
mice
Presence of a male can be important both pre- and post-natally
Male rodents perform all direct parental activities displayed by female
such as:
huddling—sleeping with, crouching over, or adopting the nursing position
with the young;
grooming—cleaning, licking, or otherwise grooming the young;
retrieving—carrying or transporting the young from place to place,
generally returning to the nest;
play—engaging in play behavior with the young;
tutoring— behavioral patterns that facilitate learning by the young;
providing food—bringing food to the young;
greeting—engaging in species typical greeting displays;
manipulation in nest—manipulating the young while in the nest
27. Naive wild house mice typically kill the young
Paternal behavior observed:
mice that remain with their parents while the parents rear a
subsequent litter
cohabitation by a male with a female throughout her pregnancy
Only those males paired with minimally aggressive females
display appreciable paternal behavior.
Complete parenting behavior when housed individually with the
young
Role of the father: Paternal behavior in
mice (cont…)
28. Female may increase the chances of survival of the pups by permitting
males to help care for young
Males "prove" themselves as non-infanticidal then only allowed near the
pups
Female mice play a definite role in encouraging paternal relationships
between male mice and their pups.
Ultra-sonic noises emitted by females under stress triggered paternal
behaviour
The females also released olfactory signals in the form of pheromones,
which triggered the same reaction in the males
[video]
Role of the father: Paternal behavior in
mice (cont…)