- random error theory
- probability, experiments, plots of combining observations
- normal distribution curve,
- properties of the normal distribution function
- properties of the standard error
- linear error probable
- linear interpolation
- random error theory
- probability, experiments, plots of combining observations
- normal distribution curve,
- properties of the normal distribution function
- properties of the standard error
- linear error probable
- linear interpolation
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together
When modeling a system, encountering missing data is common.
What shall a modeler do in the case of unknown or missing information?
When dealing with missing data, it is critical to make correct assumptions to ensure that the system is accurate.
One must common strategy for handling such situations is calculate the average of available data for the similar existing systems (i.e., creating sampling data).
Use this average as a reasonable estimate for the missing value.
Please Subscribe to this Channel for more solutions and lectures
http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distribution
6.1: The Standard Normal Distribution
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together
When modeling a system, encountering missing data is common.
What shall a modeler do in the case of unknown or missing information?
When dealing with missing data, it is critical to make correct assumptions to ensure that the system is accurate.
One must common strategy for handling such situations is calculate the average of available data for the similar existing systems (i.e., creating sampling data).
Use this average as a reasonable estimate for the missing value.
Please Subscribe to this Channel for more solutions and lectures
http://www.youtube.com/onlineteaching
Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distribution
6.1: The Standard Normal Distribution
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. Normal distribution
1. Learn about the properties of a normal
distribution
2. Solve problems using tables of the normal
distribution
3. Meet some other examples of continuous
probability distributions
2. Types of variables
Discrete & Continuous
Describe what types of data could be
described as continuous random
variable X=x
– Arm lengths
– Eye heights
6. The normal distribution is a
theoretical probability
the area under the curve adds up to one
A Normal distribution is a theoretical model of the
whole population. It is perfectly symmetrical about
the central value; the mean μ represented by zero.
7. As well as the mean the standard
deviation (σ) must also be known.
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
The X axis is divided up into deviations from the
mean. Below the shaded area is one deviation
from the mean.
10. A handy estimate – known as the
Imperial Rule for a set of normal data:
68% of data will fall within 1σ of the μ
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
P( -1 < z < 1 ) = 0.683 = 68.3%
11. 95% of data fits within 2σ of the μ
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
P( -2 < z < 2 ) = 0.954 = 95.4%
12. 99.7% of data fits within 3σ of the μ
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
P( -3 < z < 3 ) = 0.997 = 99.7%
13. Simple problems solved using the imperial
rule - firstly, make a table out of the rule
<-3 -3 to -
2
-2 to -
1
-1 to
0
0 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 3 >3
0% 2% 14% 34% 34% 14% 2% 0%
The heights of students at a
college were found to follow
a bell-shaped distribution
with μ of 165cm and σ of 8
cm.
What proportion of students
are smaller than 157 cm
z
x
e
standardis
first
the
below
1
or
1
8
165
157
is
157cm
first
16%
14. Simple problems solved using the imperial
rule - firstly, make a table out of the rule
<-3 -3 to -
2
-2 to -
1
-1 to
0
0 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 3 >3
0% 2% 14% 34% 34% 14% 2% 0%
The heights of students at a
college were found to follow
a bell-shaped distribution
with μ of 165cm and σ of 8
cm.
Above roughly what height
are the tallest 2% of the
students?
of
2
beyond
are
students
of
2%
tallest
The
165 + 2 x 8 = 181 cm
15. Task – class 10 minutes
finish for homework
Exercise A Page 76
16. The Bell shape curve happens
so when recording continuous
random variables that an
equation is used to model the
shape exactly.
Put it into your
calculator and use the
graph function.
2
2
1
2
1 x
e
y
2
2
1
2
1
)
(
z
e
z
Sometimes you will see
it using phi =.
17. Luckily you don’t have to use the equation
each time and you don’t have to integrate it
every time you need to work out the area
under the curve – the normal distribution
probability
There are normal distribution tables
18. How to read the Normal distribution
table
Φ(z) means the area under the curve
on the left of z
19. How to read the Normal distribution
table
Φ(0.24) means the area under the
curve on the left of 0.24 and is this
value here:
24. Solving Problems using
the tables
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
The area under the curve is the probability of getting less than the z
score. The total area is 1.
The tables give the probability for z-scores in the distribution
X~N(0,1), that is mean =0, s.d. = 1.
ALWAYS SKETCH A DIAGRAM
Read the question carefully and shade the area you want to find. If
the shaded area is more than half then you can read the probability
directly from the table, if it is less than half, then you need to
subtract it from 1.
NB If your z-score is negative then you would look up the positive from
the table. The rule for the shaded area is the same as above: more
than half – read from the table, less than half subtract the reading
from 1.
25. You will have to standardise if the
mean is not zero and the standard
deviation is not one
27. Normal distribution
problems in reverse
Percentage points table on page 155
Work through examples on page 84
and do questions Exercise D on page
85
28. Key chapter points
The probability distribution of a continuous random
variable is represented by a curve. The area under
the curve in a given interval gives the probability of
the value lying in that interval.
If a variable X follows a normal probability
distribution, with mean μ and standard deviation σ,
we write X ̴ N (μ, σ2)
The variable Z= is called the standard
normal variable corresponding to X
29. Key chapter points cont.
If Z is a continuous random variable
such that Z ̴ N (0, 1) then
Φ(z)=P(Z<z)
The percentage points table shows, for
probability p, the value of z such that
P(Z<z)=p