This document defines and explains various number systems including: - Natural numbers which are 1, 2, 3, etc. - Whole numbers which are the natural numbers and 0. - Integers which are whole numbers and their opposites. - Rational numbers which are fractions with integer numerators and denominators. - Irrational numbers which cannot be written as fractions. - Real numbers which are all rational and irrational numbers on the number line. - Complex numbers which are numbers expressed as a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit.