This document discusses a case scenario for a public health nurse researching childhood obesity in their community. The nurse has been asked to create a visual concept map identifying the community, analyzing cultural, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors influencing childhood obesity, and describing how to promote healthy behaviors to reduce obesity. The document provides resources for the nurse to use to complete their concept map, including databases, websites, guides on creating concept maps and using credible sources.
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tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
1
Healthcare
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor’s Name
Date
Healthcare
Health inequity is a serious healthcare problem that negatively affects everyone. This problem worsens the health outcomes of the population it directly impacts and those with resources and power. For instance, health disparity makes it hard to control, contain and treat infections illnesses, like the Covid-19, therefore putting everyone at risk of contracting the disease regardless of their socioeconomic class. Culture plays a critical role in patient care and health outcomes and affects our perception of others, health behaviors, and expectations during care delivery. This paper discusses health inequalities, advocacy for families, patients, and community, and cultural competencies. Comment by lola siyanbola: Can you explain how?
Health inequalities involve differences in health resources' distribution of health between different population groups resulting from social conditions in which members of the population are born, live, grow, work and age. The inequalities are basically the systematic differences in the status of health between population groups (Marmot, 2017). The inequalities have substantial economic and social costs to both persons and communities. Social factors including employment status, education level, gender, ethnicity, and level of income affect an individual's health status, therefore creating health disparities among populations due to variations of the social factors (Malbon, 2019). Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes. The appropriate combination of government policies can address these health disparities. Comment by lola siyanbola: This is a fact can you rephrase or cite Comment by lola siyanbola: This is too vague, can you elaborate a little?
I would advocate for patients by connecting them with resources outside and inside the hospital to support their wellbeing and double-check for errors to identify, stop, and correct errors to ensure their safety (Doucette et al., 2018). I would educate the patients on the best way to manage their health conditions and improve their quality of life. Protecting patients' rights and giving them a voice, particularly when vulnerable, is key to safe and quality patient care. I would advocate for families by utilizing my expertise to persuade the hospital authorities about the economic position of the family, their educational level, and their cultural values about patient care. I would advocate for the community by working to ensure community members are adequately and fairly treated in all matters of health.
The first Implicit Association Tests (IAT) reveals that I hold a moderate automatic preference for Arab Muslims with 26% over Other People. This means that I am likely to respond moderately respond faster to the care needs of patients from the Arap Muslim compared to other patients. ...
1Health Care DisparityBlack AmericansHispanicsLatinos.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Health Care Disparity
Black Americans
Hispanics/Latinos
Demographics
45.7 million, which is 14.3% of USA population.
15% of the USA population
Cultural Norms
Strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, strong religious orientation, take care of their own, seniors are highly respected, don’t like to admit they need help, poverty impacts education, self-esteem, quality of life and life style across.
Strong family ties, strong church and community orientation, male dominance, age dominance, negative view on asking for help, take care of their own majority are roman catholic, distrust of government, modesty is important and very proud of heritage
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
Have strong religious affiliation with Christian denominations and also Islam.
Have strong belief in the spirit world. Majority are roman CatholicsS
Primary Insurance Coverage
Most of them are not insured, but the affordable care act provision target at improving provisions that will highly improve their lives.
Six in ten Hispanic adults in USA lack health insurance.
Education
17% have attained bachelor’s degree
11% have attained bachelor’s degree
Medical Conditions
They reside at disadvantaged neighborhoods with increased risks for health disparities. Obesity in children is enormous
More than a quarter of its population lack usual health care provider. Hispanic adults have a low prevalence for many chronic diseases and a high prevalence for diabetes.
Outreach
Foundation of African American outreach program to provide assistance to Africa-Americans
Action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities
Introduction
The health of a population is influenced by both its social and its economic circumstances and health care services it receives. The health care services provided to Hispanics and black in United States of America is low. Throughout the years we have seen advancements in the health care quality received by ethnic minorities groups. But there is still a large gap when comparing minorities with their white counterparts (Vicini, 2015). This has affected the two groups which have low income families and experience poor quality care. Hispanic and blacks are less likely to have a high school education. Disparities in quality of care are common among the blacks and Hispanics in USA. For instance adults of 65 years and above receive worse care than adults with 18-44 years. Poor people have worse access to care than the high income people (Lee et al., 2003).
Healthcare Disparities between the Blacks and the Latinos in USA
The healthcare insurance status for the blacks and Latinos is low and as a result it forms barriers to access to quality health care utilization. Language barriers in health care are associated with decrease in quality of care, safety, patient and clinical satisfaction and contribute to health disparities even among people with insurance. Statistics have shown when comparing blacks and Latinos to their whi ...
Health and health care inequalities
Name
Institution
Racial inequalities and discrimination
African Americans bear disproportionate burden in injury, disease morbidity, disability and mortality. This disadvantage is mostly related to age-related mortality. African Americans are significantly at risk for early death compared to the native community. The overall death rate of death among the African Americans in the US is equivalent to that of the natives thirty years ago (Dreyer, Brettle, & Roderick, 2020). The premature death is caused by various disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular heart disease, and hypertension. For example, the cases of death due to heart-related diseases is higher among the African Americans than any other race group in the United States. These health challenges occur in the context of increasing inequalities in the rate of disease infection.
Economic differences cannot explain the difference in health inequalities even when socioeconomic status is controlled. Differences in skin tone may be the basis of the discrimination in health status. The health disparities that negatively affect the African Americans arise from many sources including social inequalities, inherited health risks, and lifestyle patterns. Health disparities could also be caused by race-based discrimination. The concept of place or geographical location is important in explaining contribution of social injustice to health risks. Various studies shows that neighborhood is important in mediating access to social connections and opportunities, all which are factors that affect health status. When neighborhood is characterized by segregation, often linked to racial concentration, then African Americans have higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Residential segregation and discrimination that creates concentrated neighborhoods where residents are poor are social spaces with concentrated health-related problems. African Americans have higher exposure to stressful environments because of fewer resources.
