Lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate forced convection in oil sands (low permeable porous geometries). Fluid flows through a sandstone look alike square geometry with left wall of the geometry kept at higher temperature compared to other walls. Investigation is carried out to study influence of increased temperature on flow properties by observing the variation in velocity and temperature profiles for various permeability and porosity values, which were varied to match the geometrical properties of oil sands.
FIELD AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATED CONSOLIDATION USING VERTICAL DR...P singh
Mumbai is the region consisting of soft compressible marine clay deposits. There are several construction problems on such soils and thus ground improvement is need to be carried out. Vertical drains is generally preferred technique as accelerated settlement is achieved during the construction phase itself if planned accordingly. The concept of vertical drains is based on the theory of three dimensional consolidation as described by Terzaghi (1943). Based on this concept, a consolidation programme is developed and an attempt is made to determine the field to laboratory coefficient of vertical consolidation ratio by Taylor’s Square Root of Time Method and Casagrande’s Logarithm of Time Fitting Method for this region by considering the case study of Bhandup Lagoon Works Embankment. Based on this ratio, the rate of consolidation and time required for consolidation in the field can be determined knowing the consolidation parameters. Equations are developed by using output of the programme and it is explained.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
FIELD AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATED CONSOLIDATION USING VERTICAL DR...P singh
Mumbai is the region consisting of soft compressible marine clay deposits. There are several construction problems on such soils and thus ground improvement is need to be carried out. Vertical drains is generally preferred technique as accelerated settlement is achieved during the construction phase itself if planned accordingly. The concept of vertical drains is based on the theory of three dimensional consolidation as described by Terzaghi (1943). Based on this concept, a consolidation programme is developed and an attempt is made to determine the field to laboratory coefficient of vertical consolidation ratio by Taylor’s Square Root of Time Method and Casagrande’s Logarithm of Time Fitting Method for this region by considering the case study of Bhandup Lagoon Works Embankment. Based on this ratio, the rate of consolidation and time required for consolidation in the field can be determined knowing the consolidation parameters. Equations are developed by using output of the programme and it is explained.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mesoscopic simulation of incompressible fluid flow in porous mediaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate cavity driven fluid flow in porous media. A square cavity is considered with the top
lid moving with uniform velocity and other sides kept stationary. Simulation is carried out for values of Darcy number ranging
from 10-6 to10-2 at Reynolds number 10 and 100. Influence of Darcy number and Reynolds number is investigated on velocity
profiles and the streamline plots. Half-way bounce back boundary conditions are employed in the numerical simulation. The
numerical code is first verified with the results available in the literature and then used to simulate the Newtonian fluid flow in
porous media. The Darcy number and the Reynolds number were observed to have great influence on the flow properties and the
location of the primary vortex. Simulation was carried out for a 100100 mesh grid and a fine agreement is established theories
in incompressible fluid flow.
Keywords: Lattice Boltzmann method, incompressible flow, porous media
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Modeling unsteady thermal–viscous flows inside/around complicated geometries containing multiphase sub-systems (fluid–porous–solid) and multi-physics phenomena (diffusion; forced/free/mixed convection; time variations of velocity, temperatures and heat fluxes sources; still and moving bodies) is an ambitious challenge in many applications of interest in science and engineering. Scope of this exploratory work is to investigate if the combination of a grid free Lagrangian Blob method with a Brinkman layer domain embedding approach can be useful for the preliminary analysis of heterogeneous unsteady thermal buoyant problems, where easiness, readiness, short computational times, good qualitative and sufficient quantitative accuracy are the most important aspects. In this work we couple a grid free unsteady Lagrangian Thermal-Vortex Blob method with a double penalization method that considers solid bodies contoured by a fictitious buffer thin boundary layer, described by a porous Brinkman model. The model problem in this study is the interaction of a thermal buoyant plume with a solid body, still or in motion. Both solid body and Brinkman boundary layer are described by volume penalization applied by an unsteady mask method. After a description of this novel approach, preliminary analyses for validations are presented for various thermal buoyant steady/unsteady problems relative to thermal and thermal-vortical patches, fixed, free and in presence of a still or moving body. Comments on pros, contras and further work, conclude the paper.
