Health and health care inequalities
Name
Institution
Racial inequalities and discrimination
African Americans bear disproportionate burden in injury, disease morbidity, disability and mortality. This disadvantage is mostly related to age-related mortality. African Americans are significantly at risk for early death compared to the native community. The overall death rate of death among the African Americans in the US is equivalent to that of the natives thirty years ago (Dreyer, Brettle, & Roderick, 2020). The premature death is caused by various disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular heart disease, and hypertension. For example, the cases of death due to heart-related diseases is higher among the African Americans than any other race group in the United States. These health challenges occur in the context of increasing inequalities in the rate of disease infection.
Economic differences cannot explain the difference in health inequalities even when socioeconomic status is controlled. Differences in skin tone may be the basis of the discrimination in health status. The health disparities that negatively affect the African Americans arise from many sources including social inequalities, inherited health risks, and lifestyle patterns. Health disparities could also be caused by race-based discrimination. The concept of place or geographical location is important in explaining contribution of social injustice to health risks. Various studies shows that neighborhood is important in mediating access to social connections and opportunities, all which are factors that affect health status. When neighborhood is characterized by segregation, often linked to racial concentration, then African Americans have higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Residential segregation and discrimination that creates concentrated neighborhoods where residents are poor are social spaces with concentrated health-related problems. African Americans have higher exposure to stressful environments because of fewer resources.
African American, a poor racial minority has poorer health status. The poor community is less likely to have sufficient health and social services and this create a problem of timely access to medical services. Second, the community environment expose the African American to health hazards such as air pollution, dirt, and water contamination (Barsanti & Salmi, 2017). Moreover, concentration of social inequalities and poverty and it related characteristics such as substance abuse, anxiety, unemployment, and crime often creates social environment that lessen social connectedness. Researchers link the idea of biological responses that may be triggered by neighborhood stressors. There is correlation between residential segregation and social inequality. There are different factors that concentrate social stressors which trigger risks of heart disease, cognitive impairment, and chronic inflammation. African Americans who mostly live in unhealthy ...
1 page and cite source. Thank you.What are the implications for ho.pdfzakashjain
1 page and cite source. Thank you.
What are the implications for hospitals regarding diversity and disparity in healthcare treatment?
Solution
DISPARITIES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE :-
~ It is well documented that ethnic/racial minorities are disproportionately affected by many
health care conditions that impact their health in comparison to their white counterparts. Many
reasons are cited for these disparities, including socioeconomic status, health behaviors of the
minority groups , access to health care environmental factors, and direct and indirect
manifestations of discrimination. Other reasons cited for health disparities include lack of health
insurance, over dependence on publically funded facilities by minority groups, and barriers to
health care such as insufficient transportation, geographical location (not enough providers in an
area), and cost of services.
~ Focusing efforts to eliminate unequal burdens in health and health care can strengthen existing
solutions and policy formation related to this issue. Therefore, the purposes of this article are :-
(a) define disparities in health and health care,
(b) describe current health disparities impacting ethnic/racial groups,
(c) review historical factors associated with existing disparities in ethnic/racial groups
(d) present challenges and solutions to alleviate these disparities.
~ Definitions of Disparities in Health and Health Care
The four major ethnic/racial groups frequently cited in the literature and addressed in this article
include, African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Pacific Islander.
Traditionally these four groups, together with immigrants, the poor, and mentally retarded, have
experienced unequal burdens in health and health care reflected by high morbidity and mortality
rates. While much has been written about health disparities between the four groups cited above
and their white counterparts, African Americans represent the largest minority group and have
experienced much discrimination in this country. As a result, more citations can be found in the
literature about disparities and discrimination in this population group than for other ethnic/racial
groups.
Disparities in health are defined as unequal burdens in disease morbidity and mortality rates
experienced by ethnic/racial groups as compared to the dominant group. Causes of health
disparities include poor education, health behaviors of the minority group, poverty (inadequate
financial resources), and environmental factors. Most of these factors are access related.
\"Disparities in health care are defined as racial or ethnic differences in the quality of health care
that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences and appropriateness of
intervention\". Causes of disparities in health care relate to quality and include provider/patient
relationships, health providers of the future, provider bias and discrimination, and patient
variables such as mistrust of the health .
1Health Care DisparityBlack AmericansHispanicsLatinos.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Health Care Disparity
Black Americans
Hispanics/Latinos
Demographics
45.7 million, which is 14.3% of USA population.
15% of the USA population
Cultural Norms
Strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, strong religious orientation, take care of their own, seniors are highly respected, don’t like to admit they need help, poverty impacts education, self-esteem, quality of life and life style across.
Strong family ties, strong church and community orientation, male dominance, age dominance, negative view on asking for help, take care of their own majority are roman catholic, distrust of government, modesty is important and very proud of heritage
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
Have strong religious affiliation with Christian denominations and also Islam.
Have strong belief in the spirit world. Majority are roman CatholicsS
Primary Insurance Coverage
Most of them are not insured, but the affordable care act provision target at improving provisions that will highly improve their lives.
Six in ten Hispanic adults in USA lack health insurance.
Education
17% have attained bachelor’s degree
11% have attained bachelor’s degree
Medical Conditions
They reside at disadvantaged neighborhoods with increased risks for health disparities. Obesity in children is enormous
More than a quarter of its population lack usual health care provider. Hispanic adults have a low prevalence for many chronic diseases and a high prevalence for diabetes.
Outreach
Foundation of African American outreach program to provide assistance to Africa-Americans
Action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities
Introduction
The health of a population is influenced by both its social and its economic circumstances and health care services it receives. The health care services provided to Hispanics and black in United States of America is low. Throughout the years we have seen advancements in the health care quality received by ethnic minorities groups. But there is still a large gap when comparing minorities with their white counterparts (Vicini, 2015). This has affected the two groups which have low income families and experience poor quality care. Hispanic and blacks are less likely to have a high school education. Disparities in quality of care are common among the blacks and Hispanics in USA. For instance adults of 65 years and above receive worse care than adults with 18-44 years. Poor people have worse access to care than the high income people (Lee et al., 2003).
Healthcare Disparities between the Blacks and the Latinos in USA
The healthcare insurance status for the blacks and Latinos is low and as a result it forms barriers to access to quality health care utilization. Language barriers in health care are associated with decrease in quality of care, safety, patient and clinical satisfaction and contribute to health disparities even among people with insurance. Statistics have shown when comparing blacks and Latinos to their whi ...
Running head CULTURAL SENSITVITY1CULTURAL SENSITVITY2.docxsusanschei
Running head: CULTURAL SENSITVITY1
CULTURAL SENSITVITY2
Cultural Sensitivity
Name
Institution
Cultural Sensitivity
Introduction
Cultural sensitivity refers to the awareness as well as the sensitivity to culture and other practices. Cultural sensitivity can encompass examining different cultures and how they should be accurately approached in the health care. It also includes how to communicate according to within the health care setting. Cultural sensitivity is important area because it can impact the way people work in the health care facilities. It also encompasses valuing differences so as harassment and discrimination, either intended or not, do not happen. Culture is a fundamental and complex concept with consist of broad aspects of people in the health care setting (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). It includes the concepts of sexual orientation, gender, faith, age, disability, race, ethnicity, profession and socioeconomic status. Cultural sensitivity stems from this understanding in that; it is must encompass interpersonal skill as well as the knowledge that will allow the providers of health care, appreciate, understand, and work with individuals from different cultures other than theirs. It also consists of acceptance and awareness of the people’s cultural differences, knowledge, self-awareness of the cultures of the patient and adapting to the skills. Many cultural groups, including lesbian and gay people, individuals with disabilities, lower socio-economic groups and ethnic minorities, for example, African-Americans (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Cultural sensitivity is considered one of the reasons peoples do not access quality health care services because people are not aware as well as understand the effects attached to one’s culture and how it may be perceived by others. An individual's culture should not appear to be dominant in the place of work.
Healthcare Disparities and How they Relate to Cultural Sensitivity in the Healthcare Setting
Health care disparities, by definition, refer to the differences in health as well as healthcare between population groups. It typically involves a higher burden of illness, mortality experienced in the health care setting, disabilities, and injury by one population group about another. Moreover, it refers to the differences between groups in the health care facilities regarding provision of care services, its access, and quality given. This issue are related to the people’s cultural sensitivity in that the issue surrounds this concept are based on socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, age, and disability status. Similarly, cultural insensitivity arises from disparities that in return causes care limit as well as continued improvement in overall quality of cares (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Health care disparities can be exacerbated by looking at some things that comprise specific health conditions, provider biases, differences in access to care, poor patient-provider comm ...
1
Healthcare
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor’s Name
Date
Healthcare
Health inequity is a serious healthcare problem that negatively affects everyone. This problem worsens the health outcomes of the population it directly impacts and those with resources and power. For instance, health disparity makes it hard to control, contain and treat infections illnesses, like the Covid-19, therefore putting everyone at risk of contracting the disease regardless of their socioeconomic class. Culture plays a critical role in patient care and health outcomes and affects our perception of others, health behaviors, and expectations during care delivery. This paper discusses health inequalities, advocacy for families, patients, and community, and cultural competencies. Comment by lola siyanbola: Can you explain how?
Health inequalities involve differences in health resources' distribution of health between different population groups resulting from social conditions in which members of the population are born, live, grow, work and age. The inequalities are basically the systematic differences in the status of health between population groups (Marmot, 2017). The inequalities have substantial economic and social costs to both persons and communities. Social factors including employment status, education level, gender, ethnicity, and level of income affect an individual's health status, therefore creating health disparities among populations due to variations of the social factors (Malbon, 2019). Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes. The appropriate combination of government policies can address these health disparities. Comment by lola siyanbola: This is a fact can you rephrase or cite Comment by lola siyanbola: This is too vague, can you elaborate a little?
I would advocate for patients by connecting them with resources outside and inside the hospital to support their wellbeing and double-check for errors to identify, stop, and correct errors to ensure their safety (Doucette et al., 2018). I would educate the patients on the best way to manage their health conditions and improve their quality of life. Protecting patients' rights and giving them a voice, particularly when vulnerable, is key to safe and quality patient care. I would advocate for families by utilizing my expertise to persuade the hospital authorities about the economic position of the family, their educational level, and their cultural values about patient care. I would advocate for the community by working to ensure community members are adequately and fairly treated in all matters of health.