African American, a poor racial minority has poorer health status. The poor community is less likely to have sufficient health and social services and this create a problem of timely access to medical services. Second, the community environment expose the African American to health hazards such as air pollution, dirt, and water contamination (Barsanti & Salmi, 2017). Moreover, concentration of social inequalities and poverty and it related characteristics such as substance abuse, anxiety, unemployment, and crime often creates social environment that lessen social connectedness. Researchers link the idea of biological responses that may be triggered by neighborhood stressors. There is correlation between residential segregation and social inequality. There are different factors that concentrate social stressors which trigger risks of heart disease, cognitive impairment, and chronic inflammation. African Americans who mostly live in unhealthy ...
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
: https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
1
Healthcare
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor’s Name
Date
Healthcare
Health inequity is a serious healthcare problem that negatively affects everyone. This problem worsens the health outcomes of the population it directly impacts and those with resources and power. For instance, health disparity makes it hard to control, contain and treat infections illnesses, like the Covid-19, therefore putting everyone at risk of contracting the disease regardless of their socioeconomic class. Culture plays a critical role in patient care and health outcomes and affects our perception of others, health behaviors, and expectations during care delivery. This paper discusses health inequalities, advocacy for families, patients, and community, and cultural competencies. Comment by lola siyanbola: Can you explain how?
Health inequalities involve differences in health resources' distribution of health between different population groups resulting from social conditions in which members of the population are born, live, grow, work and age. The inequalities are basically the systematic differences in the status of health between population groups (Marmot, 2017). The inequalities have substantial economic and social costs to both persons and communities. Social factors including employment status, education level, gender, ethnicity, and level of income affect an individual's health status, therefore creating health disparities among populations due to variations of the social factors (Malbon, 2019). Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes. The appropriate combination of government policies can address these health disparities. Comment by lola siyanbola: This is a fact can you rephrase or cite Comment by lola siyanbola: This is too vague, can you elaborate a little?
I would advocate for patients by connecting them with resources outside and inside the hospital to support their wellbeing and double-check for errors to identify, stop, and correct errors to ensure their safety (Doucette et al., 2018). I would educate the patients on the best way to manage their health conditions and improve their quality of life. Protecting patients' rights and giving them a voice, particularly when vulnerable, is key to safe and quality patient care. I would advocate for families by utilizing my expertise to persuade the hospital authorities about the economic position of the family, their educational level, and their cultural values about patient care. I would advocate for the community by working to ensure community members are adequately and fairly treated in all matters of health.
The first Implicit Association Tests (IAT) reveals that I hold a moderate automatic preference for Arab Muslims with 26% over Other People. This means that I am likely to respond moderately respond faster to the care needs of patients from the Arap Muslim compared to other patients. ...
1Health Care DisparityBlack AmericansHispanicsLatinos.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Health Care Disparity
Black Americans
Hispanics/Latinos
Demographics
45.7 million, which is 14.3% of USA population.
15% of the USA population
Cultural Norms
Strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, strong religious orientation, take care of their own, seniors are highly respected, don’t like to admit they need help, poverty impacts education, self-esteem, quality of life and life style across.
Strong family ties, strong church and community orientation, male dominance, age dominance, negative view on asking for help, take care of their own majority are roman catholic, distrust of government, modesty is important and very proud of heritage
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
Have strong religious affiliation with Christian denominations and also Islam.
Have strong belief in the spirit world. Majority are roman CatholicsS
Primary Insurance Coverage
Most of them are not insured, but the affordable care act provision target at improving provisions that will highly improve their lives.
Six in ten Hispanic adults in USA lack health insurance.
Education
17% have attained bachelor’s degree
11% have attained bachelor’s degree
Medical Conditions
They reside at disadvantaged neighborhoods with increased risks for health disparities. Obesity in children is enormous
More than a quarter of its population lack usual health care provider. Hispanic adults have a low prevalence for many chronic diseases and a high prevalence for diabetes.
Outreach
Foundation of African American outreach program to provide assistance to Africa-Americans
Action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities
Introduction
The health of a population is influenced by both its social and its economic circumstances and health care services it receives. The health care services provided to Hispanics and black in United States of America is low. Throughout the years we have seen advancements in the health care quality received by ethnic minorities groups. But there is still a large gap when comparing minorities with their white counterparts (Vicini, 2015). This has affected the two groups which have low income families and experience poor quality care. Hispanic and blacks are less likely to have a high school education. Disparities in quality of care are common among the blacks and Hispanics in USA. For instance adults of 65 years and above receive worse care than adults with 18-44 years. Poor people have worse access to care than the high income people (Lee et al., 2003).
Healthcare Disparities between the Blacks and the Latinos in USA
The healthcare insurance status for the blacks and Latinos is low and as a result it forms barriers to access to quality health care utilization. Language barriers in health care are associated with decrease in quality of care, safety, patient and clinical satisfaction and contribute to health disparities even among people with insurance. Statistics have shown when comparing blacks and Latinos to their whi ...
Health and health care inequalities
Name
Institution
Racial inequalities and discrimination
African Americans bear disproportionate burden in injury, disease morbidity, disability and mortality. This disadvantage is mostly related to age-related mortality. African Americans are significantly at risk for early death compared to the native community. The overall death rate of death among the African Americans in the US is equivalent to that of the natives thirty years ago (Dreyer, Brettle, & Roderick, 2020). The premature death is caused by various disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular heart disease, and hypertension. For example, the cases of death due to heart-related diseases is higher among the African Americans than any other race group in the United States. These health challenges occur in the context of increasing inequalities in the rate of disease infection.
Economic differences cannot explain the difference in health inequalities even when socioeconomic status is controlled. Differences in skin tone may be the basis of the discrimination in health status. The health disparities that negatively affect the African Americans arise from many sources including social inequalities, inherited health risks, and lifestyle patterns. Health disparities could also be caused by race-based discrimination. The concept of place or geographical location is important in explaining contribution of social injustice to health risks. Various studies shows that neighborhood is important in mediating access to social connections and opportunities, all which are factors that affect health status. When neighborhood is characterized by segregation, often linked to racial concentration, then African Americans have higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Residential segregation and discrimination that creates concentrated neighborhoods where residents are poor are social spaces with concentrated health-related problems. African Americans have higher exposure to stressful environments because of fewer resources.