Numerical Simulation of Gaseous Microflows by Lattice Boltzmann MethodIDES Editor
This work is concerned with application of the
Lattice Boltzmznn Method (LBM) to compute flows in microgeometries.
The choice of using LBM for microflow simulation
is a good one owing to the fact that it is based on the Boltzmann
equation which is valid for the whole range of the Knudsen
number. In this work LBM is applied to simulate the pressure
driven microchannel flows and micro lid-driven cavity flows.
First, the microchannel flow is studied in some details with
the effects of varying the Knudsen number, pressure ratio
and Tangential Momemtum Accomodation Coefficient
(TMAC). The pressure distribution and other parameters are
compared with available experimental and analytical data
with good agreement. After having thus established the
credibility of the code and the method including boundary
conditions, LBM is then used to investigate the micro liddriven
cavity flow. The computations are carried out mainly
for the slip regime and the threshold of the transition regime.
• Consulted on the heat transfer coefficients on two different materials, concrete and aluminum.
• Generated plotted graphs of the temperature loss per time using two different methods, the Heisler Method and Newtonian Cooling Method, all while performing error analysis.
Mesoscopic simulation of incompressible fluid flow in porous mediaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate cavity driven fluid flow in porous media. A square cavity is considered with the top
lid moving with uniform velocity and other sides kept stationary. Simulation is carried out for values of Darcy number ranging
from 10-6 to10-2 at Reynolds number 10 and 100. Influence of Darcy number and Reynolds number is investigated on velocity
profiles and the streamline plots. Half-way bounce back boundary conditions are employed in the numerical simulation. The
numerical code is first verified with the results available in the literature and then used to simulate the Newtonian fluid flow in
porous media. The Darcy number and the Reynolds number were observed to have great influence on the flow properties and the
location of the primary vortex. Simulation was carried out for a 100100 mesh grid and a fine agreement is established theories
in incompressible fluid flow.
Keywords: Lattice Boltzmann method, incompressible flow, porous media
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Modeling unsteady thermal–viscous flows inside/around complicated geometries containing multiphase sub-systems (fluid–porous–solid) and multi-physics phenomena (diffusion; forced/free/mixed convection; time variations of velocity, temperatures and heat fluxes sources; still and moving bodies) is an ambitious challenge in many applications of interest in science and engineering. Scope of this exploratory work is to investigate if the combination of a grid free Lagrangian Blob method with a Brinkman layer domain embedding approach can be useful for the preliminary analysis of heterogeneous unsteady thermal buoyant problems, where easiness, readiness, short computational times, good qualitative and sufficient quantitative accuracy are the most important aspects. In this work we couple a grid free unsteady Lagrangian Thermal-Vortex Blob method with a double penalization method that considers solid bodies contoured by a fictitious buffer thin boundary layer, described by a porous Brinkman model. The model problem in this study is the interaction of a thermal buoyant plume with a solid body, still or in motion. Both solid body and Brinkman boundary layer are described by volume penalization applied by an unsteady mask method. After a description of this novel approach, preliminary analyses for validations are presented for various thermal buoyant steady/unsteady problems relative to thermal and thermal-vortical patches, fixed, free and in presence of a still or moving body. Comments on pros, contras and further work, conclude the paper.
Numerical Simulation of Gaseous Microflows by Lattice Boltzmann MethodIDES Editor
This work is concerned with application of the
Lattice Boltzmznn Method (LBM) to compute flows in microgeometries.
The choice of using LBM for microflow simulation
is a good one owing to the fact that it is based on the Boltzmann
equation which is valid for the whole range of the Knudsen
number. In this work LBM is applied to simulate the pressure
driven microchannel flows and micro lid-driven cavity flows.
