Normal Neonates
This is the slideshare about normal neonates with perspective of B.Sc. Nursing students.
#Slideshare on Normal Neonates for Bsc Nursing students.
#Assessment and management of Normal Neonates in Obstetrics
#Education
#Nursing
# Initial, daily assessment of normal neonates and physiology of neonate.
#Minor disorders of normal newborn and their management
The presentation contain:
Normal puerperium ; Physiology, Duration
Postnatal assessment and management
Promoting physical and emotional well-being
Lactation management
Immunization
Family dynamics after child-birth.
Family welfare services; methods, counseling
Follow-up
Records and reports
neonatal hypothermia is a very emergency condition. if we identify this in early stage we can save the life of neonate. all should know about the maintaining the temperature if the neonate is in our home.
The presentation contain:
Normal puerperium ; Physiology, Duration
Postnatal assessment and management
Promoting physical and emotional well-being
Lactation management
Immunization
Family dynamics after child-birth.
Family welfare services; methods, counseling
Follow-up
Records and reports
neonatal hypothermia is a very emergency condition. if we identify this in early stage we can save the life of neonate. all should know about the maintaining the temperature if the neonate is in our home.
Unit IV new born.pptx in obstetrics and gynecologyDelphyVarghese
Make sure your bladder is empty, then sit or lie down.
Tighten your pelvic floor muscles. Hold tight and count 3 to 5 seconds.
Relax the muscles and count 3 to 5 seconds.
Repeat 10 times, 3 times a day (morning, afternoon, and night).
Essential newborn care Essential care of a normal newborn can be best provided by the mothers under the supervision of nursing personnel.
About 80% of newborn babies require minimal care.
The normal term baby should be kept with their mother rather than in a separate nursery.
Rooming-in promotes better emotional bondage, prevents cross-infection and establishes breast feeding easily.
Active participation of mothers in the nursing care of the baby develops self-confidence in her.
Important points in the organization of a NICU. The Aims and Objectives, Main components of NICU eg., physical facilities, personnel, equipment, laboratory facilities, procedure manual, transport of sick child and levels or grades of neonatal care.
organization of NICU
GENERAL OBJECTIVE: At the end of the this topic the students will be able to gain knowledge and understanding regarding the organization of NICU and apply this knowledge in theory and practical.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the topic student will be able to,
Explain the introduction and define the NICU.
Discuss the aims and objective of NICU.
List out the basic facility.
Describe the component of NICU. Introduction:- A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)—also called a Special Care Nursery, newborn intensive care unit, intensive care nursery (ICN), and special care baby unit (SCBU)—is an intensive care unit specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants.
NEONATAL CARE: The management of complex life threatening diseases, provision of intensive monitoring and institution of life sustaining therapies in an organized manner to critically ill children in a separate pediatric intensive care unit.
Briefly describe the management of nursing care.
Explain the level of NICU.
Discuss the environment of NICU. DEFINITION: Newborn or neonatal intensive care unit, is a intensive care unit designed for premature and ill newborn babies.
AIMS and OBJECTIVES: AIMS OF ORGANIZING OF NICU :
Reducing the neonatal mortality and improving the quality of life among the survivors
OBJECTIVES:
To save the life of the sick new born.
To prevent damage in infants with problems at birth and also reduce morbidity in later life.
To monitor high risk newborns so as to reduce mortality and morbidity in these babies.
BASIC FACILITIES: Adequate space
Availability of running water
Centralized oxygen and suction facilities
Maintenance of thermo- neutral environment
Availability of plenty of linen and disposables
Facilities for availability to treat common neonatal problems
MAIN COMPONENTS TO BE CONSIDER WHILE ORGANIZING A NICU: Physical Facilities
Personnel
Equipment
Laboratory Facilities
Procedure Manual
Transport Of Sick Infants
Cooperation Between The Obstetrician And Neonatologist
PHYSICAL FACILITIES: Location
Space
Floor plan
Lighting
Environmental temperature and humidity
Handling and social contacts
Communication system
Acoustic characteristics
Ventilation
Electrical outlets
LOCATION:Located as close as to labor room and obstetric care unit
Adequate sunlight for illumination
Fair degree of ventilation for fresh air
SPACE: Serve as a referral unit for the infants born outside the hospital.
Each infant should be provided with a minimum area of 100 sq. ft. or 10sq. meter
Space for promotion of breast feeding.
500-600 Gross square feet per bed.
Space includes patient care area, storage area, space for doctors, nurses, other staff, office area, seminar room area, laboratory area and space for families.
6 Feet gap between two incubators for adequate circulation and keeping.
The essential life-saving equipment. FLOOR PLAN: Open encumbered space.
The walls should be made of washable glazed tiles and windows should have...
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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4. INITIAL AND DAILY ASSESSMENT
• One of the first assessments is a baby's Apgar score. At one minute and five minutes after birth, infants are checked for heart and respiratory rates, muscle tone,
reflexes, and color. Thishelpsidentifybabiesthat have difficultybreathingor have other problemsthatneed furthercare.
• Contour, proportions, and postures
• The body of a normal newborn is essentially cylindrical; head circumference slightly exceeds that of the chest. For
a term baby, the average circumference of the head is 33–35 cm (13–14 inches), and the average circumference
of the chest is 30–33 cm (12–13 inches).5 The infant's sitting height, measured from crown to rump, is
approximately equal to the head circumference. These values may vary somewhat, but their relation to each
other is normally constant. Values should be plotted on an appropriate preterm or term growth chart to evaluate
the neonate's head for the presence of microcephaly or hydrocephaly.
• During the first few days of life, the infant's posture is largely the result of its position in utero. The normal infant
who was delivered from a vertex presentation tends to assume a relaxed fetal position. During the first days of
life, it is the “position of comfort” for the infant. Crying episodes can often be ended by taking the infant from the
crib and gently curling him or her into the fetal position.
• Other postures are associated with more unusual infant positions. After a footling breech presentation, the thighs
are abducted in the “frog-leg” position. Infants born in the frank breech position tend to keep their knees in the
jackknife posture. After a brow or face delivery, the head is extended and the neck appears elongated, but
posture of the spinal column is normal. Normal postures depend on normal muscle tone, which may be visibly
diminished in hypoxic infants, who do not maintain intrauterine postures but remain in almost any position
imposed on them.
70. THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF LEVELS OF NICU IS DEFINED ACCORDING TO
THE LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY OF CARE PROVIDED:
• LEVEL I NEONATAL CARE (BASIC)
• This is a well-newborn nursery: and has the capability to:
• Provide neonatal resuscitation at every delivery
• Evaluate and provide postnatal care to healthy newborn infants
• Apgar score < 6
• Stabilize and provide care for infants born > 34 weeks' gestation who remain
physiologically stable
• Stabilize and provide care for infants born > 34 weeks' gestation < 2 k g
• Stabilize and provide care for physiologically unstable full term infants who require
hemodynamic or respiratory support and birth weight < 2 k g
• Stabilize newborn infants who are ill and those born at <34 weeks' gestation until
transfer to a facility that can provide the appropriate level of neonatal care.
71. LEVEL II NEONATAL CARE (SPECIALTY)
• Special care nursery:
• level II units are subdivided into 2 categories based on their ability to provide assisted
ventilation including continuous positive airway pressure
Level IIA: has the capabilities toResuscitate and stabilize preterm and/or ill infants before
transfer to a facility at which newborn intensive care is provided
• Provide care for infants born at >30 weeks' gestation and weighing </= 1500 g
– Apgar score 4 to 6
– who have physiologic immaturity such as apnea of prematurity, inability to maintain body
temperature, or inability to take oral feedings or
– who are moderately ill with problems that are anticipated to resolve rapidly and are not
anticipated to need subspecialty services on an urgent basis
• Provide care for infants who are convalescing after intensive care
72. LEVEL II CONTD..
• Level IIB: has the capabilities of a level IIA nursery and the
additional capability to provide mechanical ventilation for
brief durations (<24 hours) or continuous positive airway
pressure.
73. LEVEL III: (SUBSPECIALTY) NICU:
• Level III NICUs are subdivided into 3 categories
• Level III A: has the capabilities toProvide comprehensive care for infants born at >28 weeks' gestation and
weighing >1000 g
• Apgar Scores 3 and below are generally regarded as critically low
• Provide sustained life support limited to conventional mechanical ventilation
• Perform minor surgical procedures such as placement of central venous catheter or inguinal hernia repair
• Level III B NICU: has the capabilities to provideComprehensive care for extremely low birth weight infants
(</=1000g and </= 28 weeks' gestation)
• Advanced respiratory support such as high-frequency ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide for as long as
required
• Prompt and on-site access to a full range of peadiatric medical subspecialists
• Advanced imaging, with interpretation on an urgent basis, including computed tomography, magnetic
resonance imaging, and echocardiography
74. LEVEL III CONTD.
• Pediatric surgical specialists and paediatric anesthesiologists on site or at a closely
related institution to perform major surgery such as ligation of patent ductus
arteriosus and repair of abdominal wall defects, necrotizing enterocolitis with bowel
perforation, tracheoesophageal fistula and/or esophageal atresia, and
myelomeningocele
• Level III C NICU: has the capabilities of a level IIIB NICU and is located within an
institution that has the capability to provide Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
and surgical repair of complex congenital cardiac malformations that require
cardiopulmonary bypass