The document discusses the parts of speech in English. It defines eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, interjection, and conjunction. For each part of speech, it provides definitions and examples. It discusses different types of nouns, pronouns, verbs and verb tenses. The document aims to explain the basic building blocks of language and how they are used in sentences.

1. Speaking In English
A Discussion on the Parts of
Speech

2. SPEECH
The vocalized form of human
communication, formed by the collective
sounds that are mutually unintelligible.

3. In order for speech to be understood, it
has to have parts.

4. The 8 Parts of Speech
• Noun
• Pronoun
• Verb
• Adjective
• Adverb
• Preposition
• Interjection
• Conjunction

5. NOUN
A person, place, thing or event that is
usually used as the subject in a
sentence.
In other words, the noun is the focus of
the sentence.

6. General examples of Nouns
• Peter Piper • John Wayne
• The Grand Rapids • England
• World War II • Christmas
• teacher • season
• animal • leaf
• year • pit
• portrait • Earth

7. Noun Classifications

8. Proper Nouns vs. Common
Nouns
Proper Nouns represent unique or
specific entities.
Common Nouns represent a common or
general class of entities.

9. Examples of Proper and Common
Nouns
Common Noun Proper Noun
singer Michael Jackson
dog Dalmatian
tree Redwood
season Fall
city New York City
country France

10. Count Nouns vs. Mass Nouns
Count Nouns can take a plural, can be
formed with a numeral, quantifier and an
indefinite article.
Mass Nouns can be counted, yet is
generally taken as a whole and cannot be
formed with numerical words.

11. Examples of Count and Mass Nouns
Count Nouns Mass Nouns
Pencil (five pencils, a pencil) Furniture
Sword (three swords, every sword) Grass
Ant (an ant, most ants) Gravel
Day (two days, several days) Oxygen
Weekend (few weekends) Food
Course (eight courses, a course) Air

12. Concrete Nouns vs. Abstract
Nouns
Concrete Nouns refer to physical entities
that can be observed by at least any of
the five senses.
Abstract Nouns refer to ideas or
concepts that are not observable by any
of the five senses.

13. Examples of Concrete and Abstract
Nouns
Concrete Nouns Abstract Nouns
Ball Justice
Chair Sin
Friend Love
Sound Happiness
Cloud Solidarity
Pet Intimacy

14. Collective Nouns
Collective Nouns refer to groups of
entities or individuals that are treated as
a single collective.
In other words, collective nouns treat
plural entities or individuals as singular.

15. Examples of Collective Nouns
• a Flock of Geese
• a Herd of Cows
• an Army of Ants
• a Regiment of Navy SEALS
• a Troupe of Musicians
• an Audience of Watchers
• a Pack of Cigarettes

16. PRONOUN
A word or form that substitutes for a
noun.
In other words, the pronoun takes the
place of a noun in a sentence.

17. General examples of Pronouns
• He • We
• She • There
• It • Mine
• They • Themselves
• Them • Myself
• You • This
• I • That

18. Types of Pronouns

19. Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns denote a specific
entity in a sentence. This type of pronoun
speaks in three different persons:
The First Person (I, me, we)
The Second Person (You)
The Third Person (He, She, It, They)

20. List of Personal Pronouns
• I • It
• Me • Him
• We • Her
• Us • They
• You • Them
• He
• She

21. Examples of the usage of Personal
Pronouns
• Ryan went to Canada last week. He is
staying there for a month.
• Dianne and I are going to visit her
mom.
• She was thrilled at the notion of having
her clothes washed without paying
anything.
• The award was given to them for the
outstanding performance.

22. Subjective Pronouns vs.
Objective Pronouns
Subjective Pronouns are pronouns used
as the subject of the sentence.
(I, You, He, She, It, We, They)
Objective Pronouns are pronouns used
as the object of the sentence.
(Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them)

23. Examples of using Subjective and
Objective Pronouns
• He bought a cake for her.
• We filed a suit against them for uttering
libellous words.
• The committee was astounded with
Rose’s performance. They gave her a
perfect score.
• They delivered the evidence to the
court to incriminate you.