African American, a poor racial minority has poorer health status. The poor community is less likely to have sufficient health and social services and this create a problem of timely access to medical services. Second, the community environment expose the African American to health hazards such as air pollution, dirt, and water contamination (Barsanti & Salmi, 2017). Moreover, concentration of social inequalities and poverty and it related characteristics such as substance abuse, anxiety, unemployment, and crime often creates social environment that lessen social connectedness. Researchers link the idea of biological responses that may be triggered by neighborhood stressors. There is correlation between residential segregation and social inequality. There are different factors that concentrate social stressors which trigger risks of heart disease, cognitive impairment, and chronic inflammation. African Americans who mostly live in unhealthy ...
This public health presentation educates the community regarding Latino health and the need for more collaborate healthcare services to meet the demand.
Presentation by Paula Braveman, MD, MPH at the 2009 Virginia Health Equity Conference.
Dr. Braveman described the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Commission to Build a Healthier America and explained the RWJF’s rationale for creating the Commission and for the Commission’s work to focus on the social determinants of health, and its relevance to health equity. She also discussed the Commission’s recommendations.
1 page and cite source. Thank you.What are the implications for ho.pdfzakashjain
1 page and cite source. Thank you.
What are the implications for hospitals regarding diversity and disparity in healthcare treatment?
Solution
DISPARITIES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE :-
~ It is well documented that ethnic/racial minorities are disproportionately affected by many
health care conditions that impact their health in comparison to their white counterparts. Many
reasons are cited for these disparities, including socioeconomic status, health behaviors of the
minority groups , access to health care environmental factors, and direct and indirect
manifestations of discrimination. Other reasons cited for health disparities include lack of health
insurance, over dependence on publically funded facilities by minority groups, and barriers to
health care such as insufficient transportation, geographical location (not enough providers in an
area), and cost of services.
~ Focusing efforts to eliminate unequal burdens in health and health care can strengthen existing
solutions and policy formation related to this issue. Therefore, the purposes of this article are :-
(a) define disparities in health and health care,
(b) describe current health disparities impacting ethnic/racial groups,
(c) review historical factors associated with existing disparities in ethnic/racial groups
(d) present challenges and solutions to alleviate these disparities.
~ Definitions of Disparities in Health and Health Care
The four major ethnic/racial groups frequently cited in the literature and addressed in this article
include, African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Pacific Islander.
Traditionally these four groups, together with immigrants, the poor, and mentally retarded, have
experienced unequal burdens in health and health care reflected by high morbidity and mortality
rates. While much has been written about health disparities between the four groups cited above
and their white counterparts, African Americans represent the largest minority group and have
experienced much discrimination in this country. As a result, more citations can be found in the
literature about disparities and discrimination in this population group than for other ethnic/racial
groups.
Disparities in health are defined as unequal burdens in disease morbidity and mortality rates
experienced by ethnic/racial groups as compared to the dominant group. Causes of health
disparities include poor education, health behaviors of the minority group, poverty (inadequate
financial resources), and environmental factors. Most of these factors are access related.
\"Disparities in health care are defined as racial or ethnic differences in the quality of health care
that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences and appropriateness of
intervention\". Causes of disparities in health care relate to quality and include provider/patient
relationships, health providers of the future, provider bias and discrimination, and patient
variables such as mistrust of the health .
1Health Disparity among LatinoIntroductionHealthcare.docxdrennanmicah
1
Health Disparity among Latino
Introduction
Healthcare is one of the basic needs that a normal human being must be granted. Not only should healthcare be granted but it should be of high quality that is beneficial to all who need it. In the recent past the Latinos have experienced disparities with health care being affected. However, there are different temperaments of these disparities. This is because of the many differences that they have being foreigners these include external and internal factors such as the language barrier, limited health insurance they also seem to lack trust from the rest. However, this is not the case as the quality of healthcare differs based on very many factors some of which include external factors that goes under xenophobia such as race, geography, disability, ethnicity, sex or gender, income, immigrant status, and sexual orientation. This difference in the quality of healthcare brings in the concept of healthcare disparity among a population. In the case of Latino, these disparities are greatly influence by internal factors such as language and cultural barriers, poor healthcare literacy, limited health workers, insufficient health insurance, and distrust health providers among others.
Definably, healthcare disparity can be described as the moral standing or disability as well as elevated burden of harm which are normally felt by the majority social group. This group usually has a common location, gender, ethnicity or status. Healthcare disparity is an important factor when it comes to the discussion on the health status of a nation; this is because the variations in healthcare provided waters down the overall quality of health and also has drastic effects on the given population. The disparities that are experienced in the health sector are majorly seen by the African American, Hispanic/Latino, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans as compared to the white population of the country.
These subgroups of the populations face health disparity majorly because of social factors such as their lower literacy levels, their low economic status, poor housing that is unsafe for all human habitation, and their habitation areas are near environmental hazards. With all these contributing factors the effects of healthcare disparity are visible due to the low numbers of the population in this subgroup being able to acquire health insurance and also the high financial burden that this population experiences when disaster strikes them.
Healthcare disparity is an area where not only the government should get involved in, but also non-governmental organizations that have the will and the resources should take part in so that this situation can be rectified for it has a high impact on the finances of the individuals affected and consequently on the economy of the country. This paper, therefore, gives insight on healthcare disparity among the Latino community who have for years been on the receiving end of this situation. T.
Running head CULTURAL SENSITVITY1CULTURAL SENSITVITY2.docxsusanschei
Running head: CULTURAL SENSITVITY1
CULTURAL SENSITVITY2
Cultural Sensitivity
Name
Institution
Cultural Sensitivity
Introduction
Cultural sensitivity refers to the awareness as well as the sensitivity to culture and other practices. Cultural sensitivity can encompass examining different cultures and how they should be accurately approached in the health care. It also includes how to communicate according to within the health care setting. Cultural sensitivity is important area because it can impact the way people work in the health care facilities. It also encompasses valuing differences so as harassment and discrimination, either intended or not, do not happen. Culture is a fundamental and complex concept with consist of broad aspects of people in the health care setting (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). It includes the concepts of sexual orientation, gender, faith, age, disability, race, ethnicity, profession and socioeconomic status. Cultural sensitivity stems from this understanding in that; it is must encompass interpersonal skill as well as the knowledge that will allow the providers of health care, appreciate, understand, and work with individuals from different cultures other than theirs. It also consists of acceptance and awareness of the people’s cultural differences, knowledge, self-awareness of the cultures of the patient and adapting to the skills. Many cultural groups, including lesbian and gay people, individuals with disabilities, lower socio-economic groups and ethnic minorities, for example, African-Americans (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Cultural sensitivity is considered one of the reasons peoples do not access quality health care services because people are not aware as well as understand the effects attached to one’s culture and how it may be perceived by others. An individual's culture should not appear to be dominant in the place of work.
