This document discusses plural nouns in English. It defines singular and plural, and notes that some nouns form their plural by changing the final letter (e.g. man to men) while others just add -s (e.g. key to keys). There are also exceptions like sheep/deer that don't change form. Special cases covered include nouns ending in consonant+y, vowel+o, -sh/-ch/-x/-z. Irregular plurals like wolf/wolves and an exercise are provided to help learn forming plurals.

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3. Definition for Singular
Singular means just one
e.g. one Monkey.
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4. Definition for Plural
Plural means more than one
E.g. lots of Monkeys.
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5. Some special cases 1
Some noun become a new word:
 Man – Men
 Tooth - Teeth
 Goose - Geese
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6. Some special cases 2
 IF the noun ends in vowel +y , the
plural is made by adding –s
Keys
 Days
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7. Some special cases 3
 IF the noun ends in a consonant +y , the plural is
made by adding –ies
One baby
Lots of babies
One fairy
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Lots of fairies
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8. Some special cases 4
Some nouns do not change at all when made plural:
• Sheep – Sheep
• Deer – Deer
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9. Some special cases 5
Some nouns that end in consonant +o change to es
when made plural.
1.
2.
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tomato
tomatoes
potato
potatoes
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10. Some special cases 6
Nouns ending in vowel +o have plurals in –s
radio – radios
kangaroo - kangaroos
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11. Some special cases 7
If the singular ends in –sh, -ch, -x, -z, - es is
added.
 boxes
 churches
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12. Some special cases 8
Plural same as singular
 series – series
 crossroads - crossroads
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13. Some special cases 9
In noun + adverb combinations, the plural –s
is usually added to the noun.
 passer-by - passers-by
 runner-up - runners-up
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14. Some special cases 10
Some plurals have no singular forms.
 glasses
 jeans
 oats
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15. Irregular and special plurals
Plurals in –ves
 Wolf
Thief
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Wolves
Thieves
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16. Exercise
Can you make these nouns plural?
 Boy
 Ice Cream
 Fry
 Toy
 Cap
 Chocolate
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17. Exercise
Here are the answers:
 Boys
 Ice Creams
 Fries
 Toys
 Caps
 Chocolates
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18. Exercise
Lets us try some more:
 Memo
 Shelf
 Leaf
 Brush
 Piano
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19. Exercise
Here are the answers:
 Memos
 Shelves
 Leaves
 Brushes
 Pianos
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