24. Possessive Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns indicate
possession or ownership. These types of
pronouns are the only ones that can act
syntactically as nouns.

25. List of Possessive Pronouns
• My (Subjective) • Her (Subjective)
• Mine (Objective) • Hers (Objective)
• Our (Subjective) • Its
• Ours (Objective) • Their (Subjective)
• Your (Subjective) • Theirs (Objective)
• Yours (Objective) • Whose
• His • One’s

26. Examples of the usage of
Possessive Pronouns
• My property was finally sold last week.
• That pink dress is hers.
• We tried to advance, but their defence
was impenetrable.
• A prize will be given to the person
whose ticket is drawn.
• This lot isn’t yours; it is ours.
• Your dog tried to bite me.

27. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns distinguish a
particular individual or group from all
others of the same class or category.
In other words, Demonstrative Pronouns
indicate that out of a list of possible
candidates, a selection is made.

28. List of Demonstrative Pronouns
• This
• That
• Those
• These
• Here
• There

29. Examples of the usage of
Demonstrative Pronouns
• This week has been the best so far.
• Out of all the contestants, I liked that
group the most.
• These dishes are among the best that I
have ever tasted.
• Here are the papers that you have
requested.
• I finally found it among these stacks.

30. Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns refer to a general
category of nouns.

31. Specific vs. Non-Specific
Indefinite Pronouns
Specific Indefinite Pronouns point to a
particular individual or group.
(All, Each, Few, Some, Neither, Both,
Either, Many, One, Several)

32. Specific vs. Non-Specific
Indefinite Pronouns
Non-Specific Indefinite Pronouns do not
specify any particular individual or
group.
(Anybody, Anything, Everyone, Nobody,
No One, Something, Somebody, Anyone,
Everybody, None, Nothing)

33. Examples of using Indefinite
Pronouns (Specific)
• All of you have been selected for the
event.
• Some of these things might actually
prove useful in the future.
• Neither of them passed in the
examination.
• Several cars were piled up along the
highway.

34. Examples of using Indefinite
Pronouns (Non-Specific)
• Anybody may have gotten in and stolen
the necklace.
• Someone is looking for you.
• Everyone screamed frantically after
their favourite Rock star entered the
stage.
• There is nothing that can bother me
today.

35. Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns refer back to any noun
that was previously mentioned in the
sentence.
In other words, Relative Pronouns reduce
the noun redundancy in a sentence.

36. Examples of using Relative
Pronouns
• The contestant who reaches the goal
first will be declared the winner.
• I was alarmed after the shark that bit
someone from the southern shore was
reported to have been sighted near the
beach.
• Rica, who always stops by to say hello,
has gone on vacation.

37. Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns refer to nouns by
form of a question.
In other words, Interrogative Pronouns
ask which noun is meant in a sentence.

38. List of Interrogative Pronouns
• Who (Used as a subject)
• Whom (Used as an object)
• Whose
• What
• Which
• + “ever”

39. Examples of using Interrogative
Pronouns
• Who can lay a charge on this man? Is
there sufficient evidence?
• What in the blazes is going on here?
• Whose laptop is that sitting on the
dining table?
• To whom did you send the letter?
• Which of these apples is ripe?

40. VERB
A word that signifies action, occurrence
or state of being.

41. General examples of Verbs
• Run • Exhume
• Walk • File
• Jump • Try
• Think • Repeat
• Spy • Leap
• Fall • Light
• Win • Smell

42. Types of Verbs

43. Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive Verbs are not directly
followed by a noun, adjective or noun
phrase.
In other words, Intransitive Verbs do not
need a direct object to receive an action.

44. Examples of using Intransitive Verbs
• Jane went to the store to buy some
supplies.
• You lied when you told me that you
were going to the play.
• She wept when she found out that her
husband died in the plane crash.
• Whenever the ice cream truck passes
by, my son sits in front of the house.

45. Linking Verbs
Linking Verbs cannot be followed by
adverbs; rather, they are always
proceeded by nouns or adjectives. Most
common used Linking verbs are seem,
become, appear, look and remain.