The first Implicit Association Tests (IAT) reveals that I hold a moderate automatic preference for Arab Muslims with 26% over Other People. This means that I am likely to respond moderately respond faster to the care needs of patients from the Arap Muslim compared to other patients. ...
1 page and cite source. Thank you.What are the implications for ho.pdfzakashjain
1 page and cite source. Thank you.
What are the implications for hospitals regarding diversity and disparity in healthcare treatment?
Solution
DISPARITIES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE :-
~ It is well documented that ethnic/racial minorities are disproportionately affected by many
health care conditions that impact their health in comparison to their white counterparts. Many
reasons are cited for these disparities, including socioeconomic status, health behaviors of the
minority groups , access to health care environmental factors, and direct and indirect
manifestations of discrimination. Other reasons cited for health disparities include lack of health
insurance, over dependence on publically funded facilities by minority groups, and barriers to
health care such as insufficient transportation, geographical location (not enough providers in an
area), and cost of services.
~ Focusing efforts to eliminate unequal burdens in health and health care can strengthen existing
solutions and policy formation related to this issue. Therefore, the purposes of this article are :-
(a) define disparities in health and health care,
(b) describe current health disparities impacting ethnic/racial groups,
(c) review historical factors associated with existing disparities in ethnic/racial groups
(d) present challenges and solutions to alleviate these disparities.
~ Definitions of Disparities in Health and Health Care
The four major ethnic/racial groups frequently cited in the literature and addressed in this article
include, African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Pacific Islander.
Traditionally these four groups, together with immigrants, the poor, and mentally retarded, have
experienced unequal burdens in health and health care reflected by high morbidity and mortality
rates. While much has been written about health disparities between the four groups cited above
and their white counterparts, African Americans represent the largest minority group and have
experienced much discrimination in this country. As a result, more citations can be found in the
literature about disparities and discrimination in this population group than for other ethnic/racial
groups.
Disparities in health are defined as unequal burdens in disease morbidity and mortality rates
experienced by ethnic/racial groups as compared to the dominant group. Causes of health
disparities include poor education, health behaviors of the minority group, poverty (inadequate
financial resources), and environmental factors. Most of these factors are access related.
\"Disparities in health care are defined as racial or ethnic differences in the quality of health care
that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences and appropriateness of
intervention\". Causes of disparities in health care relate to quality and include provider/patient
relationships, health providers of the future, provider bias and discrimination, and patient
variables such as mistrust of the health .
1Health Care DisparityBlack AmericansHispanicsLatinos.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Health Care Disparity
Black Americans
Hispanics/Latinos
Demographics
45.7 million, which is 14.3% of USA population.
15% of the USA population
Cultural Norms
Strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, strong religious orientation, take care of their own, seniors are highly respected, don’t like to admit they need help, poverty impacts education, self-esteem, quality of life and life style across.
Strong family ties, strong church and community orientation, male dominance, age dominance, negative view on asking for help, take care of their own majority are roman catholic, distrust of government, modesty is important and very proud of heritage
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
Have strong religious affiliation with Christian denominations and also Islam.
Have strong belief in the spirit world. Majority are roman CatholicsS
Primary Insurance Coverage
Most of them are not insured, but the affordable care act provision target at improving provisions that will highly improve their lives.
Six in ten Hispanic adults in USA lack health insurance.
Education
17% have attained bachelor’s degree
11% have attained bachelor’s degree
Medical Conditions
They reside at disadvantaged neighborhoods with increased risks for health disparities. Obesity in children is enormous
More than a quarter of its population lack usual health care provider. Hispanic adults have a low prevalence for many chronic diseases and a high prevalence for diabetes.
Outreach
Foundation of African American outreach program to provide assistance to Africa-Americans
Action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities
Introduction
The health of a population is influenced by both its social and its economic circumstances and health care services it receives. The health care services provided to Hispanics and black in United States of America is low. Throughout the years we have seen advancements in the health care quality received by ethnic minorities groups. But there is still a large gap when comparing minorities with their white counterparts (Vicini, 2015). This has affected the two groups which have low income families and experience poor quality care. Hispanic and blacks are less likely to have a high school education. Disparities in quality of care are common among the blacks and Hispanics in USA. For instance adults of 65 years and above receive worse care than adults with 18-44 years. Poor people have worse access to care than the high income people (Lee et al., 2003).
Healthcare Disparities between the Blacks and the Latinos in USA
The healthcare insurance status for the blacks and Latinos is low and as a result it forms barriers to access to quality health care utilization. Language barriers in health care are associated with decrease in quality of care, safety, patient and clinical satisfaction and contribute to health disparities even among people with insurance. Statistics have shown when comparing blacks and Latinos to their whi ...
Running head CULTURAL SENSITVITY1CULTURAL SENSITVITY2.docxsusanschei
Running head: CULTURAL SENSITVITY1
CULTURAL SENSITVITY2
Cultural Sensitivity
Name
Institution
Cultural Sensitivity
Introduction
Cultural sensitivity refers to the awareness as well as the sensitivity to culture and other practices. Cultural sensitivity can encompass examining different cultures and how they should be accurately approached in the health care. It also includes how to communicate according to within the health care setting. Cultural sensitivity is important area because it can impact the way people work in the health care facilities. It also encompasses valuing differences so as harassment and discrimination, either intended or not, do not happen. Culture is a fundamental and complex concept with consist of broad aspects of people in the health care setting (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). It includes the concepts of sexual orientation, gender, faith, age, disability, race, ethnicity, profession and socioeconomic status. Cultural sensitivity stems from this understanding in that; it is must encompass interpersonal skill as well as the knowledge that will allow the providers of health care, appreciate, understand, and work with individuals from different cultures other than theirs. It also consists of acceptance and awareness of the people’s cultural differences, knowledge, self-awareness of the cultures of the patient and adapting to the skills. Many cultural groups, including lesbian and gay people, individuals with disabilities, lower socio-economic groups and ethnic minorities, for example, African-Americans (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Cultural sensitivity is considered one of the reasons peoples do not access quality health care services because people are not aware as well as understand the effects attached to one’s culture and how it may be perceived by others. An individual's culture should not appear to be dominant in the place of work.
Healthcare Disparities and How they Relate to Cultural Sensitivity in the Healthcare Setting
Health care disparities, by definition, refer to the differences in health as well as healthcare between population groups. It typically involves a higher burden of illness, mortality experienced in the health care setting, disabilities, and injury by one population group about another. Moreover, it refers to the differences between groups in the health care facilities regarding provision of care services, its access, and quality given. This issue are related to the people’s cultural sensitivity in that the issue surrounds this concept are based on socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, age, and disability status. Similarly, cultural insensitivity arises from disparities that in return causes care limit as well as continued improvement in overall quality of cares (Campinha-Bacote, 2003). Health care disparities can be exacerbated by looking at some things that comprise specific health conditions, provider biases, differences in access to care, poor patient-provider comm ...
1
Healthcare
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor’s Name
Date
Healthcare
Health inequity is a serious healthcare problem that negatively affects everyone. This problem worsens the health outcomes of the population it directly impacts and those with resources and power. For instance, health disparity makes it hard to control, contain and treat infections illnesses, like the Covid-19, therefore putting everyone at risk of contracting the disease regardless of their socioeconomic class. Culture plays a critical role in patient care and health outcomes and affects our perception of others, health behaviors, and expectations during care delivery. This paper discusses health inequalities, advocacy for families, patients, and community, and cultural competencies. Comment by lola siyanbola: Can you explain how?
Health inequalities involve differences in health resources' distribution of health between different population groups resulting from social conditions in which members of the population are born, live, grow, work and age. The inequalities are basically the systematic differences in the status of health between population groups (Marmot, 2017). The inequalities have substantial economic and social costs to both persons and communities. Social factors including employment status, education level, gender, ethnicity, and level of income affect an individual's health status, therefore creating health disparities among populations due to variations of the social factors (Malbon, 2019). Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes. The appropriate combination of government policies can address these health disparities. Comment by lola siyanbola: This is a fact can you rephrase or cite Comment by lola siyanbola: This is too vague, can you elaborate a little?
I would advocate for patients by connecting them with resources outside and inside the hospital to support their wellbeing and double-check for errors to identify, stop, and correct errors to ensure their safety (Doucette et al., 2018). I would educate the patients on the best way to manage their health conditions and improve their quality of life. Protecting patients' rights and giving them a voice, particularly when vulnerable, is key to safe and quality patient care. I would advocate for families by utilizing my expertise to persuade the hospital authorities about the economic position of the family, their educational level, and their cultural values about patient care. I would advocate for the community by working to ensure community members are adequately and fairly treated in all matters of health.
The first Implicit Association Tests (IAT) reveals that I hold a moderate automatic preference for Arab Muslims with 26% over Other People. This means that I am likely to respond moderately respond faster to the care needs of patients from the Arap Muslim compared to other patients. ...
CHAPTER II-LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Generally, the U.S health care system is unique considering all the advanced industrialized countries because it does not have a uniform health care coverage for all its population (Williams, 2017). However, it recently enacted legislation that mandates health care coverage for almost everyone regardless of gender or ethnicity. Joseph & Marrow (2017) suggests that high cost is the primary reason that leads to challenges that Americans face in accessing health care. In 2013, about 31 percent of the uninsured adults reported facing challenges like delayed medical care while accessing health care services (Williams, 2017). The paper provides a literature review by examining the disparities in health care in the U.S.
Literature Review
Disparities in healthcare in the U.S
Health care disparity is socially constructed, and it results in tangible effects on the health status of individuals. Health care disparity is differences in the healthcare coverage, access to, and quality care that various groups receive. Wheeler & Bryant (2017) mentioned that racial and ethnic disparities are arguably the most form of inequalities in the U.S health care system. However, they become the most silent factors while examining health inequity. The report released by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reveals that racial and ethnic minorities, especially blacks, are more likely to receive a low valued medical care which leads to increasingly poor health outcomes among the population (Dickman et al., 2017). Over the years, efforts have been made to eliminate various disparities in health care to achieve health equity
Root causes of Disparities in Health Care
According to Kelley et al. (2015), health disparities often result from system conflict, inadequate resources, and the distribution of the resources. The American government is responsible for ensuring control of the distribution of health services and resources to various individuals in need. For instance, the government should ensure that people living in extreme poverty are provided with medical care at a low cost (Travers et al., 2017). However, the government may not offer the required resources to every person in need due to the increased population. As such, some patients may not be in a position to receive the care that they require. Notably, these individuals tend to be from poverty-stricken regions because they cannot afford the required cost.