First, the microchannel flow is studied in some details with
the effects of varying the Knudsen number, pressure ratio
and Tangential Momemtum Accomodation Coefficient
(TMAC). The pressure distribution and other parameters are
compared with available experimental and analytical data
with good agreement. After having thus established the
credibility of the code and the method including boundary
conditions, LBM is then used to investigate the micro liddriven
cavity flow. The computations are carried out mainly
for the slip regime and the threshold of the transition regime.
• Consulted on the heat transfer coefficients on two different materials, concrete and aluminum.
• Generated plotted graphs of the temperature loss per time using two different methods, the Heisler Method and Newtonian Cooling Method, all while performing error analysis.
Offshore structures are continuously exposed to extremely varying aerodynamic
and hydrodynamic loads. The storm waves and breaking waves may cause significant
impact on coastal and offshore structures such as vertical sea wall, wind turbines,
LNG carriers and submarine pipelines etc. The prediction of the breaking wave
impact pressure is the important aspect in the design of those structures. The breaking
wave forces produce the highest hydrodynamic loads on substructures in shallow
water, predominantly plunging breaking waves. Owing to the complex and transient
nature of the impact forces it requires more details concerning the physics of breaking
waves and nature of wave interaction with those structures.
In this paper, A Piston-type wave generator was incorporated in the
computational domain to generate waves. Flow 3D was used for simulating 3D
numerical wave tank. The desired breaking waves are simulated using the concept of
wave focusing using Flow 3D solver. These waves are made to impinge on the elastic
circular cylinders of different materials such as PVC, timber and concrete by varying
the support conditions such as cantilever, both ends fixed, inclined support with 30º
inclination. The hydrodynamic response and the structural response are analysed and
validated with the experimental literatures. The maximum impact pressure transpired
on the cylinder due to plunging wave impact from numerical simulation is found to be
eight times of the non-breaking waves
In this paper, the unsteady motion of a spherical particle rolling down an inclined tube in a
Newtonian fluid for a range of Reynolds numbers was solved using a simulation method called
the Differential Transformation Method (DTM). The concept of differential transformation is
briefly introduced, and then we employed it to derive solution of nonlinear equation. The
obtained results for displacement, velocity and acceleration of the motion from DTM are
compared with those from numerical solution to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.
The effects of particle diameter (size), continues phase viscosity and inclination angles was
studied. As an important result it was found that the inclination angle does not affect the
acceleration duration. The results reveal that the Differential Transformation Method can achieve suitable results in predicting the solution of such problems.
This project aims at simulating lid driven cavity flow problem using package MATLAB. Steady Incompressible Navier-Stokes equation with continuity equation will be studied at various Reynolds number. The main aim is to obtain the velocity field in steady state using the finite difference formulation on momentum equations and continuity equation. Reynold number is the pertinent parameter of the present study. Taylor’s series expansion has been used to convert the governing equations in the algebraic form using finite difference schemes.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
"A full experimental and numerical modelling of the practicability of thin fo...Mehran Naghizadeh
Paper entitled "A full experimental and numerical modelling of the practicability of thin foam barrier as vibration reduction measure" published by Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (2020).
LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATION OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID FLOW IN A LID DRIVEN CAVITY IAEME Publication
Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is used to simulate the lid driven cavity flow to explore the mechanism of non-Newtonian fluid flow. The power law model is used to represent the class of non-Newtonian fluids (shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids) by considering a range of 0.8 to 1.6. Investigation is carried out to study the influence of power law index and Reynolds number on the variation of velocity profiles and streamlines plots. Velocity profiles and the streamline patterns
for various values of power law index at Reynolds numbers ranging 100 to 3200 are presented. Half way bounce back boundary conditions are employed in the numerical method.
Field and Theoretical Analysis of Accelerated Consolidation Using Vertical Dr...inventionjournals
Mumbai is the region consisting of soft compressible marine clay deposits. There are several construction problems on such soils and thus ground improvement is need to be carried out. Vertical drains is generally preferred technique as accelerated settlement is achieved during the construction phase itself if planned accordingly. The concept of vertical drains is based on the theory of three dimensional consolidation as described by Terzaghi (1943). Based on this concept, a consolidation programme is developed and an attempt is made to determine the field to laboratory coefficient of vertical consolidation ratio by Taylor’s Square Root of Time Method and Casagrande’s Logarithm of Time Fitting Method for this region. Based on this, the rate of consolidation and time required for consolidation in the field can be determined knowing the consolidation parameters. Equations are developed by using output of the programme and it is explained.
