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This document discusses different types of software and hardware used in computer networks. It defines network software as applications running on one host to communicate with applications on another host. It also defines system software as programs that control computer hardware operations and help other programs run correctly. Application software performs specific tasks for users. The document also distinguishes hardware as physical electronic devices, software as programs running on hardware, and firmware as low-level software tied to hardware control and updated less often than other software.
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Computer Network Theory Part 3
This document provides information about various topics related to computer networks:
1. It defines network software, system software, hardware, software, firmware, apps, and addresses. Network software enables sharing of information and resources, while system software manages devices. Hardware are physical components and software are programs.
2. It describes the layers of an SDN framework including the application, control, and infrastructure layers which communicate via northbound and southbound APIs.
3. It compares application software and system software, apps and software, and hardware, software, and firmware in terms of their functions, executability, updatability, and examples.
4. It defines types of addresses including physical, logical, port,
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Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system like the CPU, RAM, and hard drives. Software includes programs like operating systems, browsers, and apps that allow interaction with hardware. Firmware is a type of software designed to act as an intermediary between hardware and software or for single-purpose devices like printers. It is updated infrequently and users have limited interaction with it. Examples of firmware include the BIOS and EFI.
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Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer like the CPU, RAM, and hard drive. Software is a set of instructions that operate computers and execute tasks, and can be updated by users. Firmware sits between hardware and software as a type of machine language program that is semi-permanently stored in hardware. System software like operating systems interface between application software and hardware to manage system resources, while application software is designed for specific user tasks. Device drivers are software that allow operating systems to communicate with hardware devices like graphics cards and printers.
Neethu Narayanan- Operating System
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This document provides an introduction to different types of software:
1) System software like operating systems and compilers provide an interface between users and computer hardware. Examples include Windows 10 and Android.
2) Application software runs on platforms created by system software and are designed for specific tasks like spreadsheets, word processors, and Microsoft Office programs.
3) Utility software helps maintain computers, ensuring correct and efficient operation, through programs like antivirus software, firewalls, and disk fragmenters. Antivirus software protects against viruses that can harm computers.
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This document provides information about various topics related to computer networks:
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2. It describes the layers of an SDN framework including the application, control, and infrastructure layers which communicate via northbound and southbound APIs.
3. It compares application software and system software, apps and software, and hardware, software, and firmware in terms of their functions, executability, updatability, and examples.
4. It defines types of addresses including physical, logical, port,
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Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system like the CPU, RAM, and hard drives. Software includes programs like operating systems, browsers, and apps that allow interaction with hardware. Firmware is a type of software designed to act as an intermediary between hardware and software or for single-purpose devices like printers. It is updated infrequently and users have limited interaction with it. Examples of firmware include the BIOS and EFI.
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This document discusses operating systems and system software. It defines system software as programs that interface between hardware and application programs. The operating system (OS) is provided as the key example of system software, as it manages all other programs on a computer. The main types of system software discussed are operating systems, language processors, and device drivers. Language processors are further broken down into compilers, assemblers, and interpreters. Device drivers enable interaction between hardware devices and the operating system. The functions of an operating system include process management, memory management, input/output management, device management, and security management.
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This document provides an introduction to different types of software:
1) System software like operating systems and compilers provide an interface between users and computer hardware. Examples include Windows 10 and Android.
2) Application software runs on platforms created by system software and are designed for specific tasks like spreadsheets, word processors, and Microsoft Office programs.
3) Utility software helps maintain computers, ensuring correct and efficient operation, through programs like antivirus software, firewalls, and disk fragmenters. Antivirus software protects against viruses that can harm computers.
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1. The document discusses the differences between applications (apps) and system software, as well as hardware, firmware, and software.
2. System software manages system resources and serves as a platform to run application software, while application software performs specific functions. System software runs automatically at startup/shutdown, while application software runs on user request.
3. The document also compares hardware, firmware, and software. Hardware are physical computer components, software are programs that can be updated, and firmware is semi-permanent software that may require more skill to update.
Computer networks note 3
Network software encompasses software for designing, implementing, operating and monitoring computer networks. It helps set up networks, allows users to access resources, adds or removes users, and protects networks from attacks. System software is a type of program that runs a computer's hardware and application programs. It manages the basic functions of the computer so users can run other software. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer like monitors, keyboards and storage. Software contains instructions that tell hardware how to function. Firmware is software programmed onto hardware devices to communicate with other computer parts. It provides instructions and usually needs updating for new operating systems. Apps are software programs, especially for mobile devices.