Healthcare Disparities and How they Relate to Cultural Sensitivity in the Healthcare Setting
Health care disparities, by definition, refer to the differences in health as well as healthcare between population groups. It typically involves a higher burden of illness, mortality experienced in the health care setting, disabilities, and injury by one population group about another. Moreover, it refers to the differences between groups in the health care facilities regarding provision of care services, its access, and quality given. This issue are related to the people’s cultural sensitivity in that the issue surrounds this concept are based on socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, age, and disability status. Similarly, cultural insensitivity arises from disparities that in return causes care limit as well as continued improvement in overall quality of cares (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Health care disparities can be exacerbated by looking at some things that comprise specific health conditions, provider biases, differences in access to care, poor patient-provider comm ...
Ch. 2 Comparing Vulnerable Groups
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
Explain the difference between curative and preventive approaches to health care.
Identify common factors among vulnerable populations.
Examine age as it relates to the concept of vulnerability.
Determine the ways in which gender contributes to vulnerability.
Discuss how culture and ethnicity affect vulnerability on both personal and population levels.
Explain the relationship between education and income levels, and vulnerability.
Introduction
The United States boasts one of the most robust health care systems in the world. It is statistically credited with the longer healthy lifetimes enjoyed by a majority of the American population. Advances in medical science and technology certainly improve medical interventions, but a recent change in the philosophy of medical care is credited with improving the population's health on a macro level. As the cost of health care in America soared during the 1990s and 2000s, the health care community's focus shifted from curative care to preventive medicine.
Curative medicine focuses on curing existing diseases and conditions. In contrast, preventive medicine works by educating the community on healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise, nutritious food choices, and abstention from smoking. The idea is to prevent or forestall disease rather than wait until someone falls ill before providing treatment; however, living healthy lifestyles is still a personal choice. Studies indicate that preventive health care reduces morbidity, and that a preventive approach not only thwarts diseases that are associated with unhealthy choices, such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, but also creates strong immune systems to fight common illnesses like flu and cold viruses. Furthermore, people who do not get sick are more productive workers because they do not have as many sickness-related absences. This point is particularly important when considering vulnerable populations. For many people, especially those in the most at-risk groups, workdays lost to illness means days without pay. Financial instability detracts from a person's social status, which is a nonmaterial resource that contributes to vulnerability. Less social status means less access to community resources, such as health care and fresh foods. Lack of resource access leads to more illness, and so the cycle continues.
Many individuals have limited access to health care, which includes the inability to access medical clinics for reasons of proximity, the lack of insurance coverage, and financial constraints such as inability to pay for medical treatments. Preventive medicine focuses on educating people before they become ill, but resource accessibility restricts preventive medicine programs and responsive health care programs from reaching the most at-risk populations. Evidence of this is seen in data on topics like bre ...
Addressing child health disparities: We made the case, we need a movement!renataschiavo
This presentations reviews recent studies and experiences on child health disparities, and provides insights and recommendations to advance child health equity. It was presented at the 2015 Health Equity Capacity Institute of the CDC Division of Community Health, Office of Health Equity.
1Running head OBESITY IN MIDWESTERN CHILDREN.docxherminaprocter
1
Running head: OBESITY IN MIDWESTERN CHILDREN
Obesity in Midwestern Adolescents
NR222: Health and Wellness
January 2019
Obesity in Midwestern Adolescents
It is no secret that obesity in America is at an alarming level and although we see its prevalence in adults, we often fail to discuss its rising rates within adolescents. Children are now facing the possibility of higher mortality rates, when in reality, children should be living longer than their parents. With obesity striking Midwestern communities, this paper aims to focus on understanding why children in these communities are at a higher risk and what actions are needed to help them overcome this harmful life style. This is incredibly important in order to restore and maintain health. Children who are obese have a higher comorbidity for chronic diseases that typically only affect adults such as, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia as well as psychological disorders. This stresses the importance that adolescents should be happy and healthy, not a statistic.
Target Population: Midwestern Adolescents
To be considered as this paper’s target population an individual must meet two criteria: the person must reside in the American Midwest and be an adolescent. The State of Obesity (2016-17) ranks all fifty states against one another in obesity. Although the rankings are not confined to adolescents, it highlights where midwestern states stand in relation to the rest of the United States. The lower the number next to the state, higher portion of the population is obese : 6. Ohio (18.6%), 10. Iowa (17.7%), 11. Indiana (17.5%), 12. Michigan (17.3%), 17. Illinois (16.2%), 23. Nebraska (15.5%), 31. Wisconsin (14.3%), 34. South Dakota (13.6%), 38. Kansas (13.0%), 40. Missouri (12.7%), 42. North Dakota (12.5%) and 48. Minnesota (10.4%).These statistics provide an overview of midwestern obesity, let us now turn to risk factors contributing to adolescent specific obesity. The goal of Healthy People 2020 is to increase life expectancy and quality of life. According to their website, 1 in 6 children and adolescents are obese. That number is concerning because many adolescents do not understand the consequences of their actions and how it can be detrimental later on in their adult years. Healthy People 2020 initiatives are aimed in helping adolescents in 1. achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, 2. Reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, 3. Reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer, 4. Strengthen muscles, bones and joints and 5. Improve mood and energy level (Healthy People 2020, n.d.).According to Stanford Children’s Health (n.d.),one of the biggest contributors to adolescent obesity is excessive food intake which results in a surplus of caloric intake. A diet that is high in sugar and fat, as well as processed, will result in weight gain. As busy parents tend to their kids and their extracurriculars, eating on the go often results in poor food and bev.
Reasons for Disparities in Health and HealthCareYiscah Bracha
Draws attention to population health, and ways to assess differences between populations in health and health care. Presented to an ethnically diverse group of residents at a family practice clinic in Minneapolis. August 08.
This public health presentation educates the community regarding Latino health and the need for more collaborate healthcare services to meet the demand.
