Normal labour intro
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Normal labor is defined as a series of events that takes place in the genital organs to expel the viable products of conception through the vagina. It should be spontaneous, at term, with a vertex presentation, without undue prolongation, natural termination with minimal aids, and without complications. Labor is initiated by factors like uterine distension, the feto-placental cascade, estrogen, progesterone, prostaglandins, and oxytocin. It consists of four stages: the first stage of cervical dilation, the second stage of fetal expulsion, the third stage of placental expulsion, and a fourth observation stage. The document then outlines the mechanism and progression of labor.
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Aph
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Preterm labour
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PREMATURE LABOR
This document provides information about premature labor including its definition, incidence, etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, investigations, management, nursing management, prevention, and complications. Premature labor is defined as regular uterine contractions before 37 weeks of gestation. It affects about 5-18% of pregnancies in India. The causes are often unknown but can be due to infections, multiple pregnancies, pre-eclampsia, and other medical conditions. Management involves bed rest, tocolytic drugs, corticosteroids, and in some cases surgical cervical cerclage. Complications for the fetus include respiratory distress, brain injuries, and death. Nursing care focuses on monitoring contractions and status of the cervix and membranes
Normal Labour
Normal labour is defined as spontaneous onset at term, with a single vertex fetus and no complications. Labour progresses through three stages: cervical dilation, birth of fetus, and delivery of placenta. Cervical dilation occurs in latent and active phases, with the active phase involving accelerated, maximum, and decelerated dilation. Uterine contractions and retraction of the upper uterine segment apply force to dilate the cervix around the presenting fetal part. Moulding of the fetal skull allows adaptation to the pelvis during birth.
Complications of third stage of labour
complcations of third stage of labour, includes PPH, Inversion of uterus, retained placenta, placenta accreta, increta, percreta, amniotic fluid embolism
Induction of labour
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Common gynaecological problems
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Induction, augmentation and trial of labor
The document discusses induction of labor, including definitions, methods, and indications. It describes the three main methods of induction - medical, surgical, and combined. The medical method involves prostaglandins like misoprostol and oxytocin to induce contractions. The surgical method is artificial rupture of membranes. The combined method uses both medical induction and rupture of membranes. Some common indications for induction include post-term pregnancy, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Risks of induction include uterine hyperstimulation and failed induction requiring c-section. Strict monitoring is important during any induction procedure.
Cpd
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) refers to a disparity between the fetal head size and the mother's pelvic size that can impact labor and delivery. It is defined as the essential diameters of the pelvis being shortened by at least 0.5 cm. CPD can be caused by conditions like rickets, osteomalacia, or injuries that impact pelvic development. It increases risks during labor like prolonged labor, operative delivery, maternal injuries, and fetal hazards. Management options include preterm induction, elective c-section, or a trial of labor depending on the individual case.
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Placenta praevia is a condition where the placenta is partially or totally attached to the lower uterine segment. It occurs in around 0.5% of pregnancies and is more common in multiparous women and twin pregnancies. Placenta praevia can cause painless vaginal bleeding and is diagnosed using ultrasound imaging. Treatment depends on gestational age and amount of bleeding, and may involve bed rest, induction of labor, or caesarean section to deliver the baby safely. Complications for both mother and baby can include bleeding, prematurity, and difficulty during labor and delivery.
Aph
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High risk pregnancy
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Face Presentation
This document provides information on face presentation during childbirth. It defines face presentation as a cephalic presentation with the fetus in a complete extended attitude and the presenting part being the face. The two types of face presentation are primary (presenting before labor) and secondary (caused by extension during labor). The main positions are left and right mentoanterior and mentoposterior. Face presentation has a higher risk of complications compared to vertex presentation such as prolonged labor and increased need for operative delivery. The management involves allowing labor to progress for mentoanterior positions but cesarean section is usually needed for persistent mentoposterior.
Preterm labour
Preterm labor is defined as the onset of labor before 37 weeks of gestation. It can be spontaneous or medically indicated and accounts for a majority of neonatal deaths and disabilities. Risk factors include multiple pregnancies, infections, cervical insufficiency, and genetic factors. Management involves tocolytic drugs to delay labor, corticosteroids to improve neonatal outcomes, and careful fetal monitoring during labor. Prematurity and its complications remain a major challenge in obstetrics.
Breast problems after delivery and their management.
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Physiotherapy In Surgical Condition (Labour) 3rd year
National Institute Of Traumatolog&Orthopaedic Rehabilitation.
