The nonlinear behavior of light such as chaos traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator as a single
ring resonator is presented. This phenomenon can be used to generate secret codes or arbitrary digital codes of "0" and "1" applicable in the communication system such as time division multiple access (TDMA) system. Such a system can be used to secure the information signals therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2=3.8 × 10−20 m2
/W. The input power is selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies as
0 0.1. As a result, train of logic
codes could be generated and transmitted via a fiber communication link using the chaotic signals. To optimize the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical
communication systems.
Experimental Study for the Different Methods of Generating Millimeter WavesIJERA Editor
In this paper a analytical comparison and experimental implementation of different methods used in generating a low phase noise millimeter wave signals is presented. Four techniques were experimented and compared, Multiplication, phase lock loop (PLL), Injection locking (IL), and Injection locking with phase lock loop (ILPLL). The comparison and experimental results of a laboratory discussed.
Transmitting audio via fiber optics under nonlinear effects and optimized tun...IJECEIAES
The ability of fiber optic to overcome the signal transmission problems is making it a dominant transmission medium. Despite of this major positive attribute of optic fibers, there is still a downside for using the fiber optic communication; that is the nonlinearity problem. For the first time, a design of an audio signal is suggested and executed in MATLAB with integration with OptiSystem TM Software .The audio signal then transmitted in different shapes of modulation signals (NRZ, RZ, & RC) for different distances (100 km & 75 km) via a fiber optic media to be received in a receiving part of the simulated system. Three tests are used to do so. The first is the Quality-facto (Q-Factor) against the received power, second test is eye diagram performance and finally is the measuring of the amplitude of output (received) signal for each modulation signal shape using the Oscilloscope Visualizer. The NZR modulation signal was found to be the best one of the three used signals’ types in all three tests. The Q-factor for NRZ pulse shape (=12) was higher than that for RZ (=10) and RC (=8) for a 100 km distance at the same received power level.
Experimental Study for the Different Methods of Generating Millimeter WavesIJERA Editor
In this paper a analytical comparison and experimental implementation of different methods used in generating a low phase noise millimeter wave signals is presented. Four techniques were experimented and compared, Multiplication, phase lock loop (PLL), Injection locking (IL), and Injection locking with phase lock loop (ILPLL). The comparison and experimental results of a laboratory discussed.
Transmitting audio via fiber optics under nonlinear effects and optimized tun...IJECEIAES
The ability of fiber optic to overcome the signal transmission problems is making it a dominant transmission medium. Despite of this major positive attribute of optic fibers, there is still a downside for using the fiber optic communication; that is the nonlinearity problem. For the first time, a design of an audio signal is suggested and executed in MATLAB with integration with OptiSystem TM Software .The audio signal then transmitted in different shapes of modulation signals (NRZ, RZ, & RC) for different distances (100 km & 75 km) via a fiber optic media to be received in a receiving part of the simulated system. Three tests are used to do so. The first is the Quality-facto (Q-Factor) against the received power, second test is eye diagram performance and finally is the measuring of the amplitude of output (received) signal for each modulation signal shape using the Oscilloscope Visualizer. The NZR modulation signal was found to be the best one of the three used signals’ types in all three tests. The Q-factor for NRZ pulse shape (=12) was higher than that for RZ (=10) and RC (=8) for a 100 km distance at the same received power level.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN Standard Using Millimeter Optical Soliton Pulse Generated...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver.
All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using M...University of Malaya (UM)
The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically
generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be
used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single
and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical
soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system
known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a
transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and
separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical
subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through
the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was
propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed.
The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to
55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the
system is analyzed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
TECHNIQUES IN PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF MOBILE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM...Onyebuchi nosiri
Mobile wireless communication providers are expected by their numerous subscribers to provide network that can allow higher data rates, and good voice quality. However, this may be restricted due to some technical problems such as limited availability of radio frequency spectrum, bandwidth, channel capacity, geographical areas and transmission problems caused by various factors like fading and multipath distortion. All these lead to overall system performance degradation. This has led to various studies on how improvement on the performance of wireless communication can be realized using different techniques. This paper is a review of some scholarly works on this subject. To achieve this some recent scholarly articles were accessed online and their findings were highlighted. It was observed that all the articles reviewed had results drawn only from theoretical analysis. Based on this, one of the recommendations is that theoretical analysis should be supported with data obtained from carrying out RF measurements in the field where possible.
The impact of noise on detecting the arrival angle using the root-WSF algorithmTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This article discusses three standards of Wi-Fi: traditional, current and next-generation Wi-Fi. These standards have been tested for their ability to detect the arrival angle of a noisy system. In this study, we chose to work with an intelligent system whose noise becomes more and more important to detect the desired angle of arrival. However, the use of the weighted subspace fitting (WSF) algorithm was able to detect all angles even for the 5th generation Wi-Fi without any problem, and therefore proved its robustness against noise.
5G Coupler Design for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Application IJECEIAES
Aiming to achieve 3-dB coupling, operating in fifth generation (5G) technologies, this paper introduces a new design of tight coupling coupler that will be operated in 5G technologies. Two stubs and two slots have been implemented into the 3-dB coupler design in order to achieve impedance matching between the ports and to give better coupling performances, respectively. Moreover, a study on the stubs’ and slots’ effects towards the S31 of the 3-dB coupler has also been presented in this paper. The proposed coupler is designed on Rogers RO4003C substrate. The simulation results and the analytical study on the stubs and slots implementation show that both stubs and slots affect the performance of the coupling coefficient.
Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching System Using Pico/Femto Second So...University of Malaya (UM)
We propose a system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system. Optical soliton can be simulated and used to generate entangled photon, applicable in single and multiple optical switching. Chaotic signals can be generated via the MRRs system. Therefore continuous spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Polarized photons are formed incorporating the
polarization control unit into the MRRs, which allows different time slot entangled photons to be randomly formed. Results show the single soliton pulse of 0.7 ps where the multi soliton pulse with FSR and FWHM of 0.6 ns and 20 ps are generated using the add/drop filter system. Here Ultra-short single soliton pulse with FWHM=42 fs can be simulated. These pulses are providing required communication signals to generate pair of polarization entangled photons among different time frame where the polarization control unit and polarizer beam splitter (PBS) are connected to the ring resonator system.
Quantum Transmission of Optical Tweezers Via Fiber Optic Using Half-Panda Sys...University of Malaya (UM)
: The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical transmission link in order to transmit tweezers via an optical fiber. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. The input bright soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Throughput nano optical tweezers can be connected to the fiber optic with a length of 100 km, where transmission of tweezers can be performed. The optical receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers. A transmitter system can be used to transmit the tweezers via wired/wireless link to the users in a short communication link. Here the nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm are obtained and transmitted, where the free spectrum range (FSR) of the pulses is 50 nm.
This research is used to control the nonlinear behavior of silicon microring resonators, MRR’s such as chaos and bifurcation. Increasing of nonlinear refractive indices, coupling coefficients and radius of the SMRR leads to descend input power and round trips wherein the bifurcation occurs. As result, bifurcation or chaos behaviors are seen at lower input power of 44 W, where the nonlinear refractive index is n2=3.2×10−20 m2/W. Smallest round trips can be seen for the R=40 µm and 0.1 respectively. Signals from the SMRR are passing through a polarizer beam splitter to generate quantum
binary codes which are used in wireless network communication.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN Standard Using Millimeter Optical Soliton Pulse Generated...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver.
