The document discusses the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in India. Some key points: 1) NREGA guarantees 100 days of employment per year to every rural household. It aims to enhance livelihood security and promote sustainable development through projects that create rural assets and restore the environment. 2) Implementation is led by state and local governments. NREGA covers all of India and has provided over 144 crore person-days of employment benefiting 34 million households since its inception. 3) Performance varies by state, with Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh among the top performers. Bihar, Gujarat, and others lag behind in

1. NREGA
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
Group 10
Ravi Shanker 280/45
Srikanth Kolli 208/45
Rahul Meena 276/45
Krishnenthu Raja 222/45

3. Wage Employment Programs
Historical Perspective
• Maharashtra Model
• Bureaucracy
• Shortage of funds
• Lack of right planning
• Lack of local focus

4. The National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (NREGA)
“Act of the people, by the people, and for the people”

5. NREGA - Overview
Salient Features
Employment to all those who are willing to work (100 days)
Free registration with a job guarantee within 15 days of application
At least 1/3rd of the employees must be women
Fixed minimum wage rate and no upper limit
Weekly disbursement of wages and delays not beyond a fortnight
Unlimited supply of funds for this project

6. Objective of NREGA
Unemployment
• Enhancement of
livelihood security of
households
• Arrest rural migration
Sustained Development
• Create rural assets
• Create livelihood
resource base
• Restore environment

7. Expectations from
Expectations from
NREGA
NREGA
Primary
Supplement employment opportunities
Auxiliary
 Regenerate natural resource base
of rural livelihood for sustainable
development
Process Outcomes
Strengthen grass root processes of
democracy
 Infuse transparency and accountability
in governance

8. NREGA COVERAGE (1st Nationwide employment scheme )

9. State and Local Govt.
Roles and Responsibilities

10. State and Local Government
State Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (REGS)
• 25 per cent of the cost of material and wages for semiskilled/ skilled workers
• Unemployment allowance if the state is unable to
provide employment within 15 days
• Administrative expenses of the State Employment
Guarantee Council

11. Other Institutions

12. Funds

13. Funds
NREGA ‘09 Budget Allocation -39,000 Cr.
Central Govt. provides only 75% of the material costs,
promoting labour intensive works in NREGA

14. Components of Expenditure
• Material Cost
• Tamilnadu and Mizoram have achieved almost Zero
expense on material
• Orissa has high Material expenses owing to “royalties”
• Expenditure on Wages
• Administrative expenses
• Nagaland and Gujarat have high administrative
expenses

15. A Snapshot for 07-08

16. Progress Report

17. Implementation & Effectiveness of NREGA
144 Crore person-days of employment
34 Mn Households benefited
• Improved – ‘employment per rural household’, share
of women in workforce, expenditure per district, share
of wages in total expenditure
•Decreased % of ST’s benefiting from NREGA
•Increase in daily wages by whopping 15%
•Improved utilization of funds from 73% to 80%

18. State wise performance

20. State wise performance
Leaders
• Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
• Account for more than
half of the total
employment
• Haryana and Uttarakhand
• Improved Women
workforce
Laggards
• Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana,
Maharashtra, Punjab and
West Bengal
• Perform worse than
previous years
• Punjab, Bihar and HP
• Less than 33% women
workforce

21. Participation of Women
WOMEN
43%
•Tamil Nadu (82%)
•Rajasthan (69%)
•Kerala (67%)
•Andhra Pradesh (56%)
•Karnataka (52%)
•Gujarat (49%)
•UP (15%)
•J&K(1%)
At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries shall be women who have registered and requested for work under the Scheme (NREGA ACT,
Schedule II, Section 6) Year-2007-08

22. Regenerating Natural Resource Base of Rural Livelihood

23. Community Building
Building Rural India

25. Field Visit To Block Office
Facts
• Observations
• 3000 beneficiaries in
2009 out of 30,000
bpl households
• 10% women < state
average of 17%
• All projects are on
rural connectivity
• Rs 80 a day as base
• Central role of Gram
Panchayat
• Unlimited funds, yet
Delays in wage
checks and Job cards
• No record of
measuring asset
creation

26. Case : NREGA in Kerala

27. NREGA in Kerala
• Highest literacy rate (90.86)
• Very high rate of unemployment
• Tendency to link literacy to employment (myth)
• First implemented on 5th Feb 2006
• Only in 4 districts (Palakkad, Waynad, Idukki and Kasargod)
• These districts had very low unemployment rate

28. Major features
• Popularity of Trade Unions
• Village Panchayats played the pivotal role with the
help of technical staffs
• Effectiveness of ‘Kudumbasree’
– Organized into Neighborhood group (NHG)  Area
Development Society (ADS)  Community Development
Society (CDS)
– ADS played a pivotal part in NREGA

29. Major features
• Focus on eco-restoration works
• Wages are paid directly to individual bank accounts

30. Problems
• Lag in the implementation (only 4/14 districts)

31. Problems
• Minimal participation from SC’s and ST’s
• One of the lowest

32. Achievements
• Major progresses after 2007
• Total corruption free implementation
– Panchayats took the responsibility seriously
– Implemented the programme very fast
• Effectiveness of Kudumbasree system
– Community of poor people
– Created a feeling of unity among them
– Doing work for their localities created an urgency

33. Achievements
• Participation of women
– Helped to empower women
– Participated in important decisions of her family
and society
– Equal wage for men and women

34. Achievements
Participation of women in NREGA

35. Achievements
• Public works done by local peoples
– Reduced corruption
– Increased urgency
• Importance given to natural resource
management and environment protection
• Setup of Labour Banks
– Develop skills of the workers
– Panchayats to teach Panchayats

36. Way Ahead

37. Way Ahead
• NREGA is here to stay
 Monitor the programme effectively
 Village level resource planning and development
 Other development programs like Bharat Nirman should sync
with NREGA
 From quantitative employment generation to sustainable
development through asset building
• Representatives
 Proper election and training
 More power to Panchayat Raj

38. Thank You