Presentation by Paula Braveman, MD, MPH at the 2009 Virginia Health Equity Conference.
Dr. Braveman described the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Commission to Build a Healthier America and explained the RWJF’s rationale for creating the Commission and for the Commission’s work to focus on the social determinants of health, and its relevance to health equity. She also discussed the Commission’s recommendations.
1 page and cite source. Thank you.What are the implications for ho.pdfzakashjain
1 page and cite source. Thank you.
What are the implications for hospitals regarding diversity and disparity in healthcare treatment?
Solution
DISPARITIES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE :-
~ It is well documented that ethnic/racial minorities are disproportionately affected by many
health care conditions that impact their health in comparison to their white counterparts. Many
reasons are cited for these disparities, including socioeconomic status, health behaviors of the
minority groups , access to health care environmental factors, and direct and indirect
manifestations of discrimination. Other reasons cited for health disparities include lack of health
insurance, over dependence on publically funded facilities by minority groups, and barriers to
health care such as insufficient transportation, geographical location (not enough providers in an
area), and cost of services.
~ Focusing efforts to eliminate unequal burdens in health and health care can strengthen existing
solutions and policy formation related to this issue. Therefore, the purposes of this article are :-
(a) define disparities in health and health care,
(b) describe current health disparities impacting ethnic/racial groups,
(c) review historical factors associated with existing disparities in ethnic/racial groups
(d) present challenges and solutions to alleviate these disparities.
~ Definitions of Disparities in Health and Health Care
The four major ethnic/racial groups frequently cited in the literature and addressed in this article
include, African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Pacific Islander.
Traditionally these four groups, together with immigrants, the poor, and mentally retarded, have
experienced unequal burdens in health and health care reflected by high morbidity and mortality
rates. While much has been written about health disparities between the four groups cited above
and their white counterparts, African Americans represent the largest minority group and have
experienced much discrimination in this country. As a result, more citations can be found in the
literature about disparities and discrimination in this population group than for other ethnic/racial
groups.
Disparities in health are defined as unequal burdens in disease morbidity and mortality rates
experienced by ethnic/racial groups as compared to the dominant group. Causes of health
disparities include poor education, health behaviors of the minority group, poverty (inadequate
financial resources), and environmental factors. Most of these factors are access related.
\"Disparities in health care are defined as racial or ethnic differences in the quality of health care
that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences and appropriateness of
intervention\". Causes of disparities in health care relate to quality and include provider/patient
relationships, health providers of the future, provider bias and discrimination, and patient
variables such as mistrust of the health .
1Health Disparity among LatinoIntroductionHealthcare.docxdrennanmicah
1
Health Disparity among Latino
Introduction
Healthcare is one of the basic needs that a normal human being must be granted. Not only should healthcare be granted but it should be of high quality that is beneficial to all who need it. In the recent past the Latinos have experienced disparities with health care being affected. However, there are different temperaments of these disparities. This is because of the many differences that they have being foreigners these include external and internal factors such as the language barrier, limited health insurance they also seem to lack trust from the rest. However, this is not the case as the quality of healthcare differs based on very many factors some of which include external factors that goes under xenophobia such as race, geography, disability, ethnicity, sex or gender, income, immigrant status, and sexual orientation. This difference in the quality of healthcare brings in the concept of healthcare disparity among a population. In the case of Latino, these disparities are greatly influence by internal factors such as language and cultural barriers, poor healthcare literacy, limited health workers, insufficient health insurance, and distrust health providers among others.
Definably, healthcare disparity can be described as the moral standing or disability as well as elevated burden of harm which are normally felt by the majority social group. This group usually has a common location, gender, ethnicity or status. Healthcare disparity is an important factor when it comes to the discussion on the health status of a nation; this is because the variations in healthcare provided waters down the overall quality of health and also has drastic effects on the given population. The disparities that are experienced in the health sector are majorly seen by the African American, Hispanic/Latino, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans as compared to the white population of the country.
These subgroups of the populations face health disparity majorly because of social factors such as their lower literacy levels, their low economic status, poor housing that is unsafe for all human habitation, and their habitation areas are near environmental hazards. With all these contributing factors the effects of healthcare disparity are visible due to the low numbers of the population in this subgroup being able to acquire health insurance and also the high financial burden that this population experiences when disaster strikes them.
Healthcare disparity is an area where not only the government should get involved in, but also non-governmental organizations that have the will and the resources should take part in so that this situation can be rectified for it has a high impact on the finances of the individuals affected and consequently on the economy of the country. This paper, therefore, gives insight on healthcare disparity among the Latino community who have for years been on the receiving end of this situation. T.
Running head CULTURAL SENSITVITY1CULTURAL SENSITVITY2.docxsusanschei
Running head: CULTURAL SENSITVITY1
CULTURAL SENSITVITY2
Cultural Sensitivity
Name
Institution
Cultural Sensitivity
Introduction
Cultural sensitivity refers to the awareness as well as the sensitivity to culture and other practices. Cultural sensitivity can encompass examining different cultures and how they should be accurately approached in the health care. It also includes how to communicate according to within the health care setting. Cultural sensitivity is important area because it can impact the way people work in the health care facilities. It also encompasses valuing differences so as harassment and discrimination, either intended or not, do not happen. Culture is a fundamental and complex concept with consist of broad aspects of people in the health care setting (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). It includes the concepts of sexual orientation, gender, faith, age, disability, race, ethnicity, profession and socioeconomic status. Cultural sensitivity stems from this understanding in that; it is must encompass interpersonal skill as well as the knowledge that will allow the providers of health care, appreciate, understand, and work with individuals from different cultures other than theirs. It also consists of acceptance and awareness of the people’s cultural differences, knowledge, self-awareness of the cultures of the patient and adapting to the skills. Many cultural groups, including lesbian and gay people, individuals with disabilities, lower socio-economic groups and ethnic minorities, for example, African-Americans (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Cultural sensitivity is considered one of the reasons peoples do not access quality health care services because people are not aware as well as understand the effects attached to one’s culture and how it may be perceived by others. An individual's culture should not appear to be dominant in the place of work.