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Network software helps administrators deploy, manage, and monitor computer networks by bundling networking functionality into solutions. System software controls a computer's internal functions and peripherals through the operating system. Computer hardware refers to physical components like motherboards, storage, and RAM, while software comprises programs, procedures, and routines that tell the computer what to do. Firmware is a type of software programmed onto hardware devices. The main differences between hardware and software are that hardware is physical and can be seen, while software provides instructions but has no physical form.
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This document provides information about different types of software:
- Software consists of instructions that tell the computer what tasks to perform. The term "software" was first used in 1958.
- There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software includes the operating system, device drivers, and utility programs, which operate the computer hardware and provide a platform for running other software. Application software includes general purpose programs like word processors as well as specific purpose programs designed for particular tasks.
- The document further explains operating systems, packaged software, custom software, web applications, open source software, shareware, and freeware. It also distinguishes between general purpose and specific purpose application software.
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Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer or electronic device. Software is a set of instructions that allows hardware to perform tasks. Firmware is a type of software that handles hardware and is updated less frequently than other software. Hardware examples include cables, routers, and keyboards. There are two main types of software: system software which manages system resources and application software which performs specific tasks for users. Firmware acts as an intermediary between software and hardware for devices like printers and routers.
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2. Software-defined networking (SDN) separates the control plane from the forwarding plane, with an application layer defining policies, a control layer managing traffic flow, and an infrastructure layer containing physical network components.
3. While system software manages system resources and serves as a platform for applications, application software performs specific user-requested functions and is not required to run the system overall.
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Note 3
1. Software is a set of instructions that allows hardware to function, while applications (apps) are specific software packages that perform tasks for end users.
2. Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer like monitors and keyboards, firmware is software embedded in hardware like BIOS, and software provides instructions to tell the computer what to do like operating systems and programs.
3. The document discusses the differences between apps and software, and between hardware, firmware, and software.
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1. The document discusses the differences between applications (apps) and system software, as well as hardware, firmware, and software.
2. System software manages system resources and serves as a platform to run application software, while application software performs specific functions. System software runs automatically at startup/shutdown, while application software runs on user request.
3. The document also compares hardware, firmware, and software. Hardware are physical computer components, software are programs that can be updated, and firmware is semi-permanent software that may require more skill to update.
Computer networks note 3
Network software encompasses software for designing, implementing, operating and monitoring computer networks. It helps set up networks, allows users to access resources, adds or removes users, and protects networks from attacks. System software is a type of program that runs a computer's hardware and application programs. It manages the basic functions of the computer so users can run other software. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer like monitors, keyboards and storage. Software contains instructions that tell hardware how to function. Firmware is software programmed onto hardware devices to communicate with other computer parts. It provides instructions and usually needs updating for new operating systems. Apps are software programs, especially for mobile devices.
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This document provides an overview of different types of computer software. It defines software as a series of instructions that tells the computer what tasks to perform. It distinguishes between system software like operating systems and utility programs, which control and maintain computer operations, and application software, which helps users be more productive by creating documents and media. It also describes different categories of application software such as packaged, custom, web applications, open source, shareware, freeware, and public domain software.
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The document discusses the differences between software and hardware. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer like circuits, chips, and other electronic parts. Software refers to the computer programs and instructions that can be stored internally or externally. Software is developed from human thinking while hardware relies on technological advancements. There are two main types of software: application software which are programs for specific tasks, and system software which deals with programs that manage the overall system, like operating systems and compilers.
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Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation. There are two main types: system software and application software. System software includes operating systems and controls the computer, while application software helps users perform tasks like word processing. The history of software dates back to the 1930s and pioneers like Turing, while the term "software" was coined in 1958. The waterfall model is a common approach to software development that involves requirements, design, implementation, testing, and deployment phases.
Different types of software
There are three main types of computer software: system software, programming software, and application software. System software provides a platform for other software and includes operating systems like Windows and game engines. Programming software helps programmers develop other software, such as compilers, assemblers, and debuggers. Application software performs specific tasks for users like word processing, spreadsheet calculation, web browsing, and playing media.
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This document defines and describes different types of computer software. It discusses that there are two main types: system software and application software. System software sits directly on the hardware and includes operating systems like Windows, Linux, and UNIX which manage computer resources. Application software are programs designed for end users like Adobe creative tools, web browsers, video streaming services, and communication apps.
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This document discusses various topics related to computer networks including network software, system software, hardware, software, firmware, apps, and IP addresses. It provides definitions and examples of these terms. It explains the differences between system software and application software, and between hardware, software, and firmware. It also discusses software-defined networking frameworks and the layers within it. IP addresses are defined and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 are outlined.
Note 3
Network software helps administrators deploy, manage, and monitor computer networks by bundling networking functionality into solutions. System software controls a computer's internal functions and peripherals through the operating system. Computer hardware refers to physical components like motherboards, storage, and RAM, while software comprises programs, procedures, and routines that tell the computer what to do. Firmware is a type of software programmed onto hardware devices. The main differences between hardware and software are that hardware is physical and can be seen, while software provides instructions but has no physical form.
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This presentation provides an overview of computer software. It defines software as programs that tell a computer what to do and discusses its key characteristics like accuracy and security. The presentation also classifies software into two main types: system software, which helps run computer hardware, and application software, which allows users to perform tasks. Some examples of application software mentioned include Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Photoshop. Finally, the presentation discusses the educational applications of computer software in helping both students and teachers.
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This was the slides I used in my class, TLE (ICT) at the public school I assigned in my Practice Teaching.
Hope this slides would help you! :-)
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The document discusses the history and development of computer software. It covers the different generations of software from the first generation where programs were entered manually using switches and dials, to modern programming languages. It also defines different types of software including system software, programming tools, and application software. Key topics covered include software architecture, quality, licensing, and the reasons why new programming languages and software are continually designed.
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Based on the presentation of the same
http://www.slideshare.net/abijahjumaniaj/computer-programs-system-softwares?qid=e2a68e66-9563-4773-ac9b-829da392b494&v=default&b=&from_search=1
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This document provides information about different types of software:
- Software consists of instructions that tell the computer what tasks to perform. The term "software" was first used in 1958.
- There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software includes the operating system, device drivers, and utility programs, which operate the computer hardware and provide a platform for running other software. Application software includes general purpose programs like word processors as well as specific purpose programs designed for particular tasks.
- The document further explains operating systems, packaged software, custom software, web applications, open source software, shareware, and freeware. It also distinguishes between general purpose and specific purpose application software.
Lesson 3
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer or electronic device. Software is a set of instructions that allows hardware to perform tasks. Firmware is a type of software that handles hardware and is updated less frequently than other software. Hardware examples include cables, routers, and keyboards. There are two main types of software: system software which manages system resources and application software which performs specific tasks for users. Firmware acts as an intermediary between software and hardware for devices like printers and routers.
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This document discusses computer software. It defines software and its relationship to hardware. There are two main types of software: system software, which controls computer operations, and application software, which performs specific tasks. Software can be acquired through purchasing pre-written programs, custom development, or downloading free options. Developing custom software involves analyzing problems, coding, testing, and maintenance. Firmware is software stored directly on hardware, while middleware acts as a software layer between applications.
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This document outlines the syllabus for an Operating Systems course. It covers four modules: evolution of operating systems and process management; process synchronization, threads, concurrency tools, and deadlock prevention; memory management including paging, segmentation, and virtual memory; and file systems including disk scheduling and I/O. The key functions of an operating system are also summarized, including process management, memory management, and file management.
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The document discusses the difference between hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that can be touched, while software refers to the programs inside the computer that cannot be touched and run the hardware. Software includes operating systems and applications.
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The document discusses several topics related to computer networking:
1. Networking software helps administrators deploy, manage, and monitor networks by providing tools to configure hardware like routers and switches.
2. Software-defined networking (SDN) separates the control plane from the forwarding plane, with an application layer defining policies, a control layer managing traffic flow, and an infrastructure layer containing physical network components.
3. While system software manages system resources and serves as a platform for applications, application software performs specific user-requested functions and is not required to run the system overall.
4. Network addresses uniquely identify devices, with physical MAC addresses embedded in hardware and logical IP addresses allowing communication across networks.
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This document discusses different types of computer software, including application software and system software. It provides examples of various application software such as word processing programs, spreadsheets, presentation software, and personal information managers. It also discusses types of system software like operating systems and database management systems. The document outlines the basic functions of operating systems, which include managing resources, files, and tasks to maximize productivity and efficiency.
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1. Software is a set of instructions that allows hardware to function, while applications (apps) are specific software packages that perform tasks for end users.
2. Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer like monitors and keyboards, firmware is software embedded in hardware like BIOS, and software provides instructions to tell the computer what to do like operating systems and programs.
3. The document discusses the differences between apps and software, and between hardware, firmware, and software.
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System software consists of several programs that directly control, integrate and manage the individual hardware components of a computer system. These include operating systems, device drivers, middleware, utility software and shells/windowing systems. System software provides an interface between the user and computer components and insulates applications programmers from hardware details. Application software includes programs designed for end users, such as word processors, database programs and spreadsheets. It resides above system software.
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This document discusses two main types of computer software: system software and application software. System software includes operating systems, compilers, and device drivers. It is close to the hardware, difficult to design, and written in low-level languages. Application software satisfies specific user needs and includes programs like spreadsheets, presentations, and databases. It is closer to the user, easier to design, and written in high-level languages. The document provides details on common examples of each type of software.
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This document provides an overview of the essential components of computers, including hardware, software, and the relationship between the two. It discusses how hardware represents the physical parts of a computer, while software is programs that perform functions. There are two main types of software: system software, which operates and controls the computer, and application software, which satisfies specific needs. Translators such as compilers, interpreters, and assemblers are used to convert programs between high-level languages and machine code. Operating systems act as an interface between users and hardware, managing resources and processes.
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This document provides an overview of computer systems, including computer hardware, software, networking, and data processing. It defines computer hardware as the physical components of a computer and lists common hardware components like the motherboard, CPU, memory, and peripheral devices. It also discusses computer software, describing system software, application software, and programming languages. The document summarizes data processing topics like data management systems, database models, and the process of extracting knowledge from data.
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The document defines and describes different types of software. It begins by defining software as a set of instructions that operate computers and execute tasks, as opposed to hardware which describes physical computer components. There are two main categories of software: application software which performs specific tasks, and system software which runs hardware and provides a platform for applications. Other types include programming software, middleware, and driver software. The document then describes various common software types in more detail such as application software, system software, driver software, middleware, and programming software. It concludes by discussing software quality measures.
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The document discusses computer software, including the definitions of software and software packages. It describes the relationship between hardware and software, noting that both are needed for a computer to function and that different software can be loaded onto the same hardware. It outlines the main types of software as system software, which controls computer operations, and application software, which performs specific tasks. Key aspects of both system and application software are defined.
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This document defines and classifies different types of software. It discusses that software includes programs, applications and scripts that run on computers. It distinguishes system software, which runs computer hardware and other programs, from application software, which are general purpose programs written for specific tasks. System software is further divided into operating systems, system utilities and language processors. Operating systems manage computer operations and resources. System utilities include editors, loaders, linkers and debuggers that assist programming. Language processors translate programs into machine code.
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1. Computer software refers to programs that run on computers and includes system software like operating systems and utility programs, as well as application software for tasks like word processing.
2. Operating systems control the computer hardware and link users to applications, allowing functions like multitasking. Common operating systems include Windows and Linux.
3. There are different types of software like general purpose applications for many tasks, integrated packages that combine applications, and specialist or tailor-made software for specific needs.
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Fg b
The document provides an overview of operating systems and application software. It discusses how the operating system manages hardware resources and allows multiple programs to run concurrently. It also describes common types of application software like word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and web browsers. The document explains that while companies typically use commercially available software, customized software may be developed internally using programming languages to gain a competitive advantage.
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Network Software, System Software, Hardware, Software, Firmware, App
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Note 6
The document discusses the OSI model and CSMA protocols. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers. It then explains Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). CSMA/CD detects collisions after transmission while CSMA/CA prevents collisions before transmission. CSMA/CA is commonly used in wireless networks while CSMA/CD is used in wired networks. The document also lists some key differences between CSMA/CA and CSMA/CD.
Note 5
Three common types of network cables are described:
1. Fiber optic cable transmits light and has three variants - single mode, multimode, and plastic optical fiber. It has very high bandwidth but is difficult to install.
2. Twisted pair cable comes in unshielded and shielded versions and transmits electrically. UTP is cheaper and easier to install than STP.
3. Coaxial cable transmits electrically and has moderately high bandwidth but is easier to install than fiber optic.
Note 04
The IP (Internet Protocol) specifies how information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed and received on the Internet. There are four main types of IP addresses: public, private, static and dynamic. IP addresses are classified into classes A, B, C, D and E which determine the number of hosts and networks each can support. Data is sent from one network to another via routing through intermediate networks.
Note 01
Computer networks allow computers to be connected and share information. They are used for communication, sharing devices and files, and accessing information remotely. The goals of computer networks are to share resources between computers, ensure performance and reliability, increase scalability, and provide security. Computer networks use hardware like network interface cards, servers, routers, and cables to transmit data and software like network operating systems and protocols to facilitate communication. Early computer networks included ARPANET, which served as the basis for the modern Internet.
Note -02
This document discusses computer networks and network topologies. It begins by defining a computer network and describing the main types: LAN, PAN, MAN, and WAN. It then explains the characteristics and uses of each network type. The document also outlines the six main network topologies - bus, ring, star, mesh, tree, and hybrid - providing details on how each works along with their advantages and disadvantages. Computer network topologies describe how devices connect and communicate within a network.
Assignment 01
Modern technologies are widely used in many sectors like IT and organizations. They provide security services and carry out projects through internet and networks for governments, commercial and industrial purposes. Technology is used in almost every aspect of our lives and businesses. It is used in education through tools like internet in classrooms, drawing tools, audio/video lectures and presentations to help students learn better. Technology enables easy communication through networks and internet by allowing people to send unlimited messages quickly. It also helps businesses save money by allowing employees to work remotely through internet connections. Industrial technology employs creative individuals to help companies achieve efficient production through engineering and manufacturing technology.
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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Note 03
- 1. Note-03 Topic: Network Software,Application Software ,System Software,Hardware,Software & Firmware. Course Code: CSE-317 Course Title: Computer Networks Submitted To Pranab Bandhu Nath Senior Lecturer, Department of CSE City University Submitted By Md.Mejbah Uddin Rafi BSc in CSE (Day) Batch: 49th (B) ID: 1834902584
- 2. Network Software A network application is any application running on one host providing communication to another application running on a different host. Network applications allow network operators to easily manage and monitor network traffic as well as analyze data that can be used to improve network systems. What is System Software? System Software is a set of programs that control and manage the operations of computer hardware. It also helps application programs to execute correctly. What is an Application Software? Application Software is a program that does real work for the user. It is mostly created to perform a specific task for a user. KEY DIFFERENCES: • System software are designed to manage the resources of the system, like memory and process management, security, etc. whereas Application software are designed to fulfil the requirements of the user for performing specific tasks. • The System Software is a general-purpose software while the Application Software is specific purpose software. • System Software is written in a low-level language like a machine or assembly language but Application software is a high-level language is used to write Application Software.
- 3. • System Software is capable of running independently while Application software can't run independently. • The System Software starts running when the system is powered on and runs until the system is powered off while the Application Software starts when the user begins, and it ends when the user stops it. • System software are independent of the application software while an Application software needs system software to run. Hardware Hardware is any physical electronic device. Computers, adapter cards and Ethernet cables are examples. Software Software is a broad term for the programs running on hardware. Familiar kinds of software are operating systems, which provide overall control for computer hardware, and applications, which are optional programs used for a particular job. Software resides on disks and is brought into memory when it is needed. Firmware In computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for a device's specific hardware. • Software is the most temporary and malleable. Firmware is semi- permanent software that’s tied more directly to the hardware and updated less often, and hardware is the physical components that are most permanent. Reference:
- 4. 1. https://www.guru99.com/difference-system-software-application- software.html 2. https://www.google.com/search?q=Network+application&rlz=1C1UEAD_enBD9 31BD931&oq=Network+application&aqs=chrome..69i57l2j69i59l2j0i271l3j69i6 0.4845j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 3. https://kb.netgear.com/1070/Defining-the-terms-driver-firmware- hardware-software-and-utility 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware 5. https://danielmiessler.com/blog/software-firmware-hardware/