All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using M...University of Malaya (UM)
The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically
generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be
used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single
and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical
soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system
known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a
transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and
separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical
subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through
the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was
propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed.
The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to
55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the
system is analyzed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
TECHNIQUES IN PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF MOBILE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM...Onyebuchi nosiri
Mobile wireless communication providers are expected by their numerous subscribers to provide network that can allow higher data rates, and good voice quality. However, this may be restricted due to some technical problems such as limited availability of radio frequency spectrum, bandwidth, channel capacity, geographical areas and transmission problems caused by various factors like fading and multipath distortion. All these lead to overall system performance degradation. This has led to various studies on how improvement on the performance of wireless communication can be realized using different techniques. This paper is a review of some scholarly works on this subject. To achieve this some recent scholarly articles were accessed online and their findings were highlighted. It was observed that all the articles reviewed had results drawn only from theoretical analysis. Based on this, one of the recommendations is that theoretical analysis should be supported with data obtained from carrying out RF measurements in the field where possible.
The impact of noise on detecting the arrival angle using the root-WSF algorithmTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This article discusses three standards of Wi-Fi: traditional, current and next-generation Wi-Fi. These standards have been tested for their ability to detect the arrival angle of a noisy system. In this study, we chose to work with an intelligent system whose noise becomes more and more important to detect the desired angle of arrival. However, the use of the weighted subspace fitting (WSF) algorithm was able to detect all angles even for the 5th generation Wi-Fi without any problem, and therefore proved its robustness against noise.
5G Coupler Design for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Application IJECEIAES
Aiming to achieve 3-dB coupling, operating in fifth generation (5G) technologies, this paper introduces a new design of tight coupling coupler that will be operated in 5G technologies. Two stubs and two slots have been implemented into the 3-dB coupler design in order to achieve impedance matching between the ports and to give better coupling performances, respectively. Moreover, a study on the stubs’ and slots’ effects towards the S31 of the 3-dB coupler has also been presented in this paper. The proposed coupler is designed on Rogers RO4003C substrate. The simulation results and the analytical study on the stubs and slots implementation show that both stubs and slots affect the performance of the coupling coefficient.
Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching System Using Pico/Femto Second So...University of Malaya (UM)
We propose a system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system. Optical soliton can be simulated and used to generate entangled photon, applicable in single and multiple optical switching. Chaotic signals can be generated via the MRRs system. Therefore continuous spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Polarized photons are formed incorporating the
polarization control unit into the MRRs, which allows different time slot entangled photons to be randomly formed. Results show the single soliton pulse of 0.7 ps where the multi soliton pulse with FSR and FWHM of 0.6 ns and 20 ps are generated using the add/drop filter system. Here Ultra-short single soliton pulse with FWHM=42 fs can be simulated. These pulses are providing required communication signals to generate pair of polarization entangled photons among different time frame where the polarization control unit and polarizer beam splitter (PBS) are connected to the ring resonator system.
Quantum Transmission of Optical Tweezers Via Fiber Optic Using Half-Panda Sys...University of Malaya (UM)
: The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical transmission link in order to transmit tweezers via an optical fiber. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. The input bright soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Throughput nano optical tweezers can be connected to the fiber optic with a length of 100 km, where transmission of tweezers can be performed. The optical receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers. A transmitter system can be used to transmit the tweezers via wired/wireless link to the users in a short communication link. Here the nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm are obtained and transmitted, where the free spectrum range (FSR) of the pulses is 50 nm.
This research is used to control the nonlinear behavior of silicon microring resonators, MRR’s such as chaos and bifurcation. Increasing of nonlinear refractive indices, coupling coefficients and radius of the SMRR leads to descend input power and round trips wherein the bifurcation occurs. As result, bifurcation or chaos behaviors are seen at lower input power of 44 W, where the nonlinear refractive index is n2=3.2×10−20 m2/W. Smallest round trips can be seen for the R=40 µm and 0.1 respectively. Signals from the SMRR are passing through a polarizer beam splitter to generate quantum
binary codes which are used in wireless network communication.
NEW SYSTEM OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL GENERATION BASED ON COUPLING COEFFICIENTS APPLI...University of Malaya (UM)
The nonlinear behavior (chaotic) of light traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator such as an add/drop system
is presented. The chaotic behavior is considered to be a beneficial effect that can be used in the communication
system. Such a system can be used to secure the information signals, therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2 = 3.8 × 10−20 m2
/W, and the 20,000 iterations of round-trip within the system is simulated. The input powers are selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies according to two critical cases, where 0 0.1
and 0.1 1. As a results, larger coupler coefficient corresponds to lower input power for the case of
0 0.1 and smaller coupling coefficient of the system is corresponds to lower input power when
0.1 1. To optimize the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical communication systems.
Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring ResonatorUniversity of Malaya (UM)
In this paper, we propose a system for chaotic signal generation using a microring resonator (MRR) fiber optic system. This system uses a regular laserdiode as input power and can be incorporated with an optical add/drop filter system. When light from the laser diode feedbacks to the fiber ring resonator, the actual chaotic signal is produced by using the appropriate fiber ring resonator parameters and also the laser diode input power. The filtering process of the chaotic signals occurs during the round-trip of the pulse within the ring resonators. The single soliton pulses generation and bandwidth manipulation of the pulse can be performed using the add/drop system. Results obtained have established particular possibilities from the application. The obtained results show the effects of coupling coefficients on the bandwidth of the single soliton pulse, where the chaotic behaviors of the input pulses are presented.
ASK-to-PSK Generation based on Nonlinear Microring Resonators Coupled to One ...University of Malaya (UM)
We present a new concept of ASK-to-PSK generation based on nonlinear microring resonators coupled to one MZI arm by using OptiWave FDTD method. By microring resonator increase from one to three microring (SR to TR), we found that the amplitude shift keying (ASK) are increase exactly and the phase shift keying (PSK) is equal to π.
Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System for Secured and Long Distance Optical ...University of Malaya (UM)
We suggest a new purpose of a security scheme by employing the nonlinear behaviors of temporal dark and bright solitons amongst a micro-ring resonator system for signal security application. The chaotic signal is generated, where the required bright soliton pulse can be recovered and discovered by an add/drop filtering device. By using the reserve ring parameters, simulation results obtained have demonstrated that the soliton conversion can be performed. In application, the chaotic signal is generated and formed by the dark soliton inside a nonlinear micro-ring device. The different temporal soliton response time can be seen, the response times of 169 and 84 ns are mentioned for temporal dark and bright solitons, respectively, which can also be used to figure the security key. The technique of optical conversion can be use to improve the optical communication network systems.
Ultra-short Multi Soliton Generation for Application in Long Distance Commun...University of Malaya (UM)
Generation of picometer optical soliton pulses is investigated using a nonlinear PANDA ring resonator system connecting to an add/drop filter system. The objectives of the research are to employ systems of microring resonator (MRR) to generate binary signals to be carried out along fiber optic communication. Effective parameters such as refractive indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients (), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 600 mW are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=2.6×10−17 m2 W−1. Therefore binary signals generated by the add/drop filter system can be converted to secure codes where the decoding process of the transmitted codes can be obtained at the final step. Here, multi soliton pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 325 could be generated, converted to secure codes and finally detected over 70 km optical fiber communication link.
Chaotic soliton can be generated using a nonlinear PANDA system. The research uses microring resonator
(MRR) to generate and trap chaotic signals along fiber optic communication. The parameters such as refractive
indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients ( ), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 0.45 W are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.3×10−17 m2 W−1
. The generated chaotic signals with Full at Half
Maximum of 24 pm can be transmitted along the fiber optic with length of 195 km. The trapping of chaotic signals can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here signals with 600 fm bandwidth could be trapped within the system.
In this paper, an adaptive control system is employed in a novel implementation technique of feedforward linearization system for optical analog communication systems’ laser transmitter. The adaptive control system applies the Newton trust-region dogleg algorithm, which is a numerical optimization algorithm, to automatically tune the adjustment parameters in the feedforward loops to optimize the feedforward system performance and adapt to process variations. At the end of the paper, significant reductions of over 20 dBm in the third-order intermodulation distortion products have been achieved for operating frequencies from 5.0 to 5.8 GHz.
Nonlinear behaviors of light such as chaos can be observed during propagation of a Gaussian laser beam inside a single ring resonator system. Chaotic signals can be employed to generate data of logic codes to be transmitted along the fiber optic communication. Controlling of the chaotic signals can be implemented by the parameter of the system such as coupling coefficient, the ring’s radius, coupling loss and input power. The central wavelength of the input Gaussian laser pulse has been selected to λ0=1550 nm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.4×10−13 m2 W−1. Therefore the data of logic codes generated by the single ring resonator system can be converted to transmitting secured codes where the decoding process of the transmitted codes can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here generation of logic code of “101010101011010101011101011110101101010101010110101” is performed, encoded and decoded over 50 km fiber optics. Thus secured transmitting of signals can be obtained along the long distance fiber
communication.
Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Netw...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of Half-Panda microring resonator (MRR) is proposed to generate ultra-short nanometer (nm)
optical tweezers. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Molecules or photons transport within the system when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. Nano optical tweezers can be generated and used to many applications in optical communication networks. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 9 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.
Decimal Convertor Application for Optical Wireless Communication by Generatin...University of Malaya (UM)
Two systems consist of microring resonators (MRRs) and an add/drop filter are used to generate signals as localized multi wavelengths. Quantum dense encoding
can be performed by output signals of selected wavelengths incorporated to a polarization control system. Therefore dark and bright optical soliton pulses
with different time slot are generated. They can be converted into digital logic quantum codes using a decimal convertor system propagating along a wireless networks. Results show that multi soliton wavelength, ranged from 1.55 m to 1.56 m with FWHM and FSR of 10 pm and 600 pm can be generated respectively. Keywords- Micro Ring Resonator, Quantum Dense Coding (QDC), Wireless network communication system.
Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweez...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presented to generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/drop filter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ring on the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulse of optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where the input Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop port of the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connected to a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can be used to generate high capacity quantum codes within series of MRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signals known as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system. Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an optical communication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm, 1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the system respectively. These results used to be transmitted through a quantum signal processor via an optical computer network communication link.
Secured Transportation of Quantum Codes Using Integrated PANDA-Add/drop and T...University of Malaya (UM)
New system of quantum cryptography for communication networks is proposed. Multi optical Soliton can be generated and propagated via an add/drop interferometer system incorporated with a time division multiple access (TDMA) system. Here the transportation of quantum codes is performed. Chaotic output signals from the PANDA ring resonator are inserted into the add/drop filter system. Using the add/drop filter system multi dark and bright solitons can be obtained and used to generate entangled quantum codes for internet security. In this research soliton pulses with FWHM and FSR of 325 pm and 880 nm are generated, respectively.
The microring resonator (MRR) system can be used to trap optical solitons. These types of pulses are used to generate entangled photon required for quantum keys. The required information can be provided via the quantum keys. We simulate localized spatial and temporal soliton pulses to form an optical communication used in wireless systems. The input soliton pulses with peak power of 500 and 550 mW are used to generate a spectrum of chaotic signals within the nonlinear medium, where the nonlinear refractive index is selected to n2=2.2 x 10-17m2/W. The ultra-short soliton pulse can be trapped within the 3.52 GHz frequency, where the temporal soliton pulse with FWHM of 25 ps could be simulated and used to generate entangled photon pair. The generated entangled photons are input into a wireless router system which is used to transfer them within a network communication system. The router system is used to receive the information and convert it to analog signals at the end of the transmission link, thus data can be sent to the users via a secured optical communication system using MRRs.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Frequency-Wavelength Trapping by Integrated Ring Resonators For Secured Netwo...University of Malaya (UM)
Optical pulse trapping via a series of microring resonator (MRR) is presented. Large bandwidth of optical soliton is generated by input pulse propagating within the MRRs. Distinguished discrete wavelength or frequency pulses can be generated by using localized spatial pulses via a networks communication system. Quantum codes can be generated by using a polarization control unit and a beam splitter, incorporating to the MRRs. Here frequency band of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm and 2489 nm are localized and obtained and used for quantum codes generation applicable for secured networks communication.
Energy Efficiency of MIMO-OFDM Communication SystemIJERA Editor
With the ever increasing number of subscribers and their seemingly “greedy” demands for high-data-rate services, the next generation networks will have to provide global connectivity to ensure success. So the combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as a promising solution for enhancing the data rates of next-generation wireless communication systems operating in frequency-selective fading environments. Therefore hybrid architecture between terrestrial and satellite networks based on MIMO-OFDM with frequency reuse is employed here. However, this frequency reuse introduces severe co-channel interference (CCI) at the satellite end. To mitigate CCI, we propose an OFDM based adaptive beamformer implemented on-board the satellite with pilot reallocation at the transmitter side. The system performance is simulated by using the software MATLAB, the experimental result shows that the MIMO-OFDM communication system has better performance when compared.
THE PERFORMANCE OF CONVOLUTIONAL CODING BASED COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION: RELAYIJCNCJournal
Wireless communication faces adversities due to noise, fading, and path loss. Multiple-Input MultipleOutput (MIMO) systems are used to overcome individual fading effect by employing transmit diversity. Duo to user single-antenna, Cooperation between at least two users is able to provide spatial diversity. This paper presents the evaluation of the performances of the Amplify and Forward (AF) cooperative system for different relay positions using several network topologies over Rayleigh and Rician fading channel. Furthermore, we present the performances of AF cooperative system with various power allocation. The results show that cooperative communication with convolutional coding shows an outperformance compared to the non-convolutional, which is a promising solution for high data-rate networks such as (WSN), Ad hoc, (IoT), and even mobile networks. When topologies are compared, the simulation shows that, linear topology offers the best BER performance, in contrast when the relay acts as source and the source take the relay place, the analysis result shows that, equilateral triangle topology has the best BER performance and stability, and the system performance with inter-user Rician fading channel is better than the performance of the system with inter-user Rayleigh fading channel.
IMPROVEMENT OF LTE DOWNLINK SYSTEM PERFORMANCES USING THE LAGRANGE POLYNOMIAL...IJCNCJournal
To achieve a high speed data rate, higher spectral efficiency, improved services and low latency the 3rd
generation partnership project designed LTE standard (Long Term Evolution).the LTE system employs
specific technical as well the technical HARQ, MIMO transmission, OFDM Access or estimation technical.
In this paper we focus our study on downlink LTE channel estimation and specially the interpolation which
is the basis of the estimation of the channel coefficients. Thus, we propose an adaptive method for polynomial interpolation based on Lagrange polynomial. We perform the Downlink LTE system MIMO transmission then compare the obtained results with linear, Sinus Cardinal and polynomial Newton Interpolations. The simulation results show that the Lagrange method outperforms system performance in term of Block Error Rate (BLER) , throughput and EVN(%)vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Evaluation of BER in LTE System using Various Modulation Techniques over diff...ijtsrd
Wireless communication is one of the mainly active areas of tools progress and has become an ever more essential and prominent part of everyday life. Simulation of wireless channels accurately is very important for the intend and performance evaluation of wireless communication systems and components. We evaluated the act of available transmission modes in LTE. However, performance analysis can be done straightforward using evaluation of LTE. The performance of transmission modes are evaluated by calculating probability of Bit Error Rate BER versus Signal Noise Ratio SNR under the frequently used three wireless channel models AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician . We will consider the data modulation and data rate to analyze performance that is BER vs. SNR. A comparative analysis of QPSK and 16QAM, 32 QAM and 64 QAM will also provide knowledge base which helps for application development in real world. Parvesh Kumar | Shalini Bhadola | Kirti Bhatia ""Evaluation of BER in LTE System using Various Modulation Techniques over different Modulation Schemes"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23315.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23315/evaluation-of-ber-in-lte-system-using-various-modulation-techniques-over-different-modulation-schemes/parvesh-kumar
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY CLASSIFICATION USING TECHNOLOGIES OF COMPUTATIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Texture information is exploited for classification of HSI (Hyperspectral Imagery) at high spatial resolution. For this purpose, framework employs to LBP (Local Binary Pattern) to extract local image features such as edges, corners & spots. After the extraction of LBP feature two levels of fusions are applied along with Gabor feature & spectral feature, i.e. Feature level fusion & Decision level fusion. In Feature level fusion multiple features are concurred before pattern classification. While in decision level fusion, it works on probability output of each individual classification pipeline combines the distinct decisions into final one. Decision level fusion consists of either hard fusion, soft fusion method. In hard fusion we consider majority part & in soft fusion linear logarithmic opinion pool at probability level (LOGP). In addition to this, extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier is included which is more efficient than support vector machine (SVM), used to provide probability classification output. It has simple structure with one hidden layer & one linear output layer. ELM trained much faster than SVM.
The aim of this paper is to determine the viability of Indoor Optical Wireless Communication System. This paper introduces Visible Light Communication along with its merits, demerits and applications. Then the main characteristics of VLC system are described, around which the project is designed. Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) technique is used in the project in order to enhance the data rate of transmission. Instead of using a system of only one LED and one APD, which transmits only one bit at a time, a system of 4 LEDs and 4 APDs is introduced, which increases the data rates by 300% from the previous case. We observe the signal, noise, SNR, BER etc. across the room dimension. Finally, in the last chapter we summarize our results on the basis of MATLAB simulations and propose some modifications to this model that can be implemented in future.
Performance evaluation of VLC system using new modulation approachjournalBEEI
We propose a modified OFDM modulation based on multiband scheme for visible light communications (VLC) system. The method called catenated-OFDM VLC system can efficiently boost the propagation distance and combat multipath induced the inter symbol interference and inter carrier interference. Design parameters such as number of optical bands, input power, distance and data rate are varied to see their effect on the system performances. Simulation analysis is done using Optisys software Ver. 11.0. The results show that the proposed system offers a good performance at longer transmission distance of 12 m for input power of 2 dBm in case of Band=3 with 10 Gbps data rate. BER curves also indicates that the proposed system can be operated at very high data rate of 15 Gbps. This exhibits the ability of the proposed system to be one of the candidate for future optical wireless communication system.
Tunable and Storage Potential Wells using Microring Resonator System for Bioc...University of Malaya (UM)
In this work, we propose the technique that can be used to trap/delivery bio-cell by using the concept of dark solitons and potential well, in which the trapping force is formed by using the intense optical vortices generated within the series ring and the PANDA ring resonator, the microscopic bio-cell can be trapped and moved dynamically, in which the valley of the dark soliton is generated and controlled within the PANDA ring resonator by the control port signals.
All-optical logic XOR/XNOR gate operation using microring and nanoring reson...University of Malaya (UM)
In this paper, a novel system of simultaneous optical logic AND and OR gates using dark -bright soliton conversion within the add/drop optical filter system is proposed. The input logic „0‟ and control logic „0‟ are formed by using the dark soliton pulse (D) trains. By using the dark-bright soliton conversion behavior within the π/2 phase shift device, we found that the simultaneous optical logic AND and OR gates at the drop and through ports can be randomly formed, respectively.
Simulation and Analysis of Multisoliton Generation Using a PANDA Ring Resonat...University of Malaya (UM)
A novel system of multisoliton generation using nonlinear equations of the propagating signals is presented. This system uses a PANDA ring resonator incorporated with an add/drop filter system. Using resonant conditions, the intense optical fields known as multisolitons can be generated and propagated within a Kerr-type nonlinear medium. The present simulation results show that multisolitons can be controlled by using additional Gaussian pulses input into the add port of the PANDA system. For the soliton pulse in the microring device, a balance should be achieved between dispersion and nonlinear lengths. Chaotic output signals from the PANDA ring resonator are input into the add/drop filter system. Chaotic signals can be filtered by using the add/drop filter system, in which multi dark and bright solitons can be generated. In this work multi dark and bright solitons with an FWHM and an FSR of 425pm and 1.145 nm are generated, respectively, where the Gaussian pulse with a central wavelength of 1.55 μm and power of 600 mW is input into the system.
In this study an interesting system in which a bright and dark soliton pulse can be stopped inside a nonlinear waveguide is presented. Here, we propose a system consisting of a series of ring resonators for optical trapping within a nonlinear waveguide. The bright and dark solitons can be controlled and slowed down within the waveguide. The FWHM for the output signals are calculated and used as an optical memory. Bright and dark soliton behaviors within a micro and nano ring resonator are also investigated and described. The required pulse is filtered and amplified, can be controlled and localized within the system. The localized bright and dark solitons are stopped by controlling the input power,which means that the photon stopping can be controlled by light in a ring resonator.
We propose a novel system of the dynamic optical tweezers generated by a dark soliton in the fiber optic loop. A dark soliton known as an optical tweezer is amplified and tuned within the microring resonator (MRR) system. The required tunable tweezers with different widthsand powers can be controlled. The analysis of dark-bright soliton conversion using a dark soliton pulse propagating within a MRR is analyzed. The control dark soliton is input into the system via the add port of the add/drop filter. The dynamic behavior of the dark-brightsoliton conversion is observed. The required stable signal is obtained via a drop and throughput ports of the add/drop filter with some suitable parameters. In application, generation of optical tweezers and transportation can be realized by using the proposed system, where the communication network is performed.
A molecular cryptography technique using optical tweezers, is proposed. The optical tweezer transports the molecules in the communication system. The optical tweezer generated by the dark soliton is in the form of a potential well. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear microring resonator (NMRR). Transportation of molecules is implemented when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. The input bright soliton control the output signal at the drop port of the system. Output optical tweezers can be connected to the quantum signal processing system consisting of transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter is used to generate the high capacity quantum codes within the series of MRR’s and anadd/drop filter. The receiver will detect the encoded signals known as quantum bits. The transmitter will generate the entangled photon pair which propagates via an optical communication link. Here the smallest optical tweezer with respect to the full width at half maximum FWHM is 17.6 nm in the formof potential well is obtained and transmitted through quantum signal processor via an optical link.
Long Distance Communication Using Localized Optical Soliton via Entangled Ph...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) is presented to generation entangled photon. Different time slot for continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) use is applicable in optical wireless link. Chaotic behavior of a soliton pulse within the device can be presented respect to the Kerr nonlinear type of light in the MRR devices. Continuous spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. The CVQKD is formed using the localized spatial soliton pulse. Here localized temporal soliton with FWHM and FSR of 0.2 ps and 0.58 ns is obtained respectively. The spatial soliton pulse has a FWHM of 80 pm. Transmission of soliton pulse with FWHM of 1.5 ps is simulated along the long distance fiber optics where the polarized photons are formed incorporating with the polarization control unit into the MRRs, which allows different time slot entangled photons to be randomly formed.
The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical quantum signal processing system in order to transmit quantum photon via an optical communication link. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Transportation of molecules or photons is implemented when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. The input Gaussian soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Output nano optical tweezers can be connected to the quantum signal processing system consisting of a receiver and transmitter. The receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers and transmit them via wired/wireless as quantum bits. The transmitter will generate the entangled photon pair which propagates via an optical communication link. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4.2 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.
Generation and wired/wireless transmission of IEEE802.16m signal using solito...University of Malaya (UM)
Multi-carrier generation is the main building block for generating WiMax signal. In order to use WiMax signal in radio over fiber applications the use of all
optical generation of RF signals is required. To generate multi carriers optically, the system consisting ofseries of microring resonators (MRRs)
incorporating with an add/drop filter system are used. Thus the high frequency (THz) solitons range of 193.29–193.35 THz at frequencies of 193.333,
193.3355 and 193.3388 THz with the free spectralrange of 2.5 and 5.8 GHz could be performed using MRRs, providing required WiMax signal used in
wired/wireless communication. The generated multi carriers are multiplexed with the single carrier soliton and transmitted through single mode fiber (SMF)
after being beaten to photodiode, a WiMax signal is propagated wirelessly in transmitter antenna base station and is received by the second antenna located
in the receiver.
Transmission of data with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing techniqu...University of Malaya (UM)
Microring resonators (MRRs) can be used to generate optical millimetre-wave solitons with a broadband frequency of
40–60 GHz. Non-linear light behaviours within MRRs, such as chaotic signals, can be used to generate logic codes (digital
codes). The soliton signals can be multiplexed and modulated with the logic codes using an orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) technique to transmit the data via a network system. OFDM uses overlapping subcarriers without
causing inter-carrier interference. It provides both a high data rate and symbol duration using frequency division multiplexing
over multiple subcarriers within one channel. The results show that MRRs support both single-carrier and multi-carrier optical
soliton pulses, which can be used in an OFDM based on whether fast Fourier transform or discrete wavelet transform
transmission/receiver system. Localised ultra-short soliton pulses within frequencies of 50 and 52 GHz can be seen at the
throughput port of the panda system with respect to full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and free spectrum range of 5 MHz
and 2 GHz, respectively. The soliton pulses with FWHMs of 10 MHz could be generated at the drop port. Therefore,
transmission of data information can be performed via a communication network using soliton pulse carriers and an OFDM
technique.
A system of microring resonator (MRR) conected to an optical panda ring
resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 57-61 GHz frequency band can be
generated and used for aplications in optical communications. The system uses a Gausian
laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The ultra short single and multi
optical soliton pulses within the range of 57-61 GHz can be generated and sen at he through
and drop ports of the system. This range is aplicable for a short distance optical
communication such as indor systems. The generated optical soliton pulses have the
bandwidth of 5 and 20 MHz.
In this study we explain the optical bistability phenomena in a nonlinear fiber optic ring resonator which consists of a single microring resonator connecting to a single coupler to show the benefit of light propagating within a nonlinear medium. In such a way, nonlinear behaviors of the output signals from a fiber optic ring resonator such as the bistability have been investigated with an iterative method using an input Gaussian beam. Here, we present the dynamic simulation of light travelling in a fiber optic coupled with a Single coupler.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission within an Optical Fiber Communication Link
1. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
e-ISSN: 2278-4861.Volume 3, Issue 1 (Jan. - Feb. 2013), PP 52-57
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 52 | Page
Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission within
an Optical Fiber Communication Link
I. S. Amiri 1*
, A. Nikoukar 2
, J. Ali 1
1
Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Computer Science & Information Systems (FCSIS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300
Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Abstract: The nonlinear behavior of light such as chaos traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator as a single
ring resonator is presented. This phenomenon can be used to generate secret codes or arbitrary digital codes of
"0" and "1" applicable in the communication system such as time division multiple access (TDMA) system. Such
a system can be used to secure the information signals therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in
a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable
parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2=3.8 × 10−20
m2
/W. The input power is
selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies as 1.00 . As a result, train of logic
codes could be generated and transmitted via a fiber communication link using the chaotic signals. To optimize
the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical
communication systems
Keywords: Chaotic communication; Logic Codes; TDMA system; Optical Soliton Transmission
I. Introduction
Nonlinear behaviors of light traveling in a fiber optic ring resonator are commonly induced by the
effects such as Kerr effects [1-4], four-wave mixing, and the external nonlinear pumping power [5]. Such
nonlinear behaviors are named as chaos, bistability, and bifurcation [6]. More details of such behaviors in a
microring resonator are clearly described by Amiri et al [7]. However, apart from the penalties of the nonlinear
behaviors of light traveling in the fiber ring resonator [8-9], there are some benefits that can be used in the
communication system [10]. One of them known as chaotic behavior that has been used to make the benefit of
communication system in either electronic or optical communications [11-13]. Fortunately, most of the previous
investigations are shown in mathematical ways, where the practical applications could be implemented [14-16].
For instance, the chaotic control input power [17-20] into the system is equal to the standard communication
light source used in the system, and the implemented fiber optic devices are in the fabrication scales [21-23].
This means the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is valid [24-26]. Recently,
Amiri et al. have reported the successful characterization of the microring resonator with a radius of micron
meters [27-28] using the optical materials called InGaAsP/InP [29-31], which are suitable for use in the practical
devices and systems [32-33].
Amiri et al have also shown that an add/drop device could be constructed using a microring resonator,
where the device characteristics have shown that they are suitable to implement in the practical communication
system [34-35]. In practical applications, the microring resonator and add/drop device parameters are required to
make them within the ranges of the usual fabrication parameters [36-39]. This paper presents the design of the
system of the chaotic signal generation that uses the practical device parameters. Such a system can be used to
secure the information signals [40-41], where the tapping of the signals from the optical communication link is
extremely difficult [42-44]. The results obtained have shown that the device parameters used have good
potentials for practical applications. The analogy of the chaotic signal generation using fiber ring resonator and
the related behaviors is described. This research is supported by the Institute of Advanced Photonics Science,
Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).
II. THEORY AND SYSTEM
A ring resonator configuration is shown in figure 1, where the circumference of the fiber ring is L [45-
48]. The input and output signals are given by Ein and Eout respectively.
2. Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission Within an Optical Fiber Communication
www.iosrjournals.org 53 | Page
Fig. 1: A diagram of a fiber optic ring resonator
Here, the input light of the monochromatic diode laser is inserted into the system [49-54]. The input
light of Gaussian beams can be expressed as [55-59],
ti
L
x
EtE
D
in 00 )
2
(exp)( (1)
0E and x are the amplitude of optical field and propagation distance respectively [60-63]. LD is the dispersion
length of the soliton pulse [64-67] where, frequency shift of the signal is ω0 [68-70]. When a soliton pulse is
input and propagated within a microring resonator, the resonant output is formed, thus, optical circuits of the
system can be given by [71-73],
)
2
(sin114)111(
))1(1(
1)1(
)(
)(
22
2
2
xx
x
tE
tE
in
out (2)
is the coupling coefficient [74], and x=exp(-αL/2) represents a round-trip loss coefficient [75], Φ0=kLn0 [76]
and ΦNL=kLn2|Ein|2
are the linear and nonlinear phase shifts [77-78] and k=2/ is the wave propagation number
in a vacuum [79]. L and α are a waveguide length and linear absorption coefficient, respectively [80-82]. The
parameters of the system were fixed to be λ0=1.55μm, n0 =3.34 [83-85], Aeff is the effective mode core area of the
fiber [86-88], where Aeff=30μm2
, the fiber losses α=0.02dB/km [89-90]. The fractional coupler intensity loss is
γ=0.01 [91-92], and R=12.5μm. The coupling coefficient varies regarding to the input power [93-94]. The
nonlinear refractive indices ranged from n2=3.8×10−20
m2
/W, and the 20,000 iterations of round-trips inside the
optical fiber is simulated [95].
III. Results And Discussion
The input power is maximized at 1 W, where the output power is varied directly with the coupling
coefficient. Thus, the chaotic signal can be generated and controlled by varying the coupling coefficients, where
the required output power is obtained. Here, the coupling coefficient ranges as 1.00 . Figure 2 shows the
output chaotic signals generated for a variety of coupling coefficients, where the coupling coefficients vary from
02.0 to 085.0 . The figure 2 (a) shows the output signal in terms of round-trip, where the figure 2(b-e)
show the output signals reverence to different coupling coefficients. Therefore, larger coupler coefficient
corresponds to lower input power which is required in many applications in optical switching and optical
communication systems.
Fig. 2: Generation of chaotic signals when 1.00 , (a): output signal versus number of round-trips, (b):
Output chaotic signal where 02.0 , (c): Output chaotic signal where 045.0 , (d): Output chaotic signal
where 085.0
3. Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission Within an Optical Fiber Communication
www.iosrjournals.org 54 | Page
The chaotic signals can be used to generate information of binary codes where the encoding and
decoding of data can be performed via a TDMA system. This system will encode the binary logic codes of “0”
and “1” and transmit them via fiber optic communication, where the decoding process is performed at the end of
the transmission link. The schematic of the TDMA system is shown in figure 3, in which transmission of chaotic
signals for communication networks can be obtained. Thus by using arbitrary digital coding, different signal
information propagate in the network communication via a TDMA transmission system. This system uses data
in the form of secured codes to be transferred to single users via different lengths of the fiber optic line to the
TDMA transmitter.
Fig. 3: Schematic of the TDMA system
Therefore, digital code information can be shared between users in different time slots. The
transmission unit is a part of the quantum processing system that can be used to transfer the high capacity packet
of quantum codes. Moreover, a high capacity of data can be transferred by using more wavelength carriers.
Here, transmission of arbitrary digital codes of "1111000000101001111000000000000011000000000001" is
performed. Figure 4 shows the forms of transmitting signals in the optical fiber communication system.
Fig. 4: Transmitting of digital codes where (a): Binary codes, (b): Secured codes, (c), Transmitted codes over 125
km fiber optics, (d) decoded signals into original signals.
Therefore, transmission of data along fiber network communication is performed using chaotic signals.
The security scheme of the transmission can be obtained by encoding-decoding of data where the high capacity
of transmission requires highly optical signals such as chaotic signal which is employed whether it is used as
optical carrier or optical information.
IV. Conclusion
We have proposed the optical microring resonator system that uses critical parameters such as coupling
coefficient to generate and control the output signals in the form of chaotic signals. Here, the common nonlinear
penalty in the fiber optic microring resonator is presented. By using the chaotic signal generation system, the
information or data, in an optical communication and transmission link can be secured and used for a public
4. Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission Within an Optical Fiber Communication
www.iosrjournals.org 55 | Page
network. The chaotic signals can be encoded and decoded within a communication network system such as a
TDMA system. Therefore secret codes travel within the optical fiber communication, where the detection of the
signals can be performed using the TDMA system. This technique is used to transfer the information along long
distance fiber communication which is a promising application in nano digital communication especially when a
soliton pulse is employed.
Acknowledgements
I. S. Amiri would like to thank the Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research
Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).
REFERENCES
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[4] I. S. Amiri, A. Shahidinejad, A. Nikoukar, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, A Study oF Dynamic Optical Tweezers Generation For
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soliton via nonlinear system, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[7] I. S. Amiri, R. Ahsan, A. Shahidinejad, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Characterisation of bifurcation and chaos in silicon microring
resonator, IET Communications, 6(16), 2012, 2671-2675.
[8] J. Ali, K. Kulsirirat, W. Techithdeera, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, I. Naim, and P. P. Yupapin, Temporal dark soliton behavior within
multi-ring resonators, presented at the Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, Malaysia
2010.
[9] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, A. Shahidinejad, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, Generation of discrete frequency and wavelength for secured
computer networks system using integrated ring resonators, in Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE) Conference,
Malaysia, 2012, 775-778.
[10] I. S. Amiri, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, Security Enhancement of the Optical Signal Communication using Binary Codes Generated by
Optical Tweezers, Chinese Journal of Physics, 2013.
[11] J. Ali, A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, M. Kouhnavard, and P. P. Yupapin, Generation of continuous optical spectrum by soliton
into a nano-waveguide, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[12] J. Ali, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, and P. P. Yupapin, MRR quantum dense coding, presented at the Nanotech Malaysia, International
Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, KLCC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2010.
[13] J. Ali, A. Afroozeh, M. Hamdi, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, M. Kouhnavard, and P. Yupapin, Optical bistability behaviour in a double-
coupler ring resonator, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[14] J. Ali, K. Raman, A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, I. N. Nawi, and P. P. Yupapin, Generation of DSA for security application,
presented at the 2nd International Science, Social Science, Engineering Energy Conference (I-SEEC 2010), Nakhonphanom,
Thailand, 2010.
[15] P. P. Yupapin, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, I. Naim, and J. Ali, New Communication Bands Generated by Using a Soliton Pulse within a
Resonator System, Circuits and Systems, 1(2), 2010, 71-75.
[16] M. Kouhnavard, I. S. Amiri, M. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, QKD via a quantum wavelength router using spatial
soliton, in Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano) Conference, Malaysia, 2010, 210-216.
[17] J. Ali, S. Saktioto, M. Hamdi, and I. S. Amiri, Dynamic silicon dioxide fiber coupling polarized by voltage breakdown, presented at
the Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[18] M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Finesse Improvements of Light Pulses within MRR
System, in Faculty of Science Postgraduate Conference (FSPGC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2010.
[19] N. J. Ridha, F. K. Mohamad, I. S. Amiri, Saktioto, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Controlling Center Wavelength and Free Spectrum
Range by MRR Radii presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
2010.
[20] A. A. Shojaei and I. S. Amiri, DSA for Secured Optical Communication, presented at the International Conference for
Nanomaterials Synthesis and Characterization (INSC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2011.
[21] M. Imran, R. A. Rahman, and I. S. Amiri, Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Element using Direct Writing CO2 Laser Irradiation, in
Faculty of Science Postgraduate Conference (FSPGC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2010
[22] S. Saktioto, S. Daud, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, and P. P. Yupapin, FBG sensing system for outdoor temperature measurement,
presented at the ICEM, Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[23] A. Shahidinejad, A. Nikoukar, I. S. Amiri, M. Ranjbar, A. Shojaei, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, Network system engineering by
controlling the chaotic signals using silicon micro ring resonator, in Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE)
Conference, Malaysia, 2012, 765-769.
[24] J. Ali, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, and P. Yupapin, Novel system of fast and slow light generation using
micro and nano ring resonators, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[25] I. S. Amiri, G. Vahedi, A. Shojaei, A. Nikoukar, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Secured Transportation of Quantum Codes Using
Integrated PANDA-Add/drop and TDMA Systems, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 1(5).
2012.
[26] M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, New system of Chaotic Signal Generation Using
MRR, presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
5. Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission Within an Optical Fiber Communication
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[27] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, and M. Bahadoran, Simulation and Analysis of Multisoliton Generation Using a PANDA Ring Resonator
System, Chinese Physics Letters, 28, 2011, 104205.
[28] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, A. Shahidinejad, M. Ranjbar, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using
Extremely Narrow Optical Tweezers for Computer Network Communication, GSTF Journal on Computing (joc), 2(1), 2012.
[29] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Kouhnavard, M. Bahadoran, M. A. Jalil, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Dark and Bright Soliton trapping
using NMRR, presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[30] J. Ali, A. Mohamad, I. Nawi, I. S. Amiri, M. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, and P. Yupapin, Stopping a dark soliton pulse within an NNRR,
presented at the AMN-APLOC International Conference, Wuhan, China 2010.
[31] S. Saktioto, S. Daud, J. Ali, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, and P. P. Yupapin, FBG simulation and experimental temperature measurement,
presented at the ICEM, Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[32] I. S. Amiri, M. H. Khanmirzaei, M. Kouhnavard, and S. Mitatha, Quantum cryptography via a wavelength router for internet security,
Piers Proceeding, Cambridge, 2010.
[33] I. S. Amiri, M. Nikmaram, A. Shahidinejad, and J. Ali, Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching System Using Pico/Femto
Second Soliton Pulse, International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), 5(1), 2012, 176-184.
[34] I. S. Amiri, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Enhancement of FSR and Finesse Using Add/Drop Filter and PANDA Ring Resonator
Systems, International Journal of Modern Physics B, 26(04), 2012.
[35] I. S. Amiri, S. Babakhani, G. Vahedi, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System for Secured and Long
Distance Optical Communication, IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 2(1), 2012, 43-48.
[36] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Kouhnavard, M. Bahadoran, M. A. Jalil, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Optical Memory Time using Multi
Bright Soliton, presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[37] J. Ali, I. S. Amiri, M. Jalil, M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, I. Naim, and P. Yupapin, Narrow UV pulse generation using MRR and
NRR system, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[38] J. Ali, M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, and P. P. Yupapin, Optical bistability in a FORR, presented at the
ICEM, Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[39] A. A. Shojaei and I. S. Amiri, Soliton for Radio wave generation, presented at the International Conference for Nanomaterials
Synthesis and Characterization (INSC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2011.
[40] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Generation Of Quantum Codes Using Up And Down Link Optical Solition,
Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), 55, 2012, 97-106.
[41] J. Ali, M. Kouhnavard, M. A. Jalil, and I. S. Amiri, Quantum signal processing via an optical potential well, presented at the
Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2010.
[42] I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard , J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Controlling Center Wavelength and Free Spectrum
Range by MRR Radii, in Faculty of Science Postgraduate Conference (FSPGC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2010.
[43] J. Ali, A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, and P. P. Yupapin, Dark and Bright Soliton trapping using NMRR, presented at the
ICEM, Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[44] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, G. Vahedi, A. Shojaei, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, Frequency-Wavelength Trapping by Integrated Ring
Resonators For Secured Network and Communication Systems, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT), 1(5), 2012.
[45] J. Ali, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, and P. P. Yupapin, Dark-bright solitons conversion system via an add/drop filter for signal security
application, presented at the ICEM, Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[46] I. S. Amiri, A. Shahidinejad, A. Nikoukar, M. Ranjbar, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Digital Binary Codes Transmission via TDMA
Networks Communication System Using Dark and Bright Optical Soliton, GSTF Journal on Computing (joc), 2(1), 2012.
[47] J. Ali, M. Roslan, M. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, I. Nawi, and P. Yupapin, DWDM enhancement in micro and nano waveguide,
presented at the AMN-APLOC International Conference, Wuhan, China, 2010.
[48] I. S. Amiri, K. Raman, A. Afroozeh, M. A. Jalil, I. N. Nawi, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Generation of DSA for security application,
Procedia Engineering, 8, 2011, 360-365.
[49] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, M. Kouhnavard, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Multi Soliton Generation for Enhance Optical
Communication, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 83, 2011, 136-140.
[50] J. Ali, I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, M. Jalil, and P. Yupapin, Simultaneous dark and bright soliton trapping using
nonlinear MRR and NRR, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Malaysia, 2010.
[51] J. Ali, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, F. K. Mohamad, and P. P. Yupapin, Optical dark and bright soliton generation and amplification,
presented at the Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[52] I. S. Amiri, M. H. Khanmirzaei, M. Kouhnavard, P. P. Yupapin, and J. Ali, Quantum Entanglement using Multi Dark Soliton
Correlation for Multivariable Quantum Router, in Quantum Entanglement, A. M. Moran, Ed., New York: Nova Science Publisher,
2012.
[53] A. Nikoukar, I. S. Amiri, and J. Ali, Secured Binary Codes Generation for Computer Network Communication, presented at the
Network Technologies & Communications (NTC) Conference, Singapore, 2010-2011.
[54] C. Tanaram, C. Teeka, R. Jomtarak, P. P. Yupapin, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, and J. Ali, ASK-to-PSK generation based on nonlinear
microring resonators coupled to one MZI arm, Procedia Engineering, 8, 2011, 432-435.
[55] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, A. Samavati, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, THz frequency generation using MRRs for THz imaging, in Enabling
Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano) Conference, Malaysia, 2012, 1-2.
[56] J. Ali, I. S. Amiri, A. Jalil, A. Kouhnavard, B. Mitatha, and P. Yupapin, Quantum internet via a quantum processor, presented at the
International Conference on Photonics (ICP 2010), Langkawi, Malaysia 2010.
