This document proposes a new system for secure quantum communication networks using integrated PANDA ring resonator and time division multiple access (TDMA) systems. It generates and propagates multiple optical solitons that can be used to transmit quantum codes. Chaotic signals from the PANDA resonator are inserted into an add/drop filter system to generate multiple dark and bright solitons. These solitons can then be used to generate entangled quantum codes for network security. The system is capable of generating soliton pulses with a full width at half maximum of 325pm and a free spectral range of 880nm.
Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Netw...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of Half-Panda microring resonator (MRR) is proposed to generate ultra-short nanometer (nm)
optical tweezers. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Molecules or photons transport within the system when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. Nano optical tweezers can be generated and used to many applications in optical communication networks. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 9 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.
All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using M...University of Malaya (UM)
The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically
generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be
used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single
and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical
soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system
known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a
transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and
separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical
subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through
the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was
propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed.
The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to
55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the
system is analyzed.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Netw...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of Half-Panda microring resonator (MRR) is proposed to generate ultra-short nanometer (nm)
optical tweezers. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Molecules or photons transport within the system when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. Nano optical tweezers can be generated and used to many applications in optical communication networks. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 9 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.
All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using M...University of Malaya (UM)
The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically
generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be
used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single
and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical
soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system
known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a
transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and
separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical
subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through
the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was
propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed.
The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to
55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the
system is analyzed.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
B.tech Major Project: In this project I have simulated the illuminance distribution, optical power distribution on received optical plane for Line of Sight(LOS) condition as well as Diffuse link, SNR distribution and graph showing the variation of RMS Delay Spread for different sample receiver positions using MATLAB.
Multi user performance on mc cdma single relay cooperative system by distribu...IJCNCJournal
Increasing data rate and high performance is the target focus of wireless communication. The multi carrier on multi-hop communication system using relay's diversity technique which is supported by a reliable coding is a system that may give high performance. This research is developing a model of multi user and two scheme of multi carrier CDMA on multi hop communication system with diversity technique which is using Alamouti codes in Rayleigh fading channel. By Alamouti research, Space Time Block Code (STBC) for MIMO system can perform high quality signal at the receiver in the Rayleigh fading channel and the noisy system. In this research, MIMO by STBC is applied to single antenna system (Distributed-STBC/DSTBC) with multi carrier CDMA on multi hop wireless communication system (relay diversity) which is able to improve the received signal performance.
MC DS CDMA on multi hop wireless communication system with 2 hops is better performing than MC CDMA on multi user without Multi User Detector. To reach BER 10-3 multi hop system with MC CDMA needs more power 5 dB than MC DS CDMA at 5 users using Alamouti scheme for symbol transmission at the relay.
This paper deals with the hardware implementation of base band (acquisition and tracking) modules of a
GPS receiver using system generator 9.2 has been tried out. The implementation will be tested on Lyrtech (small form factor-software defined radio) platform which consists of 3 layers. The upper layer is the radio frequency (1 GHz) layer, middle layer is the ADACMasterIII layer and the last is digital processing (DSP) layer. The data transfer between the FPGA Virtex-4SX35 and DSP module is done using a TMS320DM6446 Davinci processor. Generation of 17MHz Intermediate frequency has been done. The acquisition module based on parallel code phase search acquisition algorithm has been tried out. The results are being tested for correctness and accuracy. After this the tracking module will be implemented. The results will lead to the development of indigenous GPS receivers with single and multiple channels
within the same hardware with reconfiguration.
Performance Evaluation and Simulation of OFDM in Optical Communication SystemsIJERA Editor
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is of prime importance nowadays in long haul
communication networks because of its higher spectral efficiency, immunity to multipath fading and its
resilience to interference. Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is considered as a promising
technology to satisfy the increased demand for bandwidth in broadband services. It is of two types based on the
detection techniques employed. They are direct detection and coherent detection. In direct detection OFDM, a
photodiode is used while in the latter the principle of optical mixing is utilized. This paper investigates the
architecture of single channel and four channel direct detection and coherent detection optical OFDM systems
and carries out performance analysis based on bit error rate and Q-factor. In the case of single channels, a date
rate of 10 Gbps is achieved while in 4 channel systems a data rate of 40 Gbps is achieved. Coherent Optical
OFDM (CO-OFDM) is the next generation technology for the optical communications, since it integrates the
advantages of both coherent systems and OFDM systems.
Wireless communication now has been focus to increase data rate and high performance. The
multi carrier on multi-hop communication system using relay's diversity technique which is
supported by a reliable coding is a system that may give high performance.
This research is developing a model of multi carrier CDMA on multi hop communication
system with diversity technique which is using Alamouti codes in Rayleigh fading channel. By
Alamouti research, Space Time Block Code (STBC) for MIMO system can perform high quality
signal at the receiver in the Rayleigh fading channel and the noisy system. In this research,
MIMO by STBC is applied to single antenna system (Distributed-STBC/DSTBC) with multi
carrier CDMA on multi hop wireless communication system (relay diversity) which is able to
reduce the complexity of the system but the system performance even can be maintained and
improved.