3rd Year
22nd Batch
Group-B
Subject:Physiotherapy In Surgical Condition.
Topic:LABOUR
induction of labor - A Clinical Case Discussion
A 24-year-old woman, Puan Nina, was admitted to the hospital at 40 weeks and 1 day gestation to induce labor for post-maturity. She had two previous normal deliveries with no medical issues in the current pregnancy. Upon examination, her cervix was 2 cm dilated. Artificial rupture of membranes and Syntocinon were used to induce labor. The woman progressed well and delivered a healthy baby girl weighing 3.5kg with good Apgar scores.
Normal Labor in Obstetrics
Pathophysiology of Normal Labor:
A series of events that take place in female genital organs to expel the product of conception that are fetus, placenta, membranes) out of womb through the vagina into the outer world. We further describe pathogenesis and features of different stages of labor
Induction of labour (2)
This document discusses induction and augmentation of labor. It begins by defining induction of labor as artificially stimulating uterine contractions before the onset of labor, while augmentation refers to stimulating inadequate spontaneous contractions. The document then covers the structures and physiology of the cervix as it relates to ripening. It discusses various methods of assessing cervical status including Bishop's score and indications, contraindications, risks and prerequisites for labor induction. The document provides an overview of common methods used for cervical ripening and labor induction.
Management of normal labour Final yr.pptx
This document provides an outline and overview of the management of normal labor. It defines the three stages of labor as follows:
1) First stage (cervical dilation from 0-10cm): divided into latent phase and active phase
2) Second stage (fetal descent and expulsion): from full dilation until delivery of the baby
3) Third stage (placental expulsion): from delivery of the baby until delivery of the placenta
It describes the assessment, monitoring and care provided during each stage, including vaginal exams, partograms to monitor progress, fetal monitoring, positioning, pain management, and active management of the third stage to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. The
Normal labor for undergraduate
UNDERGRADUATE COURSE LECTURES IN OBSTETRICS&GYNECOLOGY PREPARED BY DR MANAL BEHERY PROFESSOR OB&GYNE FACULTY OF MEDICINE ZAGAZIG UNIVERSITY
Induction of labour.ppt
This document discusses various methods for inducing labor, including natural, mechanical, and pharmacological methods. Natural methods include relaxation techniques, walking, nipple stimulation, and certain foods and herbs. Mechanical methods involve inserting balloon dilators or stripping the membranes to dilate the cervix. Pharmacological induction uses prostaglandins like dinoprostone (PGE2) and misoprostol (Cytotec) administered vaginally or orally, or oxytocin administered via IV infusion. The document outlines the procedures, effects, risks, and evidence for different induction methods to help providers select the most appropriate option for each patient.
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Normal labour intro
- 2. Learning Objectives 1) Definition of normal labour. 2) Assesment criteria for the same. 3) Causes of labour initiation. 4) Stages of labour 5) Key words in labour mechanism 2
- 3. NORMAL LABOUR Defn – A series of events that takes place in the genital organs in order to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world. 3
- 4. NORMAL LABOUR Criteria by WHO Spontaneous in onset & at term Vx presentation Without undue prolongation Natural termination with minimal aids Without any complications 4
- 5. CAUSES Uterine distension Feto placental cascade Oestrogen Progesterone PG’s Oxytocin 5
- 6. STAGES OF LABOUR 1st :onset of true labour pain to full cervical dilatation. 2nd : full cervical dilatation to fetal expulsion 3rd :placental expulsion 4th :observation 6
- 7. DURATION OF LABOUR 1ST STAGE 2ND STAGE 3RD STAGE PRIMI 12 HRS 2 HRS 15 MIN MULTI 6 HRS 30 MIN 15 MIN 7
- 8. MECHANISM OF LABOUR Engagement ↓ Increasing flexion ↓ Int. rotation of occiput ↓ Crowning ↓ Delivery of head by extension ↓ Restitution ↓ External rotation ↓ Delivery of shoulders & trunk by lateral flexion 8
- 11. Key Factors Power Passage Passenger 11
- 12. CLINICAL COURSE OF LABOUR 1. Pains 2. Dilatation & effacement of cervix 3. Status of the membranes 4. Descent of foetus 5. Vaginal signs 6. Maternal signs & foetal effects 12
- 13. Summary What is normal labour? Responsible factors for normancy Causes of labour Stages of labour Outline of labour mechanism 13
- 14. 14