The document summarizes the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) of India, which aims to guarantee at least 100 days of wage employment per year to rural households. It was implemented in 2006 and expanded nationwide by 2008, making it one of the largest job guarantee programs in the world. The act aims to increase rural livelihood security and promote development through works related to infrastructure, natural resource management, and other community works. Summaries of the implementation of the act in Bihar and Punjab are also provided, along with its positive impacts on household income, food security, and health outcomes for beneficiaries.

1. NREGA 2005 Act.
Arsheen Nibber
Muskan Malhan
Muskaan Luthra
Vadisha Kalia
Mansi Aggarwal
X-D

2. What is NREGA?
National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act 2005
• It is an Indian labour law and social
security measure that aims to guarantee
the 'right to work’.
• It aims to ensure livelihood security in rural
areas by providing at least 100 days of
wage employment in a financial year to
every household whose adult members
volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

3. Starting from 200 districts on 2 February
2006, the NREGA covered all the districts of India
from 1 April 2008.
TheThe statute is hailed by the government as ""thethe
largest and most ambitious social security andlargest and most ambitious social security and
public works programme in the worldpublic works programme in the world
In its World Development Report
2014, the World Bank termed it a
"stellar example of rural
development".

4. It was later renamed as the
"Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act" (or,
MGNREGA),
• It is to be implemented mainly
by gram panchayats (GPs). The
involvement of contractors is
banned. Labour-intensive tasks like
creating infrastructure for water
harvesting, drought relief and flood
control are preferred.
• Apart from providing economic
security and creating rural assets,
NERGA can help in protecting the
environment, empowering rural
women, reducing rural-urban
migration and fostering social
equity, among others."
• The law provides many safeguards
to promote its effective
management and implementation.

5. Working Of MGNERGA
• NREGA plays an imprtant role in
economic security, self-targeting, women's
empowerment, asset creation, corruption,
and agricultural wages.
• An early overall assessment in the north
India states suggested that NREGA wasNREGA was
"making a difference to the lives of the"making a difference to the lives of the
rural poor, slowly but surely."rural poor, slowly but surely."

6. Working of NREGA in BIHAR
• State : BIHAR
• Total No. of Districts38
• Total No. of Blocks534
• Total No. of GPs 8,497
• I Job Card
• Total No. of JobCards[In Lakhs]135.65
• Total No. of Workers[In Lakhs]202.53
• (i)SC worker % as of total Workers27.23
• (ii)ST worker % as of total Workers1.79
• Total No. of Active Job Cards[In Lakhs]25.41
• Total No. of Active Workers[In Lakhs]31.61
• (i)SC worker % as of total Workers28.08
• (ii)ST worker % as of total Workers1.97
•

7. PROGRESS OF BIHAR :-
PROGRESS FY2015-
2016
FY2014-
2015
FY2013-
2014
FY2012-
2013
Approved
Labour
Budget [In
Lakhs]
937.92 848.64 1055.38 1603.7
Average days of
employment
provided per
household
27.47 34.05 41.88 45.12
(i)Average
person days per
ST households
28.1 35.43 42.75 44.08
(ii)Average
person days per
ST households
26.15 32.64 42.64 43.64

8. progress FY2016-
2015
FY2015-
2014
FY2014-
2013
FY2012-
2013
Total
Households
Worked[In
Lakhs]
4.02 10.38 20.59 20.88
Total
Individuals
Worked[In
Lakhs]
4.69 12.49 25.75 26.76
% of Men
Worked
57.53 62.49 63.63 66.62
% of Women
Worked
42.47 37.51 36.37 33.38
% of SC
Worked
25.14 27.61 29.28 28.96
% of ST
Worked
1.67 1.7 2.14 2.06

9. WORKS FY2015
-2016
FY2014-
2015
FY2013-
2014
FY2012-
2013
NUMBER OF
ONGOING
WORKS [IN
LAKHS]
4.75 4.88 4.33 2.26
NUMBER OF
COMPLETED
WORKS
29,864 1,05,794
1,06,639 94,928

10. Working of NREGA in Punjab
• State : ਪੰਜਾਬ
• Total No. of Districts22
• Total No. of Blocks146
• Total No. of GPs13,081
• I Job Card
• Total No. of JobCards[In Lakhs]11.33
• Total No. of Workers[In Lakhs]18.86
• (i)SC worker % as of total Workers76.05
• (ii)ST worker % as of total Workers0.03
• Total No. of Active Job Cards[In Lakhs]5.36
• Total No. of Active Workers[In Lakhs]6.4
• (i)SC worker % as of total Workers77.78
• (ii)ST worker % as of total Workers

11. PROGRESS OF PUNJAB :-
PROGRESS FY2015-
2016
FY2014-
2015
FY2013-
2014
FY2012-
2013
Approved
Labour
Budget [In
Lakhs]
134.66 90.24 84.9 70.89
Average days of
employment
provided per
household
16.49 22.38 32.68 27.26
(i)Average
person days per
ST households
16.57 21.72 32.46 26.65
(ii)Average
person days per
ST households
18.25 19.16 37.33 28.25

12. progress FY2016-
2015
FY2015-
2014
FY2014-
2013
FY2012-
2013
Total
Households
Worked[In
Lakhs]
2 2.89 4.12 2.4
Total
Individuals
Worked[In
Lakhs]
2.31 3.38 4.94 2.88
% of Men
Worked
37.86 42.04 63.63 52.08
% of Women
Worked
62.14 57.96 51.56 47.92
% of SC
Worked
81.67 79.84 78.2 81.96
% of ST
Worked
0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03

13. WORKS FY2015
-2016
FY2014-
2015
FY2013-
2014
FY2012-
2013
ONGOING
WORKS[IN
LAKHS]
0.18 0.17 0.16 0.01
COMPLETED
WORKS[IN
LAKHS]
3,227 6,015 8,429 8,667

14. Effects of NREGA:-
• MGNREGA has provided around
Rs 1,10,700 crore (66 per cent of
the total expenditure of around
Rs 1,66,000 crore) as worker
wages from FY 2006 up to FY
2011–12*.
• Studies note a positive impact of
this transfer on household
income, monthly per capita
expenditure, food security and
health of the beneficiaries.
• Overall, while there are several
indications of the significant
impact of the Scheme, it has
even greater potential in terms of
poverty alleviation at scale, that
can be realise

15. Impact on Food Security, Savings
and Health Outcomes:-
• Studies on poverty suggest that deprivation
across a wide range of nutrients (calories, micro-
nutrients, etc.), can lead to a poverty trap where
low nutrition leads to low productivity which in
turn leads to low wages and then to low nutrition,
thus completing a vicious cycle.
• Depending on how net transfers from
MGNREGA are spent, their nutritional
implications may be significant.21 MGNREGA
has contributed to ensuring a higher intake of
food and food availability.

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