A full experimental and numerical modelling of the practicability of thin foa...Mehran Naghizadeh
This paper presents the performance of geofoam-filled trenches in mitigating of ground vibration transmissions by the means of a full experimental study. The results are interpreted in the frequency domain. Fully automated 2D and 3D numerical models are applied to evaluate the screening effectiveness of geofoam-filled trenches in the active and passive schemes. Experimental results are in good agreement with the prediction of numerical modelling. The validated model is used to investigate the influence of geometrical and dimensional features on the trench. In addition, three different systems including single, double and triangle wall obstacles are selected for analysis, and the results are compared for various situations. The parametric study is based on complete automation of the model through coupling finite element analysis software (Plaxis) and Python programming language to control input, change the parameters, as well as to produce output and calculate the efficiency of the barrier. The results show that the depth and the width of approximately 1λr and 0.2λr, respectively are enough to reach the acceptable amount of efficiency for the active isolation for all three systems. For the passive scheme, the role of depth can be ignored for the single and double wall barriers, while depth plays a significant role for the triangle wall system.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Application of DRP scheme solving for rotating disk-driven cavityijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Asme2009 82287 - Porous Media - Forced Convection FlowHIIO
In this study the flow field and heat transfer properties of a
steady, two-dimensional flow field in a porous domain between
two parallel plates is investigated numerically by using a
discretized numeric code. Analysis has been carried for
Reynolds number based on particle sizes ranging from 60 to
1000. Numerical results are compared with different numerical
methods used for predicting this kind of flow. Results are
obtained for different regime, various p Re numbers and the
effect of Particles size is also investigated. Solutions indicate
that by increasing the
p Re , the flow in the porous media
remains laminar where the flow has turbulence characteristics
for p Re <50. Moreover, by increasing p Re , the value of
average Nusselt number increases. Also, reducing the particle
size affects the Nusselt number and it increases while the
porosity remains the same.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The effect of magnetic field on the boundary layer flow over a stretching she...IAEME Publication
The boundary layer flow created due to a linearly stretching sheet in a nanofluid is studied numerically. The boundary value problem consisting of nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, using similarity transformation and are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fourth order method, with shooting technique. The transport equations include the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. Numerical Simulation of Forced Convection In Oil Sands Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 79 editor@iaeme.com
recent evolutions in computing technology and numerical tools have assisted in
accomplishing this goal substantially. This has also helped in the evolution of Lattice
Boltzmann method (LBM) as an effective numerical technique and has attracted a
great focus for its ability to simulate flow in porous media. The very advantage of
LBM is its simplicity in implementing complex boundary conditions. The
construction of bounce back rules (i.e. boundary conditions) that governs the behavior
of particles at the boundaries along with the relaxation parameter describes a specific
problem. Thus, LBM is a much preferred numerical method to study flows in porous
media compared to the conventional numerical techniques that involve solutions of
Navier-Stokes equation.
A number of researchers have contributed in investigating forced convection in
porous media. Seta et al. (2006) applied LBM to simulate forced convection in porous
media using Brinkman-Forchheimer equation. The paper also justified that LBM can
simulate natural convection in porous media in both Darcy and non-Darcy regions in
an elementary volume scale. Guo and Zhao (2002) presented a LBM model for
incompressible flows through porous media. Mehrizi et al. (2012) studied forced
convection heat transfer in a square cavity with inlet and outlet slots and hot obstacle
with and without porous medium. Grucelski and Pozorski (2013) applied single
relaxation time variant LBM to the two–dimensional simulations of viscous fluids for
circular cylinder and a computer-created porous medium. The research in this area is
extensive. A large amount of this research has focused on flow through porous media
for theoretical permeability values. Practically, since the permeability of real
geometries like sand, oil sands etc. are very low, i.e. in the range of 10-10
to 10-6
[9],
certain modification in the numerical methods are necessary. This will include
applying suitable boundary conditions and the relaxation parameter. The present
paper investigates forced convection in low permeable geometries like oil sands
(sandstones), sand etc. which are seen to have permeability and porosity in the range
of 10-6
to 10-10
and 0.4 to 0.6, respectively.