46. Examples of using Linking Verbs
• John appeared exhausted from the
fight.
• You look weary; can we do anything to
cheer you up?
• In order to make a change, you must
become more than a man.
• The food tastes good. What did you put
in it?

47. Transitive Verbs
Transitive Verbs are followed by nouns or
noun phrases.
In other words, Transitive Verbs need a
direct object to receive the action.

48. Examples of using Transitive Verbs
• I want that piece of cake sitting on top
of the table.
• Ryan fought Carlos for her affection.
• This is amazing! You painted a
masterpiece.
• John wrote Shirley a love letter.
• Mae wasn’t able to attend the meeting
because she cleaned the house.

49. “Be” Verbs
“Be” Verbs precede nouns or adjectives
in a sentence, turning them into predicate
nouns/adjectives that function similar to
those connected by linking verbs.

50. The Eight Forms of Using “Be” Verbs

51. “Be” (preceded by a modal)
• I will be taking the plane to Los
Angeles.
• Peter jumped in to rescue the little girl
trapped in the water.
• We will be there once we confirm that
everything is alright.
• Jane rode the afternoon flight to be in
San Antonio before the evening.

52. Is (Present Tense, Singular, Third
Person)
• John is not going to the meeting; he
ran into an old friend.
• The committee is taking drastic
measures to salvage the company’s
reputation.
• She is going on vacation in Hawaii.
• Mathematics is one of the subjects that
I so love.

53. Am (Present Tense, Singular, First
Person)
• I am not visiting today; I have
something important that I should take
care of first.
• John said, “I am going to the store later
to buy some groceries.”
• I am giving this for the benefit of the
children in Africa.
• I am already here.

54. Are (Present Tense, Plural, All
Persons, Singular Second Person)
• We are looking forward to hearing from
you.
• They are planning a strategy for the
next assault.
• You are not supposed to be here.
• We are taking this moment to remind
everyone of the upcoming events that
have already been scheduled.

55. Was (Past Tense, Singular, First and
Third Persons)
• I was in the military before; I learned
survival techniques there.
• She was looking for you earlier, but she
might have gone somewhere else.
• He was a good man and everybody in
the community liked him.
• It was an awkward moment when they
kissed each other.

56. Were (Past Tense, Plural, All
Persons, Singular Second Person)
• We were trying to reach you but for
some reason your lines were out.
• They were trying to enter through the
west gate, but we dispatched forces
there and defeated them.
• You were like this before but now you
have changed.
• They were amazed at his performance.

57. Been (preceded by has/have/had)
• It has been years since we last saw
each other.
• Try asking the ward on the east wing;
they may have been looking for him
there.
• I have not been in China.
• You must have been dreaming when
you said you saw Clara.

58. Being (Gerund or Continuous form)
• Being on time is one of the qualities
that I am looking for in my employees.
• You are being careless; you should
take caution more often.
• Being well-built and strong is essential
if you are to win this competition.
• She is being aggressive in taking that
position.

59. Verb Tenses

60. The Simple Tense
Simple Tense indicates an action in its
purest form.
Simple Tense verbs have no other form
than its original.

61. Simple Tense
Verb Past Form Present Form Future Form
Walk Walked Walk Will Walk
Run Ran Run Will Run
Fly Flew Fly Will Fly
Do Did Do Will Do

62. The Perfect Tense
Perfect Tense indicates an action that is
completed.
A perfect tense verb is formed by
preceding the past participle form of the
verb with “have”.

63. Perfect Tense
Verb Past Form Present Form Future Form
Walk Have Walked Have Walked Will Have Walked
Run Have Run Run Will Have Run
Fly Have Flown Have Flown Will Have Flown
Do Have Done Have Done Will Have Done

64. The Progressive Tense
Progressive Tense indicates an action
that is continually occurring.
A perfect tense verb is formed by the
“be” verb being followed by the base
form of the verb + “ing” (gerund).