[57] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, I. N. Nawi, M. A. Jalil, A. Mohamad, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Dark Soliton Array for communication
security, Procedia Engineering, 8, 2011, 417-422.
[58] N. J. Ridha, F. K. Mohamad, I. S. Amiri, Saktioto, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Soliton Signals and The Effect of Coupling Coefficient
in MRR Systems, presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[59] N. Suwanpayak, S. Songmuang, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, I. Naim, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Tunable and storage potential wells using
microring resonator system for bio-cell trapping and delivery, in Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano) Conference,
2010, 289-291.
[60] J. Ali, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, and P. P. Yupapin, Multi-soliton generation and storage for nano optical
network using nano ring resonators, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
2010.
[61] J. Ali, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, and P. P. Yupapin, Effects of MRR parameter on the bifurcation behavior, presented at the Nanotech
Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2010.
6. Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission Within an Optical Fiber Communication
www.iosrjournals.org 57 | Page
[62] I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, F. K. Mohamad, N. J. Ridha, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Storage of Optical Soliton Wavelengths Using
NMRR, presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[63] M. Bahadoran, I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Analytical Vernier Effect for Silicon Panda Ring Resonator,
presented at the National Science Postgraduate Conference, NSPC, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2011.
[64] A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Effect of Center Wavelength on MRR Performance,
in Faculty of Science Postgraduate Conference (FSPGC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2010.
[65] J. Ali, K. Raman, M. Kouhnavard, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, and P. P. Yupapin, Dark soliton array for communication
security, presented at the AMN-APLOC International Conference, Wuhan, China, 2011.
[66] M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Soliton Signals and the Effect of Coupling
Coefficient in MRR Systems, in Faculty of Science Postgraduate Conference (FSPGC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2010.
[67] C. Teeka, S. Songmuang, R. Jomtarak, P. P. Yupapin, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, and J. Ali, ASK to PSK Generation based on Nonlinear
Microring Resonators Coupled to One MZI Arm, in International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology, EsciNano,
2011, 221-223.
[68] J. Ali, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, M. Hamdi, F. K. Mohamad, N. J. Ridha, and P. P. Yupapin, Proposed molecule transporter system for
qubits generation, presented at the Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, Malaysia 2010.
[69] J. Ali, M. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, I. Naim, and P. Yupapin, Multi-wavelength narrow pulse generation using
MRR, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[70] I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, F. K. Mohamad, N. J. Ridha, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Storage of Atom/Molecules/Photon using Optical
Potential Wells, presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[71] J. Ali, M. Kouhnavard, I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. A. Jalil, I. Naim, and P. P. Yupapin, Localization of soliton pulse using nano-
waveguide, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[72] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. Bahadoran, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Up and Down Link of Soliton for Network Communication,
presented at the National Science Postgraduate Conference, NSPC, Malaysia, 2011.
[73] D. Gifany, I. S. Amiri, M. Ranjbar, and J. Ali, Logic Codes Generation and Transmission Using an Encoding-Decoding System,
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), 5(2), 2013, 37-45
[74] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Ultra-Short of Pico and Femtosecond Soliton Laser Pulse Using Microring
Resonator for Cancer Cells Treatment, Quantum Matter, 1(2), 2012, 159-165.
[75] J. Ali, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, and P. P. Yupapin, Fast and slow lights via an add/drop device, presented at the ICEM, Legend Hotel,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[76] J. Ali, A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Hamdi, M. Jalil, M. Kouhnavard, and P. Yupapin, Entangled photon generation and recovery via
MRR, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[77] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Kouhnavard, M. Jalil, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, Optical dark and bright soliton generation and
amplification, in Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano) Conference, Malaysia, 2010, 259-263.
[78] J. Ali, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, and P. P. Yupapin, Generation of tunable dynamic tweezers using dark-
bright collision, presented at the ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[79] J. Ali, M. Aziz, I. S. Amiri, M. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, I. Nawi, and P. Yupapin, Soliton wavelength division in MRR and NRR Systems,
presented at the AMN-APLOC International Conference, Wuhan, China 2010.
[80] A. Afroozeh, M. Bahadoran, I. S. Amiri, A. R. Samavati, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Fast Light Generation Using Microring
Resonators for Optical Communication, presented at the National Science Postgraduate Conference NSPC, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, 2011.
[81] J. Ali, H. Nur, S. Lee, A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Jalil, A. Mohamad, and P. Yupapin, Short and millimeter optical soliton
generation using dark and bright soliton, presented at the AMN-APLOC International Conference, Wuhan, China, 2010.
[82] F. K. Mohamad, N. J. Ridha, I. S. Amiri, J. A. Saktioto, and P. P. Yupapin, Effect of Center Wavelength on MRR Performance,
presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[83] J. Ali, A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Jalil, and P. Yupapin, Wide and narrow signal generation using chaotic wave, presented at the
Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[84] F. K. Mohamad, N. J. Ridha, I. S. Amiri, J. A. Saktioto, and P. P. Yupapin, Finesse Improvements of Light Pulses within MRR
System, presented at the International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[85] S. Saktioto, M. Hamdi, I. S. Amiri, and J. Ali, Transition of diatomic molecular oscillator process in THz region, presented at the
International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM), Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[86] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Bahadoran, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Simulation of Soliton Amplification in Micro Ring Resonator for
Optical Communication, Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), 55, 2012, 271-277.
[87] I. S. Amiri, G. Vahedi, A. Nikoukar, A. Shojaei, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, Decimal Convertor Application for Optical Wireless
Communication by Generating of Dark and Bright Signals of soliton, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT), 1(5), 2012.
[88] A. Nikoukar, I. S. Amiri, A. Shahidinejad, A. Shojaei, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, MRR quantum dense coding for optical wireless
communication system using decimal convertor, in Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE) Conference, Malaysia,
2012, 770-774.
[89] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, Determination Of FWHM For Solition Trapping, Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and
Engineering), 55, 2012, 77-83.
[90] M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, C. Teeka, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, All-optical Logic XOR/XNOR Gate Operation using Microring and
Nanoring Resonators, Global Journal of Physics Express, 1(1), 2011, 15-22.
[91] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, and J. Ali, Quantum Information Generation Using Optical Potential Well, presented at the Network
Technologies & Communications (NTC) Conference, Singapore, 2010-2011.
[92] S. Saktioto, J. Ali, M. Hamdi, and I. S. Amiri, Calculation and prediction of blood plasma glucose concentration, presented at the
ICAMN, International Conference, Prince Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[93] J. Ali, C. Teeka, R. Jomtarak, P. Yupapin, M. Jalil, and I. Amiri, ASK-to-PSK generation based on nonlinear microring resonators
coupled to one MZI arm, presented at the Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, 2010.
[94] S. Saktioto, M. A. A. Fadhali, J. Ali, H. Shah, P. P. Yupapin, and I. S. Amiri, Power transient of time evolution for dynamic fusion
fiber coupling monitoring, Optik, 2010.
[95] C. Teeka, S. Songmuang, R. Jomtarak, P. Yupapin, M. Jalil, I. Amiri, and J. Ali, ASK-to-PSK Generation based on Nonlinear
Microring Resonators Coupled to One MZI Arm, in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2011, 221-223.