Poverty
Grubbs (2019) defines poverty as a state in which individuals lack the socially acceptable material possession such as income and productive resources that promote sustainable livelihood. Based on a 2018 report, more than 41 million Americans live in poverty (Grubbs, 2019). Regarding the information, the individuals experience detrimental health impacts due to their socioeconomic status and environmental conditions (Sanyal et al., 2010). As a result, the persons experience various health conditions and heal ...
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ReTopic 2 DQ 1 Reeves et al. (2013), focus their study on a .docxronak56
Re:Topic 2 DQ 1
Reeves et al. (2013), focus their study on a Hispanic immigrant community in Albuquerque, New Mexico to establish whether there was a correlation between fear and health as they claimed. Diabetes is reported to be more prevalent in Albuquerque being the sixth cause of mortality(New Mexico Health Policy Commission 2009).The authors identified three core elements that determined the connection between health and fear(cost, language, discrimination and immigration status, and cultural differences).
The cost of health care being too high causes a level of stress that leads to fear as identified by the participants. Reeves et al. (2013) further explain that this fear is perpetuated not by diabetes but by the structural economic obstacles faced the low-income immigrant community. Most immigrants face language barriers and claim to be discriminated against when they go to health care institutions. They feel that they cannot clearly communicate their health needs. Even though some institutions have translators others report that they are not effective. Immigrants feel that being in a foreign country makes their immigration status conspicuous thus creating fear of being deported.
Reeves et al. (2013) report that according to Walton(2009),cultural disconnection arises from the perceptions health care providers have about alternative medicines which patients use to treat their health issues even diabetes. Patients are reluctant to tell their doctors that they use alternative medicine for fear of being criticized. This limits open communication between them thus degrading the quality of healthcare services given to the patients.
Structural violence does accelerate health disparities because it is embedded in social structures that expose individual to dangers. Individuals feel the lack of support from economic and political constructs in the social arrangements and this limits their access to health care services. Farmer et al. (2006), report that medical and public health programs will fail if healthcare providers do not understand the social factors of disease regarding structural violence. Montesdeoca (2013) further
supports this argument that health disparities are related to past and present inequalities in social, economic, political and environmental resources elements of structural violence.
References
Farmer, P.E., Nizeye, B., Stulac, S. & Keshavjee, S. (2006).Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine. PLoS Medicine, 3(10), 449. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030449
Montesdeoca, C. (2013).Inadequate Access to Healthy Opportunities and Structural Violence: A Case Study of Health Disparities among Hispanics in McLean County. Senior Theses-Antropology. Paper 5
Page-Reeves,J.,Niforatos,J.,Mishra,S.,Regino,L.,Gingrich,A., & Bulten,R.(2013).Health Disparity and Structural Violence: How Fear Undermines Health Among Immigrants at Risk for Diabetes. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 6(2), 30-47
Deactivated
5 p ...
Achieving Health Justice Addressing Disparities in Healthcare.pdfSayed Quraishi
Achieving Health Justice: Addressing Disparities in Healthcare is a phrase that
refers to the idea that all individuals should have access to high-quality and
equitable healthcare, regardless of their background. Health justice is a concept
that encompasses the idea that healthcare is a basic human right and that all
individuals should have access to the resources and opportunities they need to
maintain good health. This phrase highlights the importance of addressing
The U.S Healthcare System, African Americans and the Notion of Toughing It Ou...Chelsea Dade, MS
This project presentation will explore whether or not African American adults are less engaged patients, and whether the notion of toughing it out plays a significant role regarding how African Americans interact with their healthcare.
The Tuskegee Experiment was not the first time that African Americans were experimented on for scientific gain. One book that examines this history is titled Medical Apartheid (Washington, 2006). The novel dives into the dark history of medical experiments on Blacks, including, but not limited to inhumane slavery assessments and Marion Sims’ gynecologic obscenities on Black women (Wall, 2006). Though these debacles occurred decades ago, I propose that these events may continue to play a role in the way African Americans interact with the American healthcare system. Today, there are rules in place to prevent such issues with consent. However, after historically being placed in positions marked by humiliation and mistreatment based on skin color, I wanted to obtain a clearer understanding of whether or not African Americans have responded to the effects of these events by limiting their trust of other people, creating gender norms within their communities, and “toughing it out”.
The structure of this power point presentation for my final paper from HLTHCOMM440, Engaging Patients in Care, will begin by defining this demographic by its key cultural attributes. Second, the paper will highlight research on how one health belief, “toughing it out”, effects African American patient engagement levels. Third, the paper will summarize and discuss the methodology and results from a standardized patient engagement survey, and compare them to the existing literature. Finally, this paper will highlight a hypothetical federally funded health care program, titled “Mandating Mental Health First Aid in Chicago Businesses”, which will require all mid-size and large companies in Chicago to train human resources professionals in “Mental Health First Aid”. This intervention not only benefits African American employees in Chicago, but entire staffs in Chicago in general. In this way, the program does not target African Americans, but seeks to offer helpful resources on mental health that due to either a lack of access or stigmatization, some African Americans may or may not have be aware of. Therefore, the point of having this program is to help employees , especially newer employees, feel supported as the manage the many facets of their lives. Whether or not resources are utilized will depend on many individualistic factors that are including in this presentation. However, the first step towards health equity is to offer equal resources, to everyone.
For access to the standardized survey, please contact Chelsea Dade via email (chelseadade2018@u.northwestern.edu).
Velasco-Mondragon et al. Public Health Reviews (2016) 3731 .docxjessiehampson
Velasco-Mondragon et al. Public Health Reviews (2016) 37:31
DOI 10.1186/s40985-016-0043-2
REVIEW Open Access
Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping
review of the literature
Eduardo Velasco-Mondragon1* , Angela Jimenez2, Anna G. Palladino-Davis3, Dawn Davis4
and Jose A. Escamilla-Cejudo5
* Correspondence:
[email protected]
1College of Osteopathic Medicine,
Touro University California, 1310
Johnson Lane; H-82, Rm. 213,
Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
Full list of author information is
available at the end of the article
Abstract
Hispanics are the largest minority group in the USA. They contribute to the economy,
cultural diversity, and health of the nation. Assessing their health status and health needs
is key to inform health policy formulation and program implementation. To this end, we
conducted a scoping review of the literature and national statistics on Hispanic health in
the USA using a modified social-ecological framework that includes social determinants
of health, health disparities, risk factors, and health services, as they shape the leading
causes of morbidity and mortality. These social, environmental, and biological forces have
modified the epidemiologic profile of Hispanics in the USA, with cancer being the
leading cause of mortality, followed by cardiovascular diseases and unintentional injuries.
Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has resulted in improved access to health
services for Hispanics, but challenges remain due to limited cultural sensitivity, health
literacy, and a shortage of Hispanic health care providers. Acculturation barriers and
underinsured or uninsured status remain as major obstacles to health care access.
Advantageous health outcomes from the “Hispanic Mortality Paradox” and the “Latina
Birth Outcomes Paradox” persist, but health gains may be offset in the future by
increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Recommendations focus on the adoption of the
Health in All Policies framework, expanding access to health care, developing cultural
sensitivity in the health care workforce, and generating and disseminating research
findings on Hispanic health.
Keywords: Hispanics, Latinos, Scoping study, Social determinants of health, Health care
inequalities, Health care access
Background
Hispanics are the largest ethnic minority in the USA; in 2014, Hispanics comprised
17.4% of the US population (55.4 million), and this percentage is expected to increase
to 28.6% (119 million) by 2060. Hispanics in the USA include native-born and foreign-
born individuals immigrating from Latin America, the Caribbean, and Spain [1].
Hispanics are disproportionately affected by poor conditions of daily life, shaped by struc-
tural and social position factors (such as macroeconomics, cultural values, income, educa-
tion, occupation, and social support systems, including health services), known as social
determinants of health (SDH). SDH exert health effects on individuals through allostatic
load [2], a phenomenon purported t ...
- Background Paper 13 - A national partnership fRayleneAndre399
- Background Paper 13 -
A national partnership for acA national partnership for acA national partnership for acA national partnership for action to tion to tion to tion to
end health dend health dend health dend health disparities in the United Statesisparities in the United Statesisparities in the United Statesisparities in the United States
Mirtha R. Beadle 1
Garth N. Graham 1
Paul E. Jarris 2
Carlessia A. Hussein 3
Alan Morgan 4
Ron Finch 5
1 Office of Minority Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; USA
3 National Association of State Offices of Minority Health; USA
4 National Rural Health Association; USA
5 National Business Group on Health; USA
- Draft Background Paper 13 -
Disclaimer
WCSDH/BCKGRT/13/2011
This draft background paper is one of several in a series commissioned by the World Health Organization for the
World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, held 19-21 October 2011, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The goal
of these papers is to highlight country experiences on implementing action on social determinants of health.
Copyright on these papers remains with the authors and/or the Regional Office of the World Health Organization
from which they have been sourced. All rights reserved. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in
this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner whatsoever to the World
Health Organization.
All papers are available at the symposium website at www.who.int/sdhconference. Correspondence for the authors
can be sent by email to [email protected]
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of
any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines
on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific
companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the
World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions
excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The published material is
being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation
and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages ...
- Background Paper 13 - A national partnership fSilvaGraf83
- Background Paper 13 -
A national partnership for acA national partnership for acA national partnership for acA national partnership for action to tion to tion to tion to
end health dend health dend health dend health disparities in the United Statesisparities in the United Statesisparities in the United Statesisparities in the United States
Mirtha R. Beadle 1
Garth N. Graham 1
Paul E. Jarris 2
Carlessia A. Hussein 3
Alan Morgan 4
Ron Finch 5
1 Office of Minority Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; USA
3 National Association of State Offices of Minority Health; USA
4 National Rural Health Association; USA
5 National Business Group on Health; USA
- Draft Background Paper 13 -
Disclaimer
WCSDH/BCKGRT/13/2011
This draft background paper is one of several in a series commissioned by the World Health Organization for the
World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, held 19-21 October 2011, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The goal
of these papers is to highlight country experiences on implementing action on social determinants of health.