65. Progressive Tense
Verb Past Form Present Form Future Form
Walk Was Walking Is/Am/Are Walking Will Be Walking
Is/Am/Are
Run Was Running Will Be Running
Running
Fly Was Flying Is/Am/Are Flying Will Be Flying
Do Was Doing Is/Am/Are Doing Will Be Doing

66. The Perfect Progressive Tense
Perfect Progressive Tense indicates an
action that is occurring in a particular
length of time.
A perfect progressive tense verb is
formed through:
“have” + “be” + base verb form + “ing”

67. Perfect Progressive Tense
Verb Past Form Present Form Future Form
Had Been Have Been Will Have Been
Walk
Walking Walking Walking
Had Been Have Been Will Have Been
Run
Running Running Running
Will Have Been
Fly Had Been Flying Have Been Flying
Flying
Will Have Been
Do Had Been Doing Have Been Doing
Doing

68. Active vs. Passive Voice
The Active Voice indicates that the
subject is performing the action.
The Passive Voice indicates that the
action is being done to the subject.

69. Examples of using the Active and
Passive Voices
Active Voice Passive Voice
I saw the car. The car was seen by me.
The flight to New York was taken by
We took the flight to New York.
us.
They believed in the case. The case was believed by them.
You did not close the door. The door was not closed by you.

70. ADJECTIVE
A word that describes or qualifies a noun
or a pronoun.

71. General examples of Adjectives
• Beautiful • Magnificent
• Kind • Alluring
• Gentle • Deceptive
• Quick • Spatial
• Quiet • Gigantic
• Wonderful • Peculiar
• Amazing • Perceptive

72. Examples of using Adjectives
• She was so appreciative of the
beautiful dress that I gave her.
• I plan on visiting the Grand Canyon,
one of the most magnificent places on
earth.
• Dianne, who was gorgeous, was
flocked by a bunch of boys at the prom.
• This amazing sight is one to see.

73. ADVERB
A word that qualifies or changes the
meaning of a verb, adjective or another
adverb.
In other words, adverbs typically answer
questions such as how, what way, when,
where and to what extent.

74. General examples of Adverbs
• Respectfully • Almost
• Bountifully • Likely
• Here • Intuitively
• Tomorrow • Completely
• Outside • Usually
• Inside • Now
• Eternally • Later

75. Kinds of Adverbs

76. Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of Manner modify how an action
is performed.
In other words, Adverbs of Manner
answer the question “How?”

77. Examples of Adverbs of Manner
• Rapidly • Sadly
• Beautifully • Respectfully
• Artfully • Patiently
• Quickly • Well
• Professionally • Quietly
• Loudly • Rightfully
• Happily • Gently

78. Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of Time modify the time, length
and frequency of an action.
In other words, Adverbs of Manner
answer the questions “When?” and “How
Often?”

79. Examples of Adverbs of Time
• Now • Tomorrow
• Later • Hourly
• Often • Never
• Annually • Frequently
• Daily • Since
• Yesterday • Occasionally
• Today • Usually

80. Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of Place modify location where
an action occurs.
In other words, Adverbs of Manner
answer the question “Where?”

81. Examples of Adverbs of Place
• Here • Inside
• There • Outside
• Everywhere • Nearby
• Away • In
• Up • Out
• Down • Front
• Around • Back

82. Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of Place modify the extent of the
occurrence.
In other words, Adverbs of Manner
answer the questions “How Much?” and
“To What Degree?”

83. Examples of Adverbs of Degree
• Almost • Hardly
• Nearly • Completely
• Quite • Scarcely
• Entirely • Very
• Too • Extremely
• Just • Particularly
• Enough • Especially

84. PREPOSITION
A word that denotes the relationship
between two individuals or entities in a
sentence.
In other words, prepositions are placed
before a word to show its relationship to
another word.

85. General examples of Prepositions
• Onto • Through
• On Top Of • Over
• Before • Under
• On • Toward
• In • Beyond
• At • Between
• Since • Beneath

86. Types of Prepositions

87. Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of Time show relationships
between a word and a period of time.