Healthcare Disparities and How they Relate to Cultural Sensitivity in the Healthcare Setting
Health care disparities, by definition, refer to the differences in health as well as healthcare between population groups. It typically involves a higher burden of illness, mortality experienced in the health care setting, disabilities, and injury by one population group about another. Moreover, it refers to the differences between groups in the health care facilities regarding provision of care services, its access, and quality given. This issue are related to the people’s cultural sensitivity in that the issue surrounds this concept are based on socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, age, and disability status. Similarly, cultural insensitivity arises from disparities that in return causes care limit as well as continued improvement in overall quality of cares (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Health care disparities can be exacerbated by looking at some things that comprise specific health conditions, provider biases, differences in access to care, poor patient-provider comm ...
Ch. 2 Comparing Vulnerable Groups
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
Explain the difference between curative and preventive approaches to health care.
Identify common factors among vulnerable populations.
Examine age as it relates to the concept of vulnerability.
Determine the ways in which gender contributes to vulnerability.
Discuss how culture and ethnicity affect vulnerability on both personal and population levels.
Explain the relationship between education and income levels, and vulnerability.
Introduction
The United States boasts one of the most robust health care systems in the world. It is statistically credited with the longer healthy lifetimes enjoyed by a majority of the American population. Advances in medical science and technology certainly improve medical interventions, but a recent change in the philosophy of medical care is credited with improving the population's health on a macro level. As the cost of health care in America soared during the 1990s and 2000s, the health care community's focus shifted from curative care to preventive medicine.
Curative medicine focuses on curing existing diseases and conditions. In contrast, preventive medicine works by educating the community on healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise, nutritious food choices, and abstention from smoking. The idea is to prevent or forestall disease rather than wait until someone falls ill before providing treatment; however, living healthy lifestyles is still a personal choice. Studies indicate that preventive health care reduces morbidity, and that a preventive approach not only thwarts diseases that are associated with unhealthy choices, such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, but also creates strong immune systems to fight common illnesses like flu and cold viruses. Furthermore, people who do not get sick are more productive workers because they do not have as many sickness-related absences. This point is particularly important when considering vulnerable populations. For many people, especially those in the most at-risk groups, workdays lost to illness means days without pay. Financial instability detracts from a person's social status, which is a nonmaterial resource that contributes to vulnerability. Less social status means less access to community resources, such as health care and fresh foods. Lack of resource access leads to more illness, and so the cycle continues.
Many individuals have limited access to health care, which includes the inability to access medical clinics for reasons of proximity, the lack of insurance coverage, and financial constraints such as inability to pay for medical treatments. Preventive medicine focuses on educating people before they become ill, but resource accessibility restricts preventive medicine programs and responsive health care programs from reaching the most at-risk populations. Evidence of this is seen in data on topics like bre ...
Addressing child health disparities: We made the case, we need a movement!renataschiavo
This presentations reviews recent studies and experiences on child health disparities, and provides insights and recommendations to advance child health equity. It was presented at the 2015 Health Equity Capacity Institute of the CDC Division of Community Health, Office of Health Equity.
1Running head OBESITY IN MIDWESTERN CHILDREN.docxherminaprocter
1
Running head: OBESITY IN MIDWESTERN CHILDREN
Obesity in Midwestern Adolescents
NR222: Health and Wellness
January 2019
Obesity in Midwestern Adolescents
It is no secret that obesity in America is at an alarming level and although we see its prevalence in adults, we often fail to discuss its rising rates within adolescents. Children are now facing the possibility of higher mortality rates, when in reality, children should be living longer than their parents. With obesity striking Midwestern communities, this paper aims to focus on understanding why children in these communities are at a higher risk and what actions are needed to help them overcome this harmful life style. This is incredibly important in order to restore and maintain health. Children who are obese have a higher comorbidity for chronic diseases that typically only affect adults such as, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia as well as psychological disorders. This stresses the importance that adolescents should be happy and healthy, not a statistic.
Target Population: Midwestern Adolescents
To be considered as this paper’s target population an individual must meet two criteria: the person must reside in the American Midwest and be an adolescent. The State of Obesity (2016-17) ranks all fifty states against one another in obesity. Although the rankings are not confined to adolescents, it highlights where midwestern states stand in relation to the rest of the United States. The lower the number next to the state, higher portion of the population is obese : 6. Ohio (18.6%), 10. Iowa (17.7%), 11. Indiana (17.5%), 12. Michigan (17.3%), 17. Illinois (16.2%), 23. Nebraska (15.5%), 31. Wisconsin (14.3%), 34. South Dakota (13.6%), 38. Kansas (13.0%), 40. Missouri (12.7%), 42. North Dakota (12.5%) and 48. Minnesota (10.4%).These statistics provide an overview of midwestern obesity, let us now turn to risk factors contributing to adolescent specific obesity. The goal of Healthy People 2020 is to increase life expectancy and quality of life. According to their website, 1 in 6 children and adolescents are obese. That number is concerning because many adolescents do not understand the consequences of their actions and how it can be detrimental later on in their adult years. Healthy People 2020 initiatives are aimed in helping adolescents in 1. achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, 2. Reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, 3. Reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer, 4. Strengthen muscles, bones and joints and 5. Improve mood and energy level (Healthy People 2020, n.d.).According to Stanford Children’s Health (n.d.),one of the biggest contributors to adolescent obesity is excessive food intake which results in a surplus of caloric intake. A diet that is high in sugar and fat, as well as processed, will result in weight gain. As busy parents tend to their kids and their extracurriculars, eating on the go often results in poor food and bev.
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NUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child Obesity in Harlem Paper.docx
1. NUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child Obesity in Harlem Paper
NUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child Obesity in Harlem PaperORDER HERE FOR
ORIGINAL, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERS ON NUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child Obesity
in Harlem PaperCompetencyAnalyze the influence of cultural, socioeconomic, and
behavioral factors on public health.ScenarioAs a public health nurse at a community clinic,
your supervisor has asked you to research and examine childhood obesity in the
community. You have been asked to create a visual concept map to be shared during a staff
meeting to illustrate your findings on the cultural, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors
that are contributing to childhood obesity as well as determining how the community clinic
can promote healthy behaviors to address childhood obesity. NUR4244CBE Rasmussen
College Child Obesity in Harlem PaperInstructionsCreate a visual concept map on child
obesity and the factors influencing childhood obesity that:Identifies a specific community to
research and provides statistical data on childhood obesity in the selected
community.Analyzes the cultural, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors that influence
childhood obesity.Illustrates the connection between childhood obesity, behavior, culture,
and socioeconomic status.Describes how the promotion of health behaviors will help to
reduce and ultimately eliminate childhood obesity.Explains ways the public health nurse
can support healthy behaviors while responding to the diverse needs in the
community.Provides stated ideas with professional language and attribution for credible
sources with correct APA citation, spelling, and grammar in the visual concept
map.Resources NUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child Obesity in Harlem PaperLibrary
DatabasesHealth Source: Nursing/Academic Edition Database FAQWebsitesPolicy
MapGuides & FAQsConcept Map FAQPolicy Map TutorialsSearching the MapSearch by
Census Tract and Block GroupData Layer LegendAPA GuideCredible Sources FAQNursing
GuideRasmussen’s Answers/FAQsNUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child Obesity in
Harlem Paperattachment_1Unformatted Attachment PreviewNUR4244 Public Health
Material Deliv 2 Socioeconomic Causes of Health Disparities In the last twenty years,
professionals involved in setting the Healthy People objectives have taken into
consideration the social and economic factors that can affect health status. These can
include living in a rural versus metropolitan versus crowded urban location, varying levels
of income and financial resources, education levels, family structure, race and ethnicity,
gender, sexual orientation, genetic predisposition, and occupation. Each of these variables
can be factored into reasons for varying health outcomes for specific diseases, as well as for
overall perceptions of well-being. Geography Geography affects both the environment and
2. the ability to access health care services. The residents of rural communities are much the
same as urban communities with varying levels of education, professions, and beliefs about
disease prevention and health promotion. Disease and life expectancy are affected by
income. Higher levels of income improve access to health care. However, even the wealthy
may have to travel long distances for health services and specialty care, so access continues
to be a factor for all. Education and Income Higher educational levels are associated with
higher incomes. Those with regular employment are more likely to have health insurance,
access to safe housing, the resources for adequate nutrition, and good schools for their
children. Those with lower education levels often have poorer health outcomes for a
multitude of reasons, including less income for affordable and safe housing, food, and
healthcare. Families with lower incomes and no health insurance tend to put off primary
preventive care and seek healthcare only when ill. NUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child
Obesity in Harlem PaperPoverty and crowded inner city communities have higher rates of
youth and gun violence, higher reported rates of mental health issues and substance abuse,
as well as prostitution. Sub-standard living conditions can contribute to asthma, lead
poisoning, and poor immune status due to less access to healthy food. Occupation Exposure
to occupational injury and the potential for disabling conditions are higher in certain
professions than others are. Those who work in mines, meat processing, building trades,
and manufacturing have poorer health outcomes than those who work in white-collar jobs.
These jobs are also less likely to offer health insurance, another confounding variable. Race
and Ethnicity Minorities in the United States have higher morbidity and mortality for
certain disease conditions, including hypertension and diabetes, certain cancers, and
HIV/AIDS. While statistics are available for black and Latino populations, increasing inter-
marriage is blurring this distinction in generations that are more recent. Asians account for
an increasing minority in the US, and health outcomes vary according to economic status.
Smaller populations such as those of Middle Eastern descent are still too small to be
statistically significant in estimating overall health disparities. Gender and Genetics Women
are at more risk for female reproductive disorders, as males are for prostate and testicular
cancer. In general, women seek out medical and mental health services more often than
men do, and their life expectancy is longer. Whether this is related to gender, genetics, or
selfcare is poorly understood. The opioid epidemic of the 2010s has resulted in decreased
life expectancy in white males, as this epidemic has disproportionately affected low and
middle-income males in their midlife years. Men have more vehicular accidents and are
more likely to have untreated hypertension than women are. Genetic predisposition is also
a cause of health disparities and is an area of substantial research interest in the years since
the human genome was mapped. This rapidly evolving area is one to watch in the future.
Sexual Orientation While there are some studies suggesting health disparities between the
LGBT population and the heterosexual population, little is known about whether this is
related to fear of discrimination, stress, and anxiety related to societal norms, or physical
health related conditions. Public Health Nursing and Disparities Public health nurses are
frequently in contact with those who are considered at risk for health disparities. Most
often, these are poor, minority populations. It is important for understanding and
acceptance, as there are many complicating educational, economic, and social factors.
3. Health and language literacy may be factors in communication and compliance. Lack of
resources may restrict the ability to obtain healthy foods and medications. It is critical to
advocate for your population, regardless of socio-economic handicaps. Source(s) Adler, N. E.
& Rehkopf, D. H. (2018). U.S. disparities in health: Descriptions, Causes, and Mechanisms.
Annual Review of Public Health Vol. 29:235-252. Retrieved from
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.02 0907.090852
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: Home. (2019, January 10). Retrieved from
https://www.rwjf.org/ Role of Culture on Health Behaviors Culture means many things to
different people. Culture may be tied to the country of origin, such as Ireland, India, or Cuba.
Even among cultures that are often put into categories such as Asians and Latinos have
different countries of origins, with their unique cultural values, norms, and habits. As
different cultures adapt to new regions, there are generational differences in attitudes and
beliefs. Religion and religious upbringing can also be cultural influences. Even regions of the
United States celebrate different cultures and stereotypes. Culture can influence health
behaviors, which is why it is important to understand that generalizing behaviors among
populations can blind us to hearing what individuals have to say. Arab and Muslim Cultures
Looking at specific health habits and issues in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can provide
some insights into how culture influences health decisions. It is seen as an entry into
manhood when males begin smoking. The wealthier one is, the less one does manual labor
and the richer the diet. Women may not exercise in public and are limited to private gyms
and studios. NUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child Obesity in Harlem PaperAs a result,
obesity is an epidemic in the Kingdom, with heart disease, diabetes, and lung cancer rates as
the leading contributors to morbidity and mortality. Changing these social norms is
challenging for a culture where these values are set. Asian Cultures The traditional Asian
concept of health involves a balance of energy or chi. Immigrants may see health and illness
differently from Western practitioners and rely more on herbal remedies and traditional
methods such as acupuncture. Practitioners of Western medicine in countries like Vietnam,
China, and Thailand do not have access to the level of care that is common in America and
may not be accustomed to participating in care decisions. Asian societies often do not
acknowledge mental illness or disability, as it may make marrying into the family
undesirable. Family Relationships and the Role of Women Cultures that value family, like
many Latino and Asian cultures, may have strong support for family members during
illness. This type of family value may also mean that key family members should be included
when making an end of life decisions. The family matriarch or patriarch may make decisions
on the allocation of health resources and the support for mental health services. In some
cultures, women are not allowed to seek treatment or make their own health decisions. This
lack of independence can be a cause of conflict and ethical concern in American healthcare
settings. Understanding these cultural differences and respecting the wishes of the family
decision-maker may be key to getting women any care at all. Religious Decisions Religious
Beliefs can also influence decisions about healthcare services. Traditional Catholics may
follow church teachings on the use of birth control, sterilization procedures, and abortion.
Traditional Jewish families chose circumcision for their male children, as do many non-
Jewish families. Faiths may incorporate fasting days or dietary restrictions that can affect
4. nutrition needs. Nursing Actions The Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ)
suggests key questions for nurses to ask when addressing culture and health
decisionmaking. Noted nursing researcher Madeline Leininger first published her Theory of
Transcultural Nursing in 1961. She has since developed that theory into the Culture Care
Theory. Her core precepts are that culturally sensitive care helps others to achieve their
optimal level of health, as everyone defines it. Culture care diversity refers to different
meanings, values, and acceptable forms of care. Nurses are encouraged to use this
information to encourage the adoption of acceptable behaviors that improve the human
condition while retaining each person’s cultural values. This theoretical framework is
beneficial in public health nursing when encountering different cultural norms and values.
Source(s) AHRQ Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit. (2015, February 20).
Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patientsafety/quality-
resources/tools/literacy-toolkit/index.html Leininger’s Culture Care Theory. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/leininger-
culturecare-theory.php Promotion of Health and Well-being The ten leading causes of death
in the United States accounted for 75% of all deaths in 2017 were heart disease, cancer,
chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, unintentional injury, Alzheimer’s, diabetes
mellitus, pneumonia/flu, nephritis/nephrotic syndrome, and suicide. Seven of the ten
leading causes of death in the United States are attributable to a chronic illness that can be
reduced with five behavioral health factors, including not smoking, maintaining normal
body weight, being physically active, moderate to no alcohol intake, and getting sufficient
sleep. Smoking Unfortunately, approximately 25% of American adults continue to smoke.
Although smoking rates for adolescents has declined over time, the increase in vaping
activity presents unknown health risks. The legalization of recreational marijuana is also
not being factored into the risks of lung damage and lung cancer. Obesity American adult
obesity in 2017 was reported for 39.8% of the population or 9.3 million adults. Hispanics
were most impacted at 47% and the black population at 37.9%. Those with higher
education and income level were less likely to be obese. Obesity contributes to rising rates
of diabetes mellitus, which in turn is affecting the rates of kidney disease, cardiovascular
disease, and other morbidities. Childhood obesity is a particular concern, as children
become more sedentary and eat significant amounts of fast food. Childhood obesity rates
have continued to rise in the last decade, which puts children at higher risk for early onset
of hypertension and diabetes. Physical Activity The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention Center for Health Statistics reported that only 20% of American adults met the
recommended physical activity for aerobic and strength exercise in 2017. NUR4244CBE
Rasmussen College Child Obesity in Harlem PaperOnly 1 in 3 children participate in regular
exercise activity, spending an average of seven and a half hours in screen time each day.
Twenty percent of Americans are physically inactive. Physical activity improves overall
cardiovascular health, muscle strength and balance, and overall well-being. While some
areas are not near parks or sidewalk areas, there are numerous exercise regimens of all
levels available on television, smartphones, and IPad. Many community facilities such as
recreation centers and the YMCA have exercise and healthy eating programs, as well as
organized sports for all ages. The decision to participate in regular exercise can have a
5. significant impact on health and well-being. Alcohol Use The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention Center for Health Statistics reported that excessive alcohol use led to
approximately 88,000 deaths and 2.5 million years of potential life lost between 2006 and
2010. Excessive alcohol use is responsible for 1 in ten deaths among working adults ages 20
to 64 years. Short-term risks include injuries, violence, and risky sexual behaviors. Those
who binge drink (more than five drinks during a single occasion) are at risk for acute
alcohol poisoning, often seen among young men of college age. Women who drink while
pregnant risk miscarriage or stillbirth. Those who use alcohol regularly during pregnancy
have an increased risk of fetal alcohol syndrome in their children. Fetal alcohol syndrome is
a condition where the child has facial and other congenital abnormalities and intellectual
disabilities. Long-term health risks include hypertension, liver disease, and digestive
problems. Mental health and social problems, as well as memory issues, are common in
those who drink excessively. Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, requires both physical and
mental health services, often in a rehabilitation setting. Other programs such as Alcoholics
Anonymous offer peer support for abstinence. Sleep and Health Harvard University School
of Medicine has taken a leadership role in addressing how insufficient sleep contributes to
the development of disease. Research suggests that sleep is just as important to health as
nutrition and exercise. Sleeping fewer than eight hours per night has been associated with
weight gain, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, compromised immune
response, and increase in the risk for a common cold. Rates of sleep apnea, a condition
where the individual stops breathing during sleep, have been increasing in parallel to the
rates of obesity. Obesity is also a known risk factor for the development of sleep apnea.
Public Health Nursing Public health nurses have the opportunity to work with individuals,
families, and communities to educate constituents about the top three factors that account
for over 75% of chronic diseases. While education is important, clients need to know what
they can do to change their behaviors. It is important to know where programs are in the
community that can assist with exercise, weight management, smoking, alcohol cessation,
and addressing sleep disturbances. Support for accessing programs and then following
through with behavior change is important to reversing risk factors. Source(s) CDC – Fact
Sheets-Alcohol Use And Health – Alcohol. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm Overweight & Obesity. (2018,
August 13). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html Physical
Activity. (2018, November 13). Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/data/index.html Sleep and Health. (n.d.). Retrieved
from http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/need-sleep/whats-in-it-foryou/health
…NUR4244CBE Rasmussen College Child Obesity in Harlem Paper