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND NUMERICAL METHOD
2.1. Governing Equations
The generalized model for incompressible flow in porous media is given by Peng et
al. (2003)
0. u (1)
Fuvp
u
u
t
u
e
21
.
(2)
where is the fluid density, u and p are the volume-averaged velocity and
pressure, respectively. F is the total body force given by
Guu
K
F
u
K
F
(3)
where is the shear viscosity of the fluid and G is the body force. Permeability K
and the Forcheimer's term F are related to porosity as described by (Ergun 1952,
Seta et al. 2006)
3
150
75.1
F ,
2
23
1150
pd
K (4)
3. M.Y. Gokhale and Ignatius Fernandes
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 80 editor@iaeme.com
where pd is the solid particle diameter.
2.2. Lattice Boltzmann Method
The lattice Boltzmann method can be used to model hydrodynamic or mass transport
phenomena by describing the particle distribution function ),( txfi giving the
probability that a fluid particle with velocity ie enters the lattice site x at a time
(Mohamad 2011, Chen and Doolen 1998). The subscripti represents the number of
lattice links and 0i corresponds to the particle at rest residing at the center. Present
investigation is carried out for incompressible fluid flows and a nine-velocity model
on a two-dimensional lattice (D2Q9). The distribution function ),( txfi is governed by
the lattice Boltzmann equation as (Guo and Zhao, 2002)
i
i
eq
i
iii dtF
txftxf
txfdttdtexf
),(),(
),(),(
(5)
where dt is the time, is the relaxation time and is related to the kinematic
viscosity by
2
12
dtcs (6)
sc is the sound speed expressed by 3/3/ cdtdxcs ( c is the particle speed and
dx is the lattice spacing). ),( txf eq
i is the equilibrium distribution function for D2Q9
given by
2
2
2
42
2
),(
)),(.(
2
1
)),(.(
1
1,),(
s
i
s
i
s
i
eq
i
c
txu
txue
c
txue
c
txwtxf
(7)
where ),( txu is the velocity and iw is the weight coefficient.
The force term iF is given by (Guo and Zhao, 2002)
2
2
2
(:.
2
1
1
s
sii
s
i
ii
c
IceeuF
c
Fe
wF
(8)
The fluid velocity u is given by
t
t
uccc
u
u
1
2
00
(9)
where tu is a temporal velocity given by
i
iit G
dt
feu
2
(10)
The two parameters are given by
K
vdt
c
2
1
2
1
0
, K
Fdt
c E
2
1
(11)
2.3. Energy Equation
The thermal lattice BGK model proposed by Peng et al. (2003) is used to model heat
transfer
4. Numerical Simulation of Forced Convection In Oil Sands Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 81 editor@iaeme.com
g
i
eq
i
iii
txgtxg
txgdttdtexg
),(),(
),(),(
(12)
),( txgi is the thermal distribution function, g the relaxation time and ),( txgeq
i is the
equilibrium distribution function given by (Seta et al. 2006, Zou and He 1997)
2
2
0
3
2
),(
s
eq
c
u
txg
(13a)
4,3,2,1
2
3.
2
9.
2
3
2
3
9
),( 2
2
4
2
2
i
c
u
c
ue
c
ue
txg
ss
i
s
ieq
i
(13b)
8,7,6,5
2
3.
2
9.
2
6
3
36
),( 2
2
4
2
2
i
c
u
c
ue
c
ue
txg
ss
i
s
ieq
i
(13c)
Reynolds number,
Luo
Re , where ou and L is the characteristic velocity and the
characteristic length, respectively.
