Nuclear radiation detectors detect nuclear particles and radiation. They work by exciting or ionizing the atoms in the material they pass through. There are different types of radiation including charged particles like alpha and beta particles, uncharged neutrons, and electromagnetic gamma rays and x-rays. Detection methods are based on the radiation interacting with the detector's base material, often ionizing or exciting its atoms. Detectors are classified as gas filled, ionization chambers, Geiger-Muller counters, semiconductors, Wilson cloud chambers or bubble chambers. Their workings exploit the properties of ionization, fluorescence, or exposing photographic plates.

1. NUCLEAR RADIATION
DETECTOR
Presented By: Mukesh
,Muskan,Narayan,Mayank,Mitesh,Naveen
GOVT. ENGG. COLLEGE
AJMER

2. Introduction
The instrument which
used to detect the
nuclear particles or
radiation are called
Nuclear radiation
detectors.
These are based on
the principle of
excitation or ionization
of atoms of medium in
which the incident
charged particles pass
through.

3. Types of Radiations
1) Charged particles
 α- particles
 Protons
 Fast moving electrons
2) Uncharged particles
 neutrons
3) Electromagnetic radiations
 γ- particles
 X-rays

4. Nuclear particles
α- particles
β- particles
γ- particles
Protons
Neutrons
positrons

5. Procedure
 All methods of detection are based on the interaction of
the nuclear particles of radiations with the base material of
the detector.
 When a charge particles moves through material of a
detector it ionises or excites the atoms or molecules of the
substance of the detector.
 Charged particles and γ- rays are capable of producing ions
in the detectors directly but for neutrons which are
uncharged particles intermediate reactions have to be used
for detection.

6. Classification of Detectors
1. Gas filled detectors
2. Ionization chamber
3. Geiger-Muller counter
4. Semiconductor detector
5. Wilson cloud chamber
6. Bubble chamber

7. Characteristics
The working of various detectors is based upon one of the
following three main characteristics properties:
1) Ionisation : Particles and rays ionise the gas through which
they pass.
2) Fluorescence : Particles and rays cause fluorescence in
certain materials.
3) Particles and rays effect the photographic plate.