MC CDMA on multi hop wireless communication system with 2 hops is performing much better
than Single Input Single Output (SISO) system (1 hop system). Power needed for 1 hop system to
have the same quality as 2 hops system to reach BER 10-3 is 12 dB. And multi hop system needs
orthogonal symbol to send from relay than original symbol to reach better performance. 12.5
dB power up is needed for multi hop system which sent same symbol as transmitter than relay
system which sent orthogonal symbol.
IMPROVEMENT OF LTE DOWNLINK SYSTEM PERFORMANCES USING THE LAGRANGE POLYNOMIAL...IJCNCJournal
To achieve a high speed data rate, higher spectral efficiency, improved services and low latency the 3rd
generation partnership project designed LTE standard (Long Term Evolution).the LTE system employs
specific technical as well the technical HARQ, MIMO transmission, OFDM Access or estimation technical.
In this paper we focus our study on downlink LTE channel estimation and specially the interpolation which
is the basis of the estimation of the channel coefficients. Thus, we propose an adaptive method for polynomial interpolation based on Lagrange polynomial. We perform the Downlink LTE system MIMO transmission then compare the obtained results with linear, Sinus Cardinal and polynomial Newton Interpolations. The simulation results show that the Lagrange method outperforms system performance in term of Block Error Rate (BLER) , throughput and EVN(%)vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Ber performance of ofdm with discrete wavelet transform for time dispersive c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Reduction of Four-Wave Mixing in DWDM System using Electro-Optic Phase Modula...IJECEIAES
In this paper, electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) is used to reduce the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM), which is placed after 64 DWDMchannels multiplexer. It was found that the FWM is very sensitive to the phase deviation of the EOPM, and it can be reduced by introducing a phase shift between pulses. The simulation results confirmed the ability of the EOPM in improving the system performanceas indicated by the bit error rates. In term of comparison, the system of 64 channels based intensity modulated/ direct detection (IM/DD) transmission achieved bit error rate of 10 over 30 km and 70km without and with EOPM, respectively. -26
NEW SYSTEM OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL GENERATION BASED ON COUPLING COEFFICIENTS APPLI...University of Malaya (UM)
The nonlinear behavior (chaotic) of light traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator such as an add/drop system
is presented. The chaotic behavior is considered to be a beneficial effect that can be used in the communication
system. Such a system can be used to secure the information signals, therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2 = 3.8 × 10−20 m2
/W, and the 20,000 iterations of round-trip within the system is simulated. The input powers are selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies according to two critical cases, where 0 0.1
and 0.1 1. As a results, larger coupler coefficient corresponds to lower input power for the case of
0 0.1 and smaller coupling coefficient of the system is corresponds to lower input power when
0.1 1. To optimize the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical communication systems.
Chaotic soliton can be generated using a nonlinear PANDA system. The research uses microring resonator
(MRR) to generate and trap chaotic signals along fiber optic communication. The parameters such as refractive
indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients ( ), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 0.45 W are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.3×10−17 m2 W−1
. The generated chaotic signals with Full at Half
Maximum of 24 pm can be transmitted along the fiber optic with length of 195 km. The trapping of chaotic signals can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here signals with 600 fm bandwidth could be trapped within the system.
Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching System Using Pico/Femto Second So...University of Malaya (UM)
We propose a system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system. Optical soliton can be simulated and used to generate entangled photon, applicable in single and multiple optical switching. Chaotic signals can be generated via the MRRs system. Therefore continuous spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Polarized photons are formed incorporating the
polarization control unit into the MRRs, which allows different time slot entangled photons to be randomly formed. Results show the single soliton pulse of 0.7 ps where the multi soliton pulse with FSR and FWHM of 0.6 ns and 20 ps are generated using the add/drop filter system. Here Ultra-short single soliton pulse with FWHM=42 fs can be simulated. These pulses are providing required communication signals to generate pair of polarization entangled photons among different time frame where the polarization control unit and polarizer beam splitter (PBS) are connected to the ring resonator system.
Quantum Transmission of Optical Tweezers Via Fiber Optic Using Half-Panda Sys...University of Malaya (UM)
: The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical transmission link in order to transmit tweezers via an optical fiber. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. The input bright soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Throughput nano optical tweezers can be connected to the fiber optic with a length of 100 km, where transmission of tweezers can be performed. The optical receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers. A transmitter system can be used to transmit the tweezers via wired/wireless link to the users in a short communication link. Here the nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm are obtained and transmitted, where the free spectrum range (FSR) of the pulses is 50 nm.
Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring ResonatorUniversity of Malaya (UM)
In this paper, we propose a system for chaotic signal generation using a microring resonator (MRR) fiber optic system. This system uses a regular laserdiode as input power and can be incorporated with an optical add/drop filter system. When light from the laser diode feedbacks to the fiber ring resonator, the actual chaotic signal is produced by using the appropriate fiber ring resonator parameters and also the laser diode input power. The filtering process of the chaotic signals occurs during the round-trip of the pulse within the ring resonators. The single soliton pulses generation and bandwidth manipulation of the pulse can be performed using the add/drop system. Results obtained have established particular possibilities from the application. The obtained results show the effects of coupling coefficients on the bandwidth of the single soliton pulse, where the chaotic behaviors of the input pulses are presented.
