N.p. in pumpkin
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Pumpkin contains many beneficial natural compounds. It is rich in antioxidants like beta-carotene, ferulic acid, and riboflavin. Beta-carotene supports eye health and prevents cancer. Ferulic acid and riboflavin boost the effects of other antioxidants. Pumpkin also contains cucurbitin, kaempferol, and luteolin which have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Compounds like cis-3-hexene-1-ol, 2-hexenal, and N-hexanol give pumpkin its distinctive aroma.
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Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small amounts for normal metabolism and good health. They are produced naturally by plants and microorganisms or synthetically. The document discusses the production of several vitamins (B2, B6, B12, C) through microbial fermentation. Optimal conditions like pH, temperature and carbon/nitrogen sources influence microbial vitamin production. Strain improvement through mutagenesis, genetic engineering and culture optimization has increased industrial vitamin yields.
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Download PDF Version at
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See Youtube Channel
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scp-presentations-210514064537.pptx
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This document summarizes a seminar presentation on nutraceuticals as therapeutic agents. It defines nutraceuticals as food substances that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The document then classifies common nutraceuticals such as antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers. Examples of specific nutraceuticals discussed include spirulina, royal jelly, soy, and garlic. The document concludes that prevention and treatment with nutraceuticals can help maintain health and act against diseases.
SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
Single cell protein, single cell oil, and Quorn are produced from microorganisms. SCP is dried cells from algae, fungi, yeast or bacteria used as a protein supplement. Quorn is a mycoprotein produced from the fungus Fusarium venenatum as a meat substitute. Production involves growing the organism in fermenters, harvesting, processing, and drying the cells. SCP and Quorn provide protein, vitamins, minerals and are useful for addressing malnutrition. Single cell oil is extracted from microorganisms and can be used for food or cosmetics. These single cell products provide nutritional and therapeutic benefits.
Single Cell protein
Spirulina-Single cell protein (SCP) refers to dead and dry cells of microorganisms like yeast, bacteria, fungi, and algae.
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Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
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Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
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Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
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II. Syntrophism:
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In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
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ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
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N.p. in pumpkin
- 1. NATURAL PRODUCTS IN PUMPKIN SUBMITTED TO: DR. TOUHEEDA SUBMITTED BY: IMRANA SHAHEEN ROLL NO. : 86 B.S. : CHEMISTRY(ORGANIC) 8TH SEMESTER
- 2. INTRODUCTION: • pumpkin is a cultivar of winter squash that is round and most deep yellow to orange in coloration. • The name is most commonly used for cultivars of Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima. • Pumpkins are one of the oldest domesticated plants, used as early as 7,500 to 5,000 BC. • The word pumpkin originates from the word pepon which is Greek for "large melon", • fruit of certain species in the genus Cucurbita.
- 3. BENEFITS OF PUMPKIN • Pumpkins used for the treatment of intestinal worms and. urinary ailments. • Pumpkin proteins inhibited the growth of fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. • C. maxima pulp is used in treatment of Diabetes. It shows hypoglycemia effect. • It is low in calories but rich in vitamins and minerals. • Pumpkins contain a wealth of antioxidants. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta carotene support eye health and prevent degenerative damage in older adults.
- 4. NATURAL PRODUCTS PRESENT IN PUMPKIN Following are some natural products present in pumpkins. 1. Carotenoids, 2. Tocopherols, 3. Phenols 4. Terpenoids 5. Sterols 6. Fatty acids 7. Functional carbohydrates 8. Vanillic acid 9. Caffeic acid 10. Ferulic acid 11. Tyrosol 12. Vanillin 13. Luteolin 14. Kaempferol 15. Riboflavin 16. Lutien
- 5. BETA CAROTENOIDS • Pumkinis one of the best-known sources of beta carotene. • Beta caroten gives orange and vibrant colours to fruits. • Molecular formula: C40H56. • Molecular weight : 536.888 g·mol−1
- 6. BENEFITS OF BETA CAROTENE Beta carotene have following benefits. 1. Reducing the risk of developing certain types of cancer. 2. Offering protection against asthma and heart disease. 3. Decreasing the risk of age-related macular degeneration. 4. Beta carotene is a powerful antioxidant.
- 7. FERULIC ACID • Ferulic acid is a plant-based antioxidant. • Molecular formula: C10H10O4 • Molar mass: 194.18 g/mol • It boost the effectiveness of other antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E. • fight off free radicals, which play a role in age-related skin issues, including age spots and wrinkles
- 8. RIBOFLAVIN • Also known as Vitamins B2. • Molecular formula: C17H20N4O6 • Molar mass: 376.36 g/mol. • Dietary supplements required for cellular respiration • Prevent migraines in adults,
- 9. CUCURBITIN • Cucurbitin is present in pumpkin seeds. • It is amino acid And carboxy pyrollidine. • Chemical formula: C5H10N2O2 • Molar mass: 130.147 g·mol−1 • Cucurbitin causes degenerative changes in the reproductive organs of parasitic flatworms.
- 10. KAEMPFEROL • Polyphenol class: Flavonoids. • Polyphenol sub-class: Flavonols. • Family: . Flavonols. • Molecular weight: . 286.2363 • Chemical Formula: . C15H10O6 • Antibacterial agent. • Plant metabolite. • Human urinary metabolite • Human blood serum metabolite.
- 11. LUTEOLIN • Luteolin presents in pumpkins. • Polyphenol class: Flavonoids. • Polyphenol sub-class: Flavones. • Family: Flavones • Molecular weight: 286.2363 • Chemical Formula: C15H10O6 • It induce accumulation of O2 and reduces the H2O2 concentration in lung cancer cells.
- 12. AROMA CAUSING COMPOUNDS • Pumpkin emit specific aroma when cut • Several compounds are reason for that specific aroma • The include 1. cis-3-hexene-1-ol 2. 2-hexenal 3. N-hexanol
- 13. REFERENCES • Manish Kumar (Researcher), Ram Singh Bishnoi (Researcher), Ajay Kumar Shukla (Researcher), Chandra Prakash Jain (Professor), Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2019 Sep; 24(3): 225–234, Accepted 2019 Mar 20. • Bahare Salehi, Esra Capanoglu and Raffaele Capasso, CuCucurbits Plants: A Key Emphasis to Its Pharmacological Potential, PMID: 31091784, Published online 2019 May 14.