Copyright on these papers remains with the authors and/or the Regional Office of the World Health Organization
from which they have been sourced. All rights reserved. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in
this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner whatsoever to the World
Health Organization.
All papers are available at the symposium website at www.who.int/sdhconference. Correspondence for the authors
can be sent by email to [email protected]
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of
any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines
on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific
companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the
World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions
excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The published material is
being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation
and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages ...
COMMENTARYMinority Group Status and Healthful AgingSociLynellBull52
COMMENTARY
Minority Group Status and Healthful Aging:
Social Structure Still Matters
During the last 4 decades,
a rapid increase has oc-
curred in the number of sur-
vey-based and epidemio-
logical studies of the health
profiles of adults in general
and of the causes of dispar-
ities between majority and
minority Americans in par-
ticular. According to these
studies, healthful aging con-
sists of the absence of dis-
ease, or at least of the most
serious preventable diseases
and their consequences, and
findings consistently reveal
serious African American
and Hispanic disadvantages
in terms of healthful aging.
We (1) briefly review con-
ceptual and operational def-
initions of race and Hispanic
ethnicity, (2) summarize how
ethnicity-based differentials
in health are related to social
structures, and (3) empha-
size the importance of atten-
tion to the economic, politi-
cal, and institutional factors
that perpetuate poverty and
undermine healthful aging
among certain groups. {Am
J Public Health. 2006;96:
1152-1159. doi:10.2105/AJPH.
2006.085530)
Jacqueline L Angel, PhD, and Ronald J. Angel. PhD
ALTHOUGH THE SUPREME
Courl outlawed the principle of
sepajate but equal in 1954 with
its famous Brown versus Bom-d
of Education decision, many mi-
nority y^mericans luul that they
are still separate and unequal.
Despite a century of impressive
innovations in medical science
and improvements in public
health, poverty continues to un-
dermine the pliysical and emo-
tional health of a large number
of Americans, and serious ra-
cial/ethnic health disparities
persist'"^ Low-income families
have inadequate healtli care
coverage,"'^ and individuals who
lack adequate insurance are
more likely to die from cancer
and other serious diseases be-
cause of late diagnoses and defi-
cient care.^"" Perhaps the most
basic question is wliether health
disadvantages among minority
Americans are the direct and
almost complete resuit of pov-
erty and its correlates. Well-
documented correlates include
low educationai levels, labor
force disadvantages, and resi-
dential segregation iii ghettos
and barrios, where individuals
are exposed to environmental
and social health risks such as
drugs. \'io!ence. and fainily
disruption.'"^" ̂ ''
Radal/ethnic disparities in mor-
bidity and mortality are so glaring
that the federal govemment has
been forced to respond, and a
large body of research has exam-
ined tlie role socioeconomic status
(SES) and ailture play in these
disparities.'̂ The ultimate goal Ls
to identiiy the sodal stuictural
causes of inequities in health so
that genera] population health can
be impn)ved. We will present ap-
proaches to studying radal/etlinic
health disparities hy (1) reviewing
operational definitions of race and
ethnicity and tlie research tools
tliat estimate difierential disease
burdens and health au'e use,
(2) assessing jast how far the field
has come in understanding healtli.
and (3) |iro]X)sing a future re-
search agenda that examines the
soda ...
Hai,this is Anusha. am looking for a help with my research.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Hai,
this is Anusha. am looking for a help with my research papers. subject is homeland security and contemporary issues and the topics are
1.Border security is key to immigration reform??
2.walls won't keep us safe
may i get it done by Thursday evening. and also lemme know the amount for both the papers. am also attaching the paper rubric here
thank you.
.
Guys I need your help with my international law class, Its a course.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guys I need your help with my international law class, It's a course on International Law but it's not in essence a law course but part of the concentration I'm in, which is International Relations (in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences) my essay question is the following:
Are the jurisdictions of states absolute and unlimited?
.
More Related Content
Similar to Health and health care inequalities Name
CHAPTER II-LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Generally, the U.S health care system is unique considering all the advanced industrialized countries because it does not have a uniform health care coverage for all its population (Williams, 2017). However, it recently enacted legislation that mandates health care coverage for almost everyone regardless of gender or ethnicity. Joseph & Marrow (2017) suggests that high cost is the primary reason that leads to challenges that Americans face in accessing health care. In 2013, about 31 percent of the uninsured adults reported facing challenges like delayed medical care while accessing health care services (Williams, 2017). The paper provides a literature review by examining the disparities in health care in the U.S.
Literature Review
Disparities in healthcare in the U.S
Health care disparity is socially constructed, and it results in tangible effects on the health status of individuals. Health care disparity is differences in the healthcare coverage, access to, and quality care that various groups receive. Wheeler & Bryant (2017) mentioned that racial and ethnic disparities are arguably the most form of inequalities in the U.S health care system. However, they become the most silent factors while examining health inequity. The report released by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reveals that racial and ethnic minorities, especially blacks, are more likely to receive a low valued medical care which leads to increasingly poor health outcomes among the population (Dickman et al., 2017). Over the years, efforts have been made to eliminate various disparities in health care to achieve health equity
Root causes of Disparities in Health Care
According to Kelley et al. (2015), health disparities often result from system conflict, inadequate resources, and the distribution of the resources. The American government is responsible for ensuring control of the distribution of health services and resources to various individuals in need. For instance, the government should ensure that people living in extreme poverty are provided with medical care at a low cost (Travers et al., 2017). However, the government may not offer the required resources to every person in need due to the increased population. As such, some patients may not be in a position to receive the care that they require. Notably, these individuals tend to be from poverty-stricken regions because they cannot afford the required cost.
Poverty
Grubbs (2019) defines poverty as a state in which individuals lack the socially acceptable material possession such as income and productive resources that promote sustainable livelihood. Based on a 2018 report, more than 41 million Americans live in poverty (Grubbs, 2019). Regarding the information, the individuals experience detrimental health impacts due to their socioeconomic status and environmental conditions (Sanyal et al., 2010). As a result, the persons experience various health conditions and heal ...
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ReTopic 2 DQ 1 Reeves et al. (2013), focus their study on a .docxronak56
Re:Topic 2 DQ 1
Reeves et al. (2013), focus their study on a Hispanic immigrant community in Albuquerque, New Mexico to establish whether there was a correlation between fear and health as they claimed. Diabetes is reported to be more prevalent in Albuquerque being the sixth cause of mortality(New Mexico Health Policy Commission 2009).The authors identified three core elements that determined the connection between health and fear(cost, language, discrimination and immigration status, and cultural differences).
The cost of health care being too high causes a level of stress that leads to fear as identified by the participants. Reeves et al. (2013) further explain that this fear is perpetuated not by diabetes but by the structural economic obstacles faced the low-income immigrant community. Most immigrants face language barriers and claim to be discriminated against when they go to health care institutions. They feel that they cannot clearly communicate their health needs. Even though some institutions have translators others report that they are not effective. Immigrants feel that being in a foreign country makes their immigration status conspicuous thus creating fear of being deported.
Reeves et al. (2013) report that according to Walton(2009),cultural disconnection arises from the perceptions health care providers have about alternative medicines which patients use to treat their health issues even diabetes. Patients are reluctant to tell their doctors that they use alternative medicine for fear of being criticized. This limits open communication between them thus degrading the quality of healthcare services given to the patients.
Structural violence does accelerate health disparities because it is embedded in social structures that expose individual to dangers. Individuals feel the lack of support from economic and political constructs in the social arrangements and this limits their access to health care services. Farmer et al. (2006), report that medical and public health programs will fail if healthcare providers do not understand the social factors of disease regarding structural violence. Montesdeoca (2013) further
supports this argument that health disparities are related to past and present inequalities in social, economic, political and environmental resources elements of structural violence.
References
Farmer, P.E., Nizeye, B., Stulac, S. & Keshavjee, S. (2006).Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine. PLoS Medicine, 3(10), 449. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030449
Montesdeoca, C. (2013).Inadequate Access to Healthy Opportunities and Structural Violence: A Case Study of Health Disparities among Hispanics in McLean County. Senior Theses-Antropology. Paper 5
Page-Reeves,J.,Niforatos,J.,Mishra,S.,Regino,L.,Gingrich,A., & Bulten,R.(2013).Health Disparity and Structural Violence: How Fear Undermines Health Among Immigrants at Risk for Diabetes. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 6(2), 30-47
Deactivated
5 p ...
Achieving Health Justice Addressing Disparities in Healthcare.pdfSayed Quraishi
Achieving Health Justice: Addressing Disparities in Healthcare is a phrase that
refers to the idea that all individuals should have access to high-quality and
equitable healthcare, regardless of their background. Health justice is a concept
that encompasses the idea that healthcare is a basic human right and that all
individuals should have access to the resources and opportunities they need to
maintain good health. This phrase highlights the importance of addressing
The U.S Healthcare System, African Americans and the Notion of Toughing It Ou...Chelsea Dade, MS
This project presentation will explore whether or not African American adults are less engaged patients, and whether the notion of toughing it out plays a significant role regarding how African Americans interact with their healthcare.
The Tuskegee Experiment was not the first time that African Americans were experimented on for scientific gain. One book that examines this history is titled Medical Apartheid (Washington, 2006). The novel dives into the dark history of medical experiments on Blacks, including, but not limited to inhumane slavery assessments and Marion Sims’ gynecologic obscenities on Black women (Wall, 2006). Though these debacles occurred decades ago, I propose that these events may continue to play a role in the way African Americans interact with the American healthcare system. Today, there are rules in place to prevent such issues with consent. However, after historically being placed in positions marked by humiliation and mistreatment based on skin color, I wanted to obtain a clearer understanding of whether or not African Americans have responded to the effects of these events by limiting their trust of other people, creating gender norms within their communities, and “toughing it out”.
