This document discusses the rules for forming plurals of nouns in English. Most nouns form their plural by adding -s, but there are many irregular forms and exceptions. Additional rules apply for nouns ending in consonant+y, f or fe, s, sh, ch, x, or a consonant followed by o. Context and exceptions are important to consider for plural forms.

1. NOUNS AND THEIRNOUNS AND THEIR
PLURAL FORMSPLURAL FORMS
Most nouns simply add S in theMost nouns simply add S in the
plural as: DOGS STAMPSplural as: DOGS STAMPS
COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS

2. There are irregular nouns as:
child-children woman-women man
– men foot – feet person –
people goose – geese mouse –
mice deer - deer
Child - children

3. Many nouns that end in F or FE in the plural
change F to V and then add ES as: HALF –
WOLF – KNIFE – LIFE – HOOF…Exceptions:
DWARF = DWARFS ROOF =ROOFS
wolf

4. More rules to remember
• Nouns that end in –S –SS –CH –X add ES in the
plural as: BUSES – CLASSES – CRASHES –
MATCHES – BOXES
• Nouns that end in a consonant + Y change to IES in
the plural as: CITY – CITIES BABY – BABIES
BODY – BODIES
• But if the noun ends in a vowel + Y the Y doesn´t
change as: MONKEYS DAYS

5. LADY – LADIES
BUTTERFLY -
BUTTERFLIES
lady
butterfly
monkey

6. CLASS - CLASSES

7. Continue with the rules
• Words that end in O create special problems as:
POTATOES – HEROES, however MEMO –
MEMOS and for words where another vowel
comes before the O, we add just S as: STEREOS
• Nouns that end with US usually maintain their
latin or greek form in the plural changing the US
to I as: CACTUS – CACTI NUCLEUS –
NUCLEI FOCUS – FOCI SYLLABUS –
SYLLABI FUNGUS – FUNGI

8. Continue working on
grammar
• Nouns that end with IS change IS to ES as:
ANALYSIS – ANALYSES CRISIS – CRISES
THESIS – THESES
• Nouns that end with ON change ON to A as:
PHENOMENON – PHENOMENA
CRITERION – CRITERIA

9. MORE TO REMEMBER
• A handful of nouns appear to be plural in form but
take a singular verb as: The news is bad –
Gymnastics is fun to watch – Economics-
mathematics-statistics is said to be difficult
• Numeral expressions are usually singular, but can
be plural if the individuals within a numerical
group are acting individually as: Fifty thousand
dollars is a lot of money

10. • When a noun names the title of
something or is a word being used as
a word, it is singular whether the
word takes a singular form or not as:
Faces is the name of the new
restaurant - Postcards is my
favorite novel

11. Write their names and
plurals