88. List of Prepositions of Time
• In (Long Periods) • To
• At (Time) • For
• On (Dates/Days)
• During
• Until
• Since
• From

89. Examples of Using Prepositions of
Time
• I was born in 1985.
• We have lived in this neighborhood
since the 1980’s.
• He slept during the film showing.
• I’ll meet you at 6 PM.
• On March 16, 1521, Magellan
discovered the Philippines.

90. Prepositions of Place
Prepositions of Place show relationships
between a word and a location.

91. List of Prepositions of Place
• In (Closed Space) • Among
• At (Specific Point) • Under
• On (Surface) • Over
• After • Beside
• Behind • Beneath
• In Front Of • Above
• Between • Below

92. Examples of Using Prepositions of
Place
• This person lives in California.
• His address is at 24th Street, Richton
Hills.
• She was playing on the trampoline.
• I found the key under the doormat.
• We were stuck behind enemy lines.
• They were almost crushed between the
two trucks.

93. Prepositions of Movement
Prepositions of Movement show
relationships between a word and a
movement to a specific direction.

94. List of Prepositions of Movement
• To • Down
• Through • Over
• Across • Off
• Along • Towards
• Around • Up
• Away From • Past
• Into • Round

95. Examples of Using Prepositions of
Movement
• He went to the supermarket to get
some food.
• It was a tough journey through the
woods.
• We literally sailed across the seven
seas.
• I though the Tower of Pisa was leaning
towards the East.

96. INTERJECTION
A word that denotes or expresses
emotion or sentiment in a sentence.

97. General examples of Interjections
• Hello • Uh-huh
• Oh • Well
• Ah • Alas
• Err • Dear
• Hi • Hey
• Hmm • Woah
• Uh • Ouch

98. Examples of using Interjections
• Hello! How are you?
• I was, uh, walking along the street
when I, uh, saw her.
• Hmm… This appears to be a
complicated issue indeed.
• Alas! I should never have let him leave.
• Ouch! Take that pointy thing away from
me.

99. CONJUNCTION
A word that connects two words,
phrases, clauses or sentences together.

100. General examples of Conjunctions
• And • So
• Or • Therefore
• But • So That
• Yet • Also
• Nor • Though
• Either…Or • Unless
• Neither…Nor • For

101. Kinds of Conjunctions

102. Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions connect two
or more words, clauses or sentences of
equal syntactic importance.

103. List of Coordinating Conjunctions
• And (expresses positive non-contrast)
• But (expresses contrast or exception)
• Or (expresses alternatives)
• Nor (expresses negative non-contrast)
• For (expresses reason)
• Yet (expresses contrast or exception)
• So (expresses consequences)

104. Examples of Using Coordinating
Conjunctions
• I was afraid so I hid.
• They did not come for the weather was
bad.
• You can try going to the police or you
can also resolve this by yourself.
• Winning the race is important but your
son’s birthday is priceless.
• She stood by and watched with horror.

105. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions work in pairs to
connect two or more words, clauses or
sentences of equal weight.

106. List of Correlative Conjunctions
• Either… Or
• Neither… Nor
• Not Only… But (Also)
• Both… And
• Whether… Or
• Just As… So
• So… As

107. Examples of Using Correlative
Conjunctions
• A person of Science must not only
work under the principle of believing
through seeing but also keep his mind
open to all possibilities.
• Both the decline of the stock market
and the cost of war caused the
economy to fail.
• Whether he comes or he goes isn’t an
issue.

108. Subordinating Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions connect
independent clauses and dependent
clauses.

109. List of Subordinating Conjunctions
• As • In Case
• Because • Unless
• Since • Provided That
• Although • As Soon As
• Even Though • Until
• While • Still
• If • While

110. Examples of Using Subordinating
Conjunctions
• Your case will stand, provided that you
have enough evidence.
• He still acts tough, even though
everyone saw how cowardly he was
during the explosion.
• Because of the gas leak, the workers
had to go home early.
• If it were not for you, I would be dead.

111. It is always important to note
that in order to create a proper
sentence, all these parts must
work together.

112. THANK YOU!

113. Credits
• Joshua Busalla Presentations
• Microsoft Power Point
• Wikipedia.org
• About.com
• Englishclub.com