The structure of this power point presentation for my final paper from HLTHCOMM440, Engaging Patients in Care, will begin by defining this demographic by its key cultural attributes. Second, the paper will highlight research on how one health belief, “toughing it out”, effects African American patient engagement levels. Third, the paper will summarize and discuss the methodology and results from a standardized patient engagement survey, and compare them to the existing literature. Finally, this paper will highlight a hypothetical federally funded health care program, titled “Mandating Mental Health First Aid in Chicago Businesses”, which will require all mid-size and large companies in Chicago to train human resources professionals in “Mental Health First Aid”. This intervention not only benefits African American employees in Chicago, but entire staffs in Chicago in general. In this way, the program does not target African Americans, but seeks to offer helpful resources on mental health that due to either a lack of access or stigmatization, some African Americans may or may not have be aware of. Therefore, the point of having this program is to help employees , especially newer employees, feel supported as the manage the many facets of their lives. Whether or not resources are utilized will depend on many individualistic factors that are including in this presentation. However, the first step towards health equity is to offer equal resources, to everyone.
For access to the standardized survey, please contact Chelsea Dade via email (chelseadade2018@u.northwestern.edu).
Velasco-Mondragon et al. Public Health Reviews (2016) 3731 .docxjessiehampson
Velasco-Mondragon et al. Public Health Reviews (2016) 37:31
DOI 10.1186/s40985-016-0043-2
REVIEW Open Access
Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping
review of the literature
Eduardo Velasco-Mondragon1* , Angela Jimenez2, Anna G. Palladino-Davis3, Dawn Davis4
and Jose A. Escamilla-Cejudo5
* Correspondence:
[email protected]
1College of Osteopathic Medicine,
Touro University California, 1310
Johnson Lane; H-82, Rm. 213,
Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
Full list of author information is
available at the end of the article
Abstract
Hispanics are the largest minority group in the USA. They contribute to the economy,
cultural diversity, and health of the nation. Assessing their health status and health needs
is key to inform health policy formulation and program implementation. To this end, we
conducted a scoping review of the literature and national statistics on Hispanic health in
the USA using a modified social-ecological framework that includes social determinants
of health, health disparities, risk factors, and health services, as they shape the leading
causes of morbidity and mortality. These social, environmental, and biological forces have
modified the epidemiologic profile of Hispanics in the USA, with cancer being the
leading cause of mortality, followed by cardiovascular diseases and unintentional injuries.
Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has resulted in improved access to health
services for Hispanics, but challenges remain due to limited cultural sensitivity, health
literacy, and a shortage of Hispanic health care providers. Acculturation barriers and
underinsured or uninsured status remain as major obstacles to health care access.
Advantageous health outcomes from the “Hispanic Mortality Paradox” and the “Latina
Birth Outcomes Paradox” persist, but health gains may be offset in the future by
increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Recommendations focus on the adoption of the
Health in All Policies framework, expanding access to health care, developing cultural
sensitivity in the health care workforce, and generating and disseminating research
findings on Hispanic health.
Keywords: Hispanics, Latinos, Scoping study, Social determinants of health, Health care
inequalities, Health care access
Background
Hispanics are the largest ethnic minority in the USA; in 2014, Hispanics comprised
17.4% of the US population (55.4 million), and this percentage is expected to increase
to 28.6% (119 million) by 2060. Hispanics in the USA include native-born and foreign-
born individuals immigrating from Latin America, the Caribbean, and Spain [1].
Hispanics are disproportionately affected by poor conditions of daily life, shaped by struc-
tural and social position factors (such as macroeconomics, cultural values, income, educa-
tion, occupation, and social support systems, including health services), known as social
determinants of health (SDH). SDH exert health effects on individuals through allostatic
load [2], a phenomenon purported t ...
- Background Paper 13 - A national partnership fRayleneAndre399
- Background Paper 13 -
A national partnership for acA national partnership for acA national partnership for acA national partnership for action to tion to tion to tion to
end health dend health dend health dend health disparities in the United Statesisparities in the United Statesisparities in the United Statesisparities in the United States
Mirtha R. Beadle 1
Garth N. Graham 1
Paul E. Jarris 2
Carlessia A. Hussein 3
Alan Morgan 4
Ron Finch 5
1 Office of Minority Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; USA
3 National Association of State Offices of Minority Health; USA
4 National Rural Health Association; USA
5 National Business Group on Health; USA
- Draft Background Paper 13 -
Disclaimer
WCSDH/BCKGRT/13/2011
This draft background paper is one of several in a series commissioned by the World Health Organization for the
World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, held 19-21 October 2011, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The goal
of these papers is to highlight country experiences on implementing action on social determinants of health.
Copyright on these papers remains with the authors and/or the Regional Office of the World Health Organization
from which they have been sourced. All rights reserved. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in
this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner whatsoever to the World
Health Organization.
All papers are available at the symposium website at www.who.int/sdhconference. Correspondence for the authors
can be sent by email to [email protected]
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of
any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines
on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific
companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the
World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions
excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The published material is
being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation
and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages ...
- Background Paper 13 - A national partnership fSilvaGraf83
- Background Paper 13 -
A national partnership for acA national partnership for acA national partnership for acA national partnership for action to tion to tion to tion to
end health dend health dend health dend health disparities in the United Statesisparities in the United Statesisparities in the United Statesisparities in the United States
Mirtha R. Beadle 1
Garth N. Graham 1
Paul E. Jarris 2
Carlessia A. Hussein 3
Alan Morgan 4
Ron Finch 5
1 Office of Minority Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; USA
3 National Association of State Offices of Minority Health; USA
4 National Rural Health Association; USA
5 National Business Group on Health; USA
- Draft Background Paper 13 -
Disclaimer
WCSDH/BCKGRT/13/2011
This draft background paper is one of several in a series commissioned by the World Health Organization for the
World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, held 19-21 October 2011, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The goal
of these papers is to highlight country experiences on implementing action on social determinants of health.
Copyright on these papers remains with the authors and/or the Regional Office of the World Health Organization
from which they have been sourced. All rights reserved. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in
this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner whatsoever to the World
Health Organization.
All papers are available at the symposium website at www.who.int/sdhconference. Correspondence for the authors
can be sent by email to [email protected]
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of
any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines
on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific
companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the
World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions
excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The published material is
being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation
and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages ...
COMMENTARYMinority Group Status and Healthful AgingSociLynellBull52
COMMENTARY
Minority Group Status and Healthful Aging:
Social Structure Still Matters
During the last 4 decades,
a rapid increase has oc-
curred in the number of sur-
vey-based and epidemio-
logical studies of the health
profiles of adults in general
and of the causes of dispar-
ities between majority and
minority Americans in par-
ticular. According to these
studies, healthful aging con-
sists of the absence of dis-
ease, or at least of the most
serious preventable diseases
and their consequences, and
findings consistently reveal
serious African American
and Hispanic disadvantages
in terms of healthful aging.
We (1) briefly review con-
ceptual and operational def-
initions of race and Hispanic
ethnicity, (2) summarize how
ethnicity-based differentials
in health are related to social
structures, and (3) empha-
size the importance of atten-
tion to the economic, politi-
cal, and institutional factors
that perpetuate poverty and
undermine healthful aging
among certain groups. {Am
J Public Health. 2006;96:
1152-1159. doi:10.2105/AJPH.
2006.085530)
Jacqueline L Angel, PhD, and Ronald J. Angel. PhD
ALTHOUGH THE SUPREME
Courl outlawed the principle of
sepajate but equal in 1954 with
its famous Brown versus Bom-d
of Education decision, many mi-
nority y^mericans luul that they
are still separate and unequal.
Despite a century of impressive
innovations in medical science
and improvements in public
health, poverty continues to un-
dermine the pliysical and emo-
tional health of a large number
of Americans, and serious ra-
cial/ethnic health disparities
persist'"^ Low-income families
have inadequate healtli care
coverage,"'^ and individuals who
lack adequate insurance are
more likely to die from cancer
and other serious diseases be-
cause of late diagnoses and defi-
cient care.^"" Perhaps the most
basic question is wliether health
disadvantages among minority
Americans are the direct and
almost complete resuit of pov-
erty and its correlates. Well-
documented correlates include
low educationai levels, labor
force disadvantages, and resi-
dential segregation iii ghettos
and barrios, where individuals
are exposed to environmental
and social health risks such as
drugs. \'io!ence. and fainily
disruption.'"^" ̂ ''
Radal/ethnic disparities in mor-
bidity and mortality are so glaring
that the federal govemment has
been forced to respond, and a
large body of research has exam-
ined tlie role socioeconomic status
(SES) and ailture play in these
disparities.'̂ The ultimate goal Ls
to identiiy the sodal stuictural
causes of inequities in health so
that genera] population health can
be impn)ved. We will present ap-
proaches to studying radal/etlinic
health disparities hy (1) reviewing
operational definitions of race and
ethnicity and tlie research tools
tliat estimate difierential disease
burdens and health au'e use,
(2) assessing jast how far the field
has come in understanding healtli.
and (3) |iro]X)sing a future re-
search agenda that examines the
soda ...
Similar to Health and health care inequalities Name (20)
Hai,this is Anusha. am looking for a help with my research.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Hai,
this is Anusha. am looking for a help with my research papers. subject is homeland security and contemporary issues and the topics are
1.Border security is key to immigration reform??
2.walls won't keep us safe
may i get it done by Thursday evening. and also lemme know the amount for both the papers. am also attaching the paper rubric here
thank you.
.
Guys I need your help with my international law class, Its a course.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guys I need your help with my international law class, It's a course on International Law but it's not in essence a law course but part of the concentration I'm in, which is International Relations (in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences) my essay question is the following:
Are the jurisdictions of states absolute and unlimited?
.
hare some memories of encounters with people who had very different .docxJeanmarieColbert3
hare some memories of encounters with people who had very different expectations of their children compared to your own (it doesn't matter if you have children or not, just think about what you would have expected in their place). We tend to think of these situations in terms of good parents and bad parents, but speculate about the possible role of culture. Are there ways to avoid problems when parents with different cultural standards mix?
.
Hacker or SupporterAnswer ONE of the following questionsQuestio.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Hacker or Supporter
Answer ONE of the following questions:
Question A
In a 2-4 page paper, critique the case of Julian Assange, who created the Web site Wikileaks. Is Assange a glorified hacker and threat to national and international security or is he a supporter for human rights and freedom of speech?
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HA415 Unit 6Discussion TopicHealthcare systems are huge, compl.docxJeanmarieColbert3
HA415 Unit 6
Discussion Topic
Healthcare systems are huge, complex, and constantly changing as they respond to economic, technological, social, and historical factors. The availability of technology has a profound effect on the health care costs and the availability of medical care. Local, state and national policy makers have an impact on these systems. Explain what you would do to encourage and increase technological advances and availability and try to decrease costs for all the stakeholders involved.
Needs 250 -300 words paper, strictly on topic and original with a Scholar References. Please No Phagiarism!
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HA410 Unit 7 AssignmentUnit outcomes addressed in this Assignment.docxJeanmarieColbert3
HA410 Unit 7 Assignment
Unit outcomes addressed in this Assignment:
● Identify significant standards for healthcare documentation.
● Understand important factors involved in regulations pertaining to paper and electronic health records.
Course outcomes addressed in this Assignment:
HS410-4: Compare standards and regulations for healthcare documentation.
Instructions:
Your boss is the Director of Medical Records at a large academic medical center. He is finding it difficult to monitor the ongoing legislative and policy changes related to Health Information Management. He has asked that you do the following:
1) Visit the AHIMA website (www.ahima,org) and visit the “Advocacy and Public Policy” tab.
2) From there, visit both the “Legislation” and “News and Alerts” menu options.
3) Prepare two pages report highlighting the two most important items your boss should be aware of.
4) Recommend a course of action for each.
Paper should be 600- 800 words length, strictly on topic, informative, and original with 2-3 scholar referencess. No repeatation of words. Please use and read the attached document and follow all the instructions and use the grading rubrics below to do this assignment.
NO PHARGIARIAM!!
Unit 7 Assignment Grading Rubrics:
Instructors: to complete the rubric, please enter the points the student earned in the green cells of column E. Then determine point deductions for writing, late policy, etc in the red cells to calculate the final grade.
Assignment Requirements
Points possible
Points earned by student
Student understands issues related to health information management.
0-40
Student can assess policy and news items impact health information management.
0-40
Student can make well supported recommendations to address current legislative and policy issues in health information management.
0-40
Student prepares a well-crafted report in APA format using the AHIMA website and other sources, as needed.
0-30
Total (Sum of all points)
150
0
*Writing Deductions (Maximum 30% from points earned):
Grammar/Punctuation/Spelling:
30%
Order of Ideas/Length requirement (if applicable):
30%
Format
10%
*Source citations
30%
Late Submission Deduction: (refer to Syllabus for late policy)
Adjusted total points
0
*If sources are not cited and work is plagiarized, grade is an automatic zero and further action may take place in accordance with the Academic Integrity Policy as described in the university catalog.
Final Percentage
0%
Feedback:
.
hacer oír salir suponer traer ver 1. para la clase a la.docxJeanmarieColbert3
hacer oír salir
suponer traer ver
1.
para la clase a las dos.
2.
Los fines de semana mi computadora a casa.
3.
que me gusta trabajar los sábados por la mañana.
4.
Por las mañanas, música en la radio.
5.
Cuando tengo hambre, un sándwich.
6.
Para descansar, películas en la televisión.
.
H07 Medical Coding IDirections Be sure to make an electronic c.docxJeanmarieColbert3
H07 Medical Coding I
Directions
: Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be two (2) to four (4) pages in length; refer to the "Assignment Format" page for specific format requirements.
Lesson 1, 2, 3, and 4 of this course has covered a wide variety of topics. Thus far, you have learned a great deal of information on health insurance, medical contracts, HIPAA, physician and hospital medical billing, and Medicare and Medicaid.
For this writing assignment, please explain why the following course objectives are important for medical billers and coder to understand:
1.
Understand the history and impact of health insurance on health care reimbursement process and recognize various types of health insurance coverage.
2.
Identify the key elements of a managed care contract and identify the role HIPAA plays in the health care industry.
3.
Recognize and explain the different components of physician and hospital billing and differentiate between the two types of services.
4.
Explain the difference between Medicare and Medicaid billing.
Please include at least 3 scholarly articles within your response. Overall response will be formatted according to APA style and the total assignment should be between 2-4 pages not including title page and reference page.
.
Guidelines1.Paper consisting of 2,000-2,250 words; however,.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guidelines:
1.
Paper consisting of 2,000-2,250 words; however, the reference page isn’t included as any part of the word count.
2.
Provide a thesis and/or main claim that is clear and comprehensive. This is the essence of the paper.
3.
APA formatting: in-text citations, headings, correct sentence structure, paragraph transition.
4.
Please apply the attached (4) readings to this homework.
5.
Address the following in the paper:
a.
Briefly describe the company
REI
using the Baldrige Performance Excellence framework.
b.
Using the Baldrige framework, outline
REI
organization's leadership structure and practices (
innovation, communication, and diversity
) chosen to study.
c.
Describe the evidence you find to identify that organization's leadership style (
servant and authentic
) by using specific references from the research literature to support your description.
d.
As a researcher of organizational leadership, how does the Baldrige framework help assess organizational leadership?
e.
Identify any
gaps
in assessment the framework does not address, and describe them with references from other sources.
.
Guidelines12-point fontCambria fontSingle space50 words ma.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guidelines
12-point font
Cambria font
Single space
50 words maximum per section summarized (Be concise. I would prefer less than 50 words)
Sections to summarize-
(50 words summary for each topic )
Genetics Versus Epigenetics
Defining Epigenetics
DNA methylation
RNAi and RNA-directed Gene Silencing
From Unicellular to Multicellular Systems
.
HA425 Unit 2 discussion- Organizational Behavior and Management in H.docxJeanmarieColbert3
HA425 Unit 2 discussion- Organizational Behavior and Management in Health Care - Discussion
Discussion Topics
1.
Discuss the role and importance of organizational culture in promoting organizational change, organizational learning, and quality of healthcare.
2. Explain how teamwork is used in the CQI process and its impact on the process.
NO PHARGIARISM!!! Paper must be 500 words, strictly on topic, well detailed and original with 2-3 scholar referencsea. No repeatation.
.
GuidelinesPaper is based on one novel , Frankenstein. We ha.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guidelines
Paper is based on one novel ,
Frankenstein
. We have
learned that one element crucial to horror stories is a monster. After reading the
entire novel , you will write a two- to three-page paper analyzing whether Victor Frankenstein or the
creation is the true monster in the novel.
You must pick one. Then state three
reasons/actions why he is the monster.
DO NOT:
o
Claim they are both monsters
o
Claim that neither is
o
Claim that there is no monster because Victor is hallucinating, has
a split personality, is dreaming, etc.
o
Claim that the real monster is abstract/philosophical--narcissism,
society, nature vs. nurture, etc
These are all innovative and great and may make a great essay but that's not
the assignment.
You must make a claim that Victor is the true monster
OR his creation is the true monster and support your claim.
Even though it is your interpretation of who the monster is, when you write
academic essays, you are really asserting a claim and attempting to convince
readers to agree with your stance. To do this effectively, it’s best to create a
more objective tone, pulling back on personal statements and writing in terms of
what Shelley intended and how readers in general perceive/infer the information.
In other words, avoid statements like: “I think the monster is really Victor
Frankenstein.” And use statements like: “After careful analysis of Shelley’s
characters, readers agree that Victor is the true monster of the novel.” Also, a
major pitfall to avoid: Do not claim that the monster is Victor then focus on the
creation in the body of the essay and why the creation is not the monster.
Throughout the semester, I have been posing questions on the Discussion Board
that you have been responsible for. You were then required in some weeks to
respond to a peer’s answers. The purpose of this is to cultivate interaction among
peers as you are working in such solitude when in an online environment.
However, I know that it is hard to routinely read a lot of what your peers have to
say. So this second paper is the one opportunity for you to truly HEAR several
angles of a discussion, much like in a traditional classroom, and assimilate the
opinions of your classmates.
For the essay, after you first come to your own observation about who the true
monster is then read through a handful of each of the four
Frankenstein
discussion threads (Storyline Shift, Victor Frankenstein, The Creation, and
Frankenstein Finale). Find a few posts that support your observation. You do not
need to read through all of the posts for each thread but read through enough to
help inform your selection. Throughout your essay you will need to
include at
least three quotes from two different threads (one per body
paragraph/reason).
These quotes need to support your claim. In other words, if
you claim that Victor is the monster, don’t include a quote by a peer that focuses
on the monster’s compassion. Also, be.
Guidelines1.Paper word count should be 1,000-1,250. Refer.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guidelines:
1.
Paper word count should be 1,000-1,250. Reference page should not be counted in the word count.
2.
Following issues to be addressed in the paper:
a.
Discuss the conceptual differences between Transformational-Transactional Leadership and the visions of future developments in leadership Warren Bennis was predicting.
b.
Using the guidance of both leadership theorists and applied behavioral scientists, compose your basic definition of organizational leadership that is functional in organizations you know.
c.
Drawing from tenets of the Christian worldview related to organizational leadership, compare the key points of that guidance with two key elements (leadership and integrity) of organizational leadership.
d.
Support your comparisons with substantive documentation for each of the two key elements of current theories.
3.
Due date: No later than Wednesday, October 12, 2016 at noon (EST)
.
Guided Response Respond to at least two of your classmates. Ch.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guided Response:
Respond to at least two of your classmates. Choose posts that address a different developmental period than you chose. Determine if the selected activity and toy is appropriate to the age group and is tied to Piaget’s theory. Provide feedback and suggestions for improvement.
Melissa Pieringer
An activity for the adolescent room: hypothetical problem solving
According to Piaget’s theory children 12 and over are in the formal operations stage of cognitive development. This is the final stage of cognitive development that takes place prior to adulthood. Children at this stage are developing abstract reasoning, deductive reasoning, and hypothetical thinking skills. Children at this stage are able to use hypothetico-deductive reasoning which involves forming a hypothesis, predicting a possible or likely outcome for a given scenario, and taking into consideration various factors that may influence the outcome (Mossler, 2014). At the formal operations stage children also develop the ability to think abstractly and weigh multiple potential outcomes for a given situation (Mossler, 2014). According to the Jean Piaget Society (2016), one of the best ways to promote the development of abstract thinking skills is to explore hypothetical topics, global issues, political issues, or social issues and allow children to come up with potential creative solutions to the problem (The Jean Piaget Society, 2016). A suggested hypothetical scenario to explore could be how humans could live in outer space (The Jean Piaget Society, 2016). Other present day issues to explore could include global warming, pollution, limited resources, war, poverty, famine, etc.
A toy or object for the adolescent room: art and crafting supplies
It is suggested that educators working with children at this stage use visual models such as charts, illustrations, and diagrams to keep children engaged in learning (The Jean Piaget Society, 2016). Furthermore, children should be encouraged to work creatively with a variety of materials. Art and crafting supplies could be used to create illustrations, diagrams, or posters demonstrating the solutions that they come up with to the topic or issue being explored. Therefore, I would request that a variety of art and crafting supplies be given to the adolescent room. Some ideas for materials could include the following:
· Poster paper or boards
· Paint
· Markers
· Colored pencils
· Crayons
· Scissors
· Glue or glue sticks
· Construction paper
· Old magazines
· Stencils
· Rulers
· String
References
Mossler, R. (2014).
Child and Adolescent Development
(2
nd
ed.) [Electronic ed.]. Retrieved
from:
https://content.ashford.edu/
The Jean Piaget Society. (2016). Educational implications of Piaget’s theory. Retrieved from:
http://piaget.weebly.com/educational-implications--activities.html
Christina Gutierrez
Cognitive De.
Guided ResponseReview the philosophies of education that your.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guided Response:
Review the philosophies of education that your classmates chose and write a minimum 150-word response to at least two of them. Comment on whether you agree or disagree with their philosophies of education and their rational for them. Suggest additional ways in which the theories they have chosen could be applied to educational environments.
By:
Melissa
I have been in the classroom for over 12 years, and every day I learn something new. Every day I encounter a new student or discover something new about a student in my class that has been there the whole year. Every encounter is different, every child is different, and not one child thinks the same or learns the same. I discovered this early on in my teaching career, but I am constantly reminded how we cannot take for granted streamlined teaching in the classroom.
Teachers are not the only ones who teach in the classroom, the students in your classroom teach each other and teach you the teacher how to explain something differently and view things differently and reach the same destination to answer the same question correctly. I believe that being an effective teacher one must get to know students on a personal level. Not by reading their folders at the beginning of the year, but by asking open ended questions, listening to how they respond and how they express themselves either verbally or written expression. Teachers need to listen to their students not just hear them and move on, but take the child as a whole and help them reach another level in their education journey.
Special education is more than just accommodations; it is accommodating children to their needs and finding what works for them. Some need verbal cues to know that they are doing well and motivate them to keep working towards success, while others need positive written expression to push them over the hump and work to accomplish their goals. Most children with learning disabilities suffer from low self esteem and act up or become the class clown are constantly in trouble. They become the trouble makers or the ones always in trouble for not completing homework assignments, and because teachers only see this on the surface they push them off to one side of the classroom. What most general education teachers don’t see is how much they are asking for help.
Education should be used to empower every student and every teacher. Being an educator is more than just teaching to a test, it is planting the seed of enjoying the love for learning. We need to remember that we are educating our future.
By:
Katrina
Children learn best in an environment where they feel safe, especially younger children in an early childhood program. For toddlers the progressivism philosophy is one that works best. Toddlers cannot sit still for long periods of time and they need things that are developmentally appropriate. They need activities that allow them to use all of their senses. As they are touching and seeing while list.
Guided Response When responding to your peers, suggest ways to.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guided Response:
When responding to your peers, suggest ways to continue to strengthen the contribution listed, so that this influence remains strong in our education system today. Describe why you believe this contribution should continue to be a part of our current education system. Respond to at least two peers.
BY: Tiffany Futch
Improved teaching means teachers were taught to teach on more of a professional level by actual people qualified to teach. Normal schools broadened their curricula to the training of secondary school teachers, requirement of the completion of high school to be admitted to college for teacher training, teachers must have a bachelor’s degree. “High school completion was seldom required for admission, and the majority of instructors did not hold a college degree themselves.” (Diener, 2008). Society has come a long way when it comes to teaching, and who is qualified to teach. Higher education is required more than ever in today’s society, and all of these examples have helped with the success of the way teachers complete their degrees today.
When it comes to teaching in the 21
st
century, full time teachers are required to have a minimum of a four year bachelor’s degree. Technology helps play a role in the success of teachers and students in and out of the classroom. Like the rest of the class we are all completing our degree in an online program. When it comes to teaching in the classroom teachers can use computers and other devices to help children excel, and outside of the classroom, the students can utilize the internet to help them with projects, and even communicate with other students to help with projects.
Webb. L. D. (2014). History of American education: Voices and perspectives. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
BY:Christine Rodriguez
Teacher training is very important for teachers because they should be able to teach multiple subjects and be qualified in what they are teaching. Strengthening of the normal school curriculum and standards was needed in order for the school system to get better. In the 1900's schools exploded from 50 to almost 350, but with the low academic levels, teacher and students were not able to teach or learn at a college level. Teachers did not have, at this point, a college degree themselves. As the population kept increases and there was a higher demand for education, everyone began to need a high school diploma to be admitted for a college degree.
University enter teacher training: "Teacher training at the college or university level, typically consisted of one or two courses in the "science and art" of teaching, had been offered at a limited number of institutions as early as the 1830s, and the universities had always been institutions for the education of those who taught in the Latin grammar schools, academies, and high schools" (Webb, 2014).
This did not qualify them as teachers when they took these courses, but it did make them becom.
Guided Response As you read the responses of your classmates, con.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guided Response:
As you read the responses of your classmates, consider how their negative educational experience could have been changed to support student learning. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts. Provide additional suggestions for them in creating their own positive, stimulating learning environment. Be sure to respond to any queries or comments posted by your instructor.
Melissa Cagno
The biggest negative experience that I have had is with a previous employer, and it was my first day as a preschool teacher in a facility nearby. On my first day, I walked into a situation that made a huge impact on the way I viewed this facility. When I started that day, I was told that I would not be in “my classroom” that I would be filling in for a teacher that was out that day. I didn’t have an issue with that fact and was actually up for the challenge. But when I entered the classroom I noticed there were no rules, no structure, no lesson plans and the classroom was complete chaos. I managed to create some spur of the moment lessons and engaged in music as much as possible. Then when it was time for lunch, and I went to serve it, it was pure sugar and very unhealthy. I left for the day feeling defeated, tired, frustrated and stressed and nowhere to turn. I expressed my concerns throughout the day along with a lot of severe health issues to the owner and was brushed off. I care a lot about the children’s safety and their learning environment, and I felt like I was drowning. Needless to say, I ended up moving on from that position because I felt helpless and without a direction to improve anything.
I have had several positive experiences throughout my educational background. The classrooms were always welcoming, warm and inviting and it showed that the teachers cared about their classrooms and their students. Those classrooms made me excited about becoming a teacher and gave me something to work towards in the future.
“The foundation for successful learning and a safe and secure classroom climate is the relationship that teachers develop with their students (Sousa, Tomlinson, 2011)”. The teacher-student relationship is something that should be built on from day one. If the students do not trust or know you, they will feel uneasy and unsafe in the classroom environment. It is so important to form the relationship with your students to ensure communication and safety of your students. Another way to provide a positive learning environment is with your attitude. If you have a positive and fun attitude, it will show through your lessons and your students will enjoy being in your class every day which will affect how they learn. Lastly, the organization is a big key to a positive and stimulating learning environment. If your classroom is packed full of stuff or the students, do not know where materials are it can cause frustrations for you and your students.
I firmly believe there are no stupid questions! I want to ensure my stude.
Guided ResponseReview several of your classmates’ posts and res.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guided Response:
Review several of your classmates’ posts and respond to at least two of your peers original posts. Please keep in mind that this assignment can be a sensitive subject and that people’s past experiences may have shaped their views. Choose one point from your peer’s post that made an impact on you and explain why this particular comment resonated with you. Share your thoughts on the disadvantages and advantages of segregation with your peers.
BY:
Tiffany
Bradley
When preparing for this week’s discussion post I was a little at awe, I personally had never heard of the little rock nine. And I’m not that far from Arkansas. The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students that were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. However, their enrollment was engaged by the Little Rock Crisis. Which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. When President Dwight D. Eisenhower done an intervention, the students were then allowed to attend the school. The nine students were Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson Thomas, Terrance Roberts, Thelma Mothershed, and Melba Pattillo Beals. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine)
Personally, if I was in the situation that these nine students experienced I would have been lost, afraid, and felt like something was wrong with me. A child of any race should not have to be put in this situation to feel unwanted or that they are unwelcome because they are of a different color. Many times however that is not the case. And this was the case for these nine children. My reaction would have been a sense of sadness, and anger. I don’t believe I would not have made a seen, simply out of fear of being hurt. I would have wanted to stand up for myself as well as my peers of the same color. Nowadays, if the situation would arise that an African American child was not allowed into a while school, yes I would stand up. And voice my opinion. It should not matter the color of a child’s skin. They should be allowed to receive the proper education. Without first having to go through turmoil. This situation I’m sure was emotionally devastating for these nine children. Who simply just wanted to get an education. (Webb. L. D. (2014). History of American education: Voices and perspectives. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.)
De facto segregation, I believe does not have a detrimental effect on students nowadays. Some adults that were raised to racial, still are. But if children are taught not to be that way. Then most of the time children learn to except another student of a different minority. Where I live we have a lot of white and minority students. Which none are treated differently. They are all in school for the same reason to get an education. My own personal beliefs are we are all children of God, and just because we are different races, does not mean.
Guided ResponseYou must reply to at least one classmate. As y.docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guided Response:
You must reply to at least one classmate
. As you reply to your classmates, attempt to extend the conversation by examining their claims or arguments in more depth or by responding to the posts that they make to you. Keep the discussion on target and try to analyze things in as much detail as you can. For instance, you might consider sharing additional ways that information literacy skills can help them be critical consumers of information. Discuss similarities in how you and your classmates connected with the infographic or article
.
Guided ResponseRespond to at least one classmate that has been .docxJeanmarieColbert3
Guided Response:
Respond to at least one classmate that has been assigned a different position from you and offer a rebuttal. Be sure to provide evidence from the literature to support your opposition. Also, respond to your original post and provide your own opinion of inclusion based on the evidence from the research and the responses of your classmates. Did your thinking change after reading your classmates’ viewpoints? Share your concerns about working with students with special needs in the regular classroom.
BY:
Mallory Johnson
What is inclusion?
Inclusion is an educational environment in which all students are grouped together in the same classroom regardless of their intelligence level hence the phrase used, “Least Restrictive Environment”. This practice means that an increasing number of regular classroom teachers are called upon to teach exceptional children in regular classrooms, sometimes also termed inclusive classrooms (LeFrançois, G. 2011).
IDEA was established for children with learning disabilities and has been mandated as a part of every educational facility.
As defined by the American Psychological Association, “The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ensures that all children with disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living.”
Not every student learns equally; however, every student should be given the equal opportunity to do so regardless of their learning abilities. With that, inclusion provides an environment where not only students will learn together, but regular students will respect and build friendships with students with learning disabilities. While I never had the change to experience this firsthand, this type of environment will enhance friendships and students helping one another. I think that when a child is included in something, their self confidence improves and they will strive to work harder.
Second, inclusion allows students to understand one another and learn from each other as far as customs and courtesies and attitudes. Students are vulnerable to imitate what they see whether it be good or bad. According to the text, one of the benefits of inclusion is the learning of socially appropriate behaviors by students with disabilities as a result of modeling the behavior of other students.
Lastly, inclusive classrooms provide students with learning disabilities access to general learning like the rest of their peers. They will learn the same information instead of the curriculum being adjusted which may omit valuable information. In this case, these students may be learning information that could be too easy depending on where they stand knowledge wise. For others, the adjustment may hinder learning more challenging information some could be ready for.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). (n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2016, from http://www.apa.org/about/.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. Health and health care inequalities
Name
Institution
Racial inequalities and discrimination
African Americans bear disproportionate burden in injury,
disease morbidity, disability and mortality. This disadvantage is
mostly related to age-related mortality. African Americans are
significantly at risk for early death compared to the native
community. The overall death rate of death among the African
Americans in the US is equivalent to that of the natives thirty
years ago (Dreyer, Brettle, & Roderick, 2020). The premature
death is caused by various disorders such as obesity,
cardiovascular heart disease, and hypertension. For example,
the cases of death due to heart-related diseases is higher among
the African Americans than any other race group in the United
States. These health challenges occur in the context of
increasing inequalities in the rate of disease infection.
Economic differences cannot explain the difference in
health inequalities even when socioeconomic status is
2. controlled. Differences in skin tone may be the basis of the
discrimination in health status. The health disparities that
negatively affect the African Americans arise from many
sources including social inequalities, inherited health risks, and
lifestyle patterns. Health disparities could also be caused by
race-based discrimination. The concept of place or
geographical location is important in explaining contribution of
social injustice to health risks. Various studies shows that
neighborhood is important in mediating access to social
connections and opportunities, all which are factors that affect
health status. When neighborhood is characterized by
segregation, often linked to racial concentration, then African
Americans have higher rates of mortality and morbidity.
Residential segregation and discrimination that creates
concentrated neighborhoods where residents are poor are social
spaces with concentrated health-related problems. African
Americans have higher exposure to stressful environments
because of fewer resources.
African American, a poor racial minority has poorer health
status. The poor community is less likely to have sufficient
health and social services and this create a problem of timely
access to medical services. Second, the community environment
expose the African American to health hazards such as air
pollution, dirt, and water contamination (Barsanti & Salmi,
2017). Moreover, concentration of social inequalities and
poverty and it related characteristics such as substance abuse,
anxiety, unemployment, and crime often creates social
environment that lessen social connectedness. Researchers link
the idea of biological responses that may be triggered by
neighborhood stressors. There is correlation between residential
segregation and social inequality. There are different factors
that concentrate social stressors which trigger risks of heart
disease, cognitive impairment, and chronic inflammation.
African Americans who mostly live in unhealthy environment
responds at a biological levels with elevated levels of
hormones, this response create specific disease processes.
3. Ethics
The health disparities that exist in the US are problematic
because they demonstrate the old system of injustice based on
race and social status. The system of injustices in health care is
an ethical problem and, therefore, states of affairs that
exemplify these kind of injustices are ethical problems. Health
disparities are kinds of injustices among the African Americans.
Members of society receive social benefits in exchange for
paying taxes and adhering to set rules. When African Americans
are subjected to burdens of taxes and they do not get the basic
benefits, a serious wring is committed (Jones, 2016). The
African Americans do not experience reasonable health
outcomes when compared to the native Whites. Health
disparities based on ethnic and racial lines are disadvantage to
members of the society.
The moral implication of lack of ethics in health care is
that differences in access and quality of health care result to
substantive inequalities. The African Americans are less able to
enjoy rights to pursuit of happiness and life. Health disparities
amount to classism and racism because they result to
preexisting inequalities suffered by the vulnerable members of
Black communities. The African Americans are historically
disenfranchised by past laws and medical practices. Moreover,
health disparities have fueled mistrust of medical practices
based on past practices and injustices, discouraging the blacks
from seeking care (Cochran & Barnes, 2017). Mistrust has
further widened the health disparities. Another implication of
health disparities among the blacks is that it impedes access to
quality care and impair quality of care to the Black community.
When the limited resources are diverted to cover the patients
who have serious conditions because of their economic position,
every American suffer. For example, uninsured patients cause
negative impact for the insured people. This means that
existence of health disparities is moral wrong.
Whether the disparities in health care are caused by
sociocultural factors, differences in income, or treatment
4. decisions, they are unjustified and should be eliminated.
Doctors should ensure racial prejudice does not impact clinical
judgment. Ethical and health care policy must be considered to
improve health care for African Americans. There are many
caused of health care disparities and this include: race, gender
differences, health literacy, and age. As health and wellness is a
universal need, with health impact, hospitals should support
efforts to ensure access to high-quality medication. Advocating
for reforms in public policy to remove health access barriers
through insurance and universal health coverage is an ethical
imperative. Successful implementation of such medical policy
will reduce health disparities and disparities in pain care
Policies to reduce disparities
There are wide range of policies to help United States to
support equitable health. Improving health and reducing health
disparities are important issues among the Blacks. Investing in
health reduce poverty and increase economic growth and human
capabilities. There are two main policy action on addressing
health care inequities among the African American. These are
based on the closing health gaps and targeted programs for the
vulnerable population. Results of study demonstrate that health
disparities are priority for the United State federal government,
however, clear targets and system of impact assessment to
ascertain the quality of the intervention are missing. The impact
of policies in place to reduce racial inequalities will be
desirable if actions are combined across social determinants
through federal, state and local government. Political
commitment is high in state and federal government in reducing
health disparities more so in African American community.
Policies to take racial inequalities in health and healthcare are
common in United State. The context of such policies vary
across states, reflecting different social and political ideologies.
Recognizing racial inequalities in health care is not enough,
good governance is needed to strength the federal and states
capacity. The outcomes of selected policies should be monitored
and strengthened to be adopted in other contexts.
5. Advocacy methods
Advocacy for racial equalities in health care practices has
been through Non-Governmental networking and protest. One of
the strengths of NGOs for advocating equality in health care
lies in their networking abilities. It enables these organization
to share their voices even with limited financial resources.
African Americans have engaged in protests in many political
and social forums. Protesters target major forum or summit
calling attention to fair and accessible social amenities and
pressing for change. Protests reach wide audience, however it
can result to chaos and social disorder. References
Barsanti, S., & Salmi, L.-R. (2017). Strategies and governance
to reduce health inequalities: evidences from a cross-European
survey. Global Health Research Policy, 2(18).
doi:10.1186/s41256-017-0038-7
Cochran, S. D., & Barnes, N. W. (2017). Race, Race-Based
Discrimination, and Health Outcomes Among African
Americans. Annual review of psychology, 58, 201–225.
Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190212
Dreyer, G., Brettle, A., & Roderick, P. J. (2020). Ethnic
minority disparities in progression and mortality of pre-dialysis
chronic kidney disease: a systematic scoping review. BMC
Nephrol, 21(217), 1-13. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-01852-3
Jones, C. (2016). The Moral Problem of Health Disparities.
American Journal of Public Health, 47-52.
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.171181
Unit10AssignSWHPP
Federal Policy Analysis and Recommendations
6. Assignment Instructions
As noted above, use the revised work you have done in your
Policy Selection and Background (Unit 4) and Policy Analysis
(Unit 6) assignments to develop a complete analysis.
Additionally, this final submission includes recommendations
you would make regarding future changes to the policy to
improve its effectiveness in address the social justice issue for
the chosen population.
For your final version, include:IntroductionBody of Paper
Address the following, based on revising the assignments you
submitted previously:
· Analyze the social justice issue and its connection to the
chosen population, addressing cultural values, privilege, and
power in your analysis.
· Analyze the federal policy and its connection to the social
justice problem and the targeted population.
· Analyze the historical issues and context leading up to, and
including, the development of the policy.
· Evaluate the effectiveness of the policy, including addressing
issues with policy design, implementation practices, and
external constraints that inhibit effectiveness.
· Evaluate the feasibility of the policy from political, economic,
and administrative perspectives.Conclusion
· Provide a brief summary of the current state of the policy's
implementation in regard to the chosen social justice issue and
target population.
· Draw conclusions based on your analysis about the continuing
effectiveness of the policy. What have been the policy's
strengths and weaknesses, and how might these look going
forward? Cite specific examples to support your
analysis.Recommendations
· Provide recommendations to improve the policy or to replace
it with alternative solutions, including a plan for how you will
advocate for these changes. Should the policy be replaced,
modified, or extended upon?
· Justify your recommendations for new policies or revisions
7. with a detailed rationale.
· Describe how the new or revised policy for the chosen
population will be implemented into policy planning and action.
· Additional Requirements
The assignment you submit is expected to meet the following
requirements:
· Written communication: Written communication is free of
errors that detract from the overall message.
· APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted
according to current APA style and formatting standards.
· Parts of the paper: Include a title page, table of contents, body
of paper, references, and running headers.
· Cited resources: Minimum of eight scholarly sources. All
literature cited should be current, with publication dates within
the past five years.
· Length of paper: 3 double-spaced, typed pages.
· Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.