2.4. Boundary Conditions
Second order bounce back rule for non-equilibrium distribution function if is used to
determine velocity on the four walls. The distribution functions are given by Zou and
He (1997)
neq
b
neq
a ff (14)
where b is the opposite direction of a .
For energy distribution function ig , second order extrapolation rule is used on the
left wall and the boundary conditions for all other walls were defined as per method
introduced by D’Orazio et al (2004). The distribution functions on right wall were
defined as
pTg 1
9
6
1
,
)(31
36
1
5 vuTg eq
,
)(31
36
1
8 vuTg eq
(15a)
where 764320 ggggggTp and
u
T
T
peq
31
16
. (15b)
The distribution functions on the top wall were defined as
)31(
9
1
4 uTg eq
,
)(31
36
1
7 vuTg eq
,
)(31
36
1
8 vuTg eq
(16a)
where 653210 ggggggTp
and
u
T
T
peq
31
6
. (16b)
The distribution functions on the bottom wall were defined as
)31(
9
1
2 uTg eq
,
)(31
36
1
5 vuTg eq
,
)(31
36
1
6 vuTg eq
(17a)
where 974310 ggggggTp
5. M.Y. Gokhale and Ignatius Fernandes
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 82 editor@iaeme.com
and
u
T
T
peq
31
6
(17b)
2.5. Problem Description and Numerical Implementation
Fluid flows through a square geometry containing porous media with the left wall
kept at a normalized temperature and all other walls adiabatic. Fluid enters the
geometry with uniform velocity ou through the left wall along horizontal direction.
Permeability and porosity varies between 10-10
to 10-6
and 0.4 to 0.5, respectively, to
match the geometrical properties of oil sands. Reynolds number Re varies from 0.1 to
10 and Prandl number Pris taken as 3.8 (of water). The relaxation parameter is has
is taken as 1.5.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 1 Plot of log (q) versus )log( p for Re=0.1 and 4.0 for (a) 6
10
K (b) 8
10
K
(c) 10
10
K .
6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7
-19.8
-19.7
-19.6
-19.5
-19.4
log(grad p)
log(q)
10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8
-24.4
-24.3
-24.2
-24.1
-24
log(grad p)
log(q)
14.9 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4
-29
-28.9
-28.8
-28.7
-28.6
log(grad p)
log(q)
6. Numerical Simulation of Forced Convection In Oil Sands Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 83 editor@iaeme.com
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The starting point for investigating fluid flow through porous media is the traditional
modeling approach, typically, Darcy law, relating the pressure gradient p to the pore
fluid flux or Darcy flux q as
p
k
gp
k
q
(18)
where q and p are defined in terms ofu and as euq and 3/p , respectively.
Darcy law ensures a linear relationship between )log(q and )log( p . Thus, simulation of
fluid flow in porous media can be validated by showing that the plot of )log(q versus
)log( p gives a straight line with gradient one.
While the paper carried out numerical investigation to study the influence of
elevated temperature and the geometrical parameters on flow properties of fluid, the
numerical strategy was verified by plotting )log(q and )log( p as shown in Fig 2. For the
sake of space and invariability in values, only the plots for Re=0.1 are presented.
Table 1 presents the gradient values of )log(q and )log( p and a fine agreement was
observed between the results and the validating criteria of gradient one. Subsequently,
simulation was carried out for governing parameters like Reynolds number, porosity,
permeability etc. on the flow properties of fluid flowing through oil sands. This was
achieved by varying Re between 0.1 to 10 keeping porosity and the permeability of
the sandstone fixed, and then varying porosity and permeability to characterize the
nature of the sandstone.
Fig 2 presents u-velocity profiles for 4.0 at the centerline of the geometry as K
varies from 10-10
to 10-6
at various Re. The u-velocity tends to become uniform along
the geometry as flow becomes steady, as shown in Fig 2. The vertical component of
flow is almost negligible at the order of 10-11
. As permeability of the sandstones is
decreased, the velocity profiles follow the same trend, but with u-velocity decreased
by same magnitude by which permeability is decreased. This implicates the strong
influence of permeability flow properties of the fluid in sandstones. The magnitude of
u-velocity is also influenced by Re, as seen in Fig 2, the velocity increases which is
due to a stronger flow influenced by heat transfer through the fluid.