B.tech Major Project: In this project I have simulated the illuminance distribution, optical power distribution on received optical plane for Line of Sight(LOS) condition as well as Diffuse link, SNR distribution and graph showing the variation of RMS Delay Spread for different sample receiver positions using MATLAB.
Multi user performance on mc cdma single relay cooperative system by distribu...IJCNCJournal
Increasing data rate and high performance is the target focus of wireless communication. The multi carrier on multi-hop communication system using relay's diversity technique which is supported by a reliable coding is a system that may give high performance. This research is developing a model of multi user and two scheme of multi carrier CDMA on multi hop communication system with diversity technique which is using Alamouti codes in Rayleigh fading channel. By Alamouti research, Space Time Block Code (STBC) for MIMO system can perform high quality signal at the receiver in the Rayleigh fading channel and the noisy system. In this research, MIMO by STBC is applied to single antenna system (Distributed-STBC/DSTBC) with multi carrier CDMA on multi hop wireless communication system (relay diversity) which is able to improve the received signal performance.
MC DS CDMA on multi hop wireless communication system with 2 hops is better performing than MC CDMA on multi user without Multi User Detector. To reach BER 10-3 multi hop system with MC CDMA needs more power 5 dB than MC DS CDMA at 5 users using Alamouti scheme for symbol transmission at the relay.
This paper deals with the hardware implementation of base band (acquisition and tracking) modules of a
GPS receiver using system generator 9.2 has been tried out. The implementation will be tested on Lyrtech (small form factor-software defined radio) platform which consists of 3 layers. The upper layer is the radio frequency (1 GHz) layer, middle layer is the ADACMasterIII layer and the last is digital processing (DSP) layer. The data transfer between the FPGA Virtex-4SX35 and DSP module is done using a TMS320DM6446 Davinci processor. Generation of 17MHz Intermediate frequency has been done. The acquisition module based on parallel code phase search acquisition algorithm has been tried out. The results are being tested for correctness and accuracy. After this the tracking module will be implemented. The results will lead to the development of indigenous GPS receivers with single and multiple channels
within the same hardware with reconfiguration.
Performance Evaluation and Simulation of OFDM in Optical Communication SystemsIJERA Editor
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is of prime importance nowadays in long haul
communication networks because of its higher spectral efficiency, immunity to multipath fading and its
resilience to interference. Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is considered as a promising
technology to satisfy the increased demand for bandwidth in broadband services. It is of two types based on the
detection techniques employed. They are direct detection and coherent detection. In direct detection OFDM, a
photodiode is used while in the latter the principle of optical mixing is utilized. This paper investigates the
architecture of single channel and four channel direct detection and coherent detection optical OFDM systems
and carries out performance analysis based on bit error rate and Q-factor. In the case of single channels, a date
rate of 10 Gbps is achieved while in 4 channel systems a data rate of 40 Gbps is achieved. Coherent Optical
OFDM (CO-OFDM) is the next generation technology for the optical communications, since it integrates the
advantages of both coherent systems and OFDM systems.
Wireless communication now has been focus to increase data rate and high performance. The
multi carrier on multi-hop communication system using relay's diversity technique which is
supported by a reliable coding is a system that may give high performance.
This research is developing a model of multi carrier CDMA on multi hop communication
system with diversity technique which is using Alamouti codes in Rayleigh fading channel. By
Alamouti research, Space Time Block Code (STBC) for MIMO system can perform high quality
signal at the receiver in the Rayleigh fading channel and the noisy system. In this research,
MIMO by STBC is applied to single antenna system (Distributed-STBC/DSTBC) with multi
carrier CDMA on multi hop wireless communication system (relay diversity) which is able to
reduce the complexity of the system but the system performance even can be maintained and
improved.
MC CDMA on multi hop wireless communication system with 2 hops is performing much better
than Single Input Single Output (SISO) system (1 hop system). Power needed for 1 hop system to
have the same quality as 2 hops system to reach BER 10-3 is 12 dB. And multi hop system needs
orthogonal symbol to send from relay than original symbol to reach better performance. 12.5
dB power up is needed for multi hop system which sent same symbol as transmitter than relay
system which sent orthogonal symbol.
IMPROVEMENT OF LTE DOWNLINK SYSTEM PERFORMANCES USING THE LAGRANGE POLYNOMIAL...IJCNCJournal
To achieve a high speed data rate, higher spectral efficiency, improved services and low latency the 3rd
generation partnership project designed LTE standard (Long Term Evolution).the LTE system employs
specific technical as well the technical HARQ, MIMO transmission, OFDM Access or estimation technical.
In this paper we focus our study on downlink LTE channel estimation and specially the interpolation which
is the basis of the estimation of the channel coefficients. Thus, we propose an adaptive method for polynomial