Table 1 Gradient values for )log(q and )log( p
4.0 5.0
Re Re
0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10
6
10
K 0.9773 1.0011 0.9969 0.9764 1.0011 0.9994
8
10
K 0.9764 1.0011 0.9994 0.9764 1.0011 0.9994
10
10
K 0.9964 1.0011 0.9944 0.9764 1.0011 0.9994
7. M.Y. Gokhale and Ignatius Fernandes
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 84 editor@iaeme.com
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 2 u-velocity profiles at the centerline for various values of Re at 4.0 and (a)
6
10
K (b) 8
10
K (c) 10
10
K .
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.5
1
1.5
2
x 10
-5
y/L
u/U
Re=0.1
Re=1
Re=10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.5
1
1.5
2
x 10
-7
y/L
u/U
Re=0.1
Re=1
Re=10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
x 10
-9
y/L
u/U
Re=0.1
Re=1
Re=10
8. Numerical Simulation of Forced Convection In Oil Sands Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 85 editor@iaeme.com
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 3 u-velocity profiles at the centerline for various values of Re at 5.0 and (a)
6
10
K (b) 8
10
K (c) 10
10
K .
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
x 10
-5
y/L
u/U
Re=0.1
Re=1
Re-10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
x 10
-7
y/L
u/U
Re=0.1
Re=1
Re=10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
x 10
-9
y/L
u/U
Re=0.1
Re=1
Re=10
10. Numerical Simulation of Forced Convection In Oil Sands Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 87 editor@iaeme.com
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 5 Temperature profiles at various cross section for 6
10
K and 5.0 for (a)
Re=0.1 (b) Re=1 (c) Re=10.
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Temp
y/H
x=L/4
x=L/2
x=3L/4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Temp
y/H
x=L/4
x=L/2
x=3L/4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Temp
y/H
x=L/4
x=L/2
x=3L/4
11. M.Y. Gokhale and Ignatius Fernandes
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 88 editor@iaeme.com
Since the permeability and Re are small, non-linear linear resistance is neglected,
which become significant at higher values of K and Re. Fig 2-3 also demonstrates the
influence of on flow properties. As is increased from 0.4 to 0.5, the u-velocity
profiles decrease significantly, naturally, because the void space in the geometry
increases resulting in a weaker flow through it. This agrees with the rheological
behavior of the fluid when passing though a medium with bigger void portion. Since
sand and oil sands are believed to have porosity not more than 0.5 (Bejan and Nield,
2013), further values of are not considered. The temperature profiles at different
cross sections, as Re varies from 0.1 to 10, are presented for 6
10
K and 4.0 in Fig
4. As Re increases from 0.1 to 10, the strength of heat transfer increases, indicating a
significant increase in heat transfer though the fluid. Fig 5 presents the temperature
profiles at the same cross section for 6
10
K and 5.0 . No significant influence of
variation in K and is seen on the temperature profiles, and the plots follow a similar
pattern as for 6
10
K , thus, not included. This suggest that the variation in temperature
profiles is only due to the variation in Re. The temperature profiles follow the same
trend, both in magnitude and variation. These figures suggest that a better way to
enhance flow through low permeable geometries can be achieved by elevating
temperature to influence the flow strength.
4. CONCLUSION
Investigation was carried out to study the influence of elevated temperature and
geometrical parameters on fluid flow in oil sands. LBM was validated as an
appropriate numerical tool to simulate forced convection in porous media and applied
to fluid flows in low permeable geometries. The results significantly depend on
boundary conditions and the relaxation parameter, which had to be appropriately
defined to simulate flows in such geometries. The results ascertain that elevated
temperature plays an important role in influencing flow properties in low permeable
geometries, which may be of significant application in petroleum extraction and
groundwater flow etc. The geometric parameters of the porous media has very
negligible influence on the flow properties compared to external influences, and a
better way to influence the flow properties would be by influencing the strength of the
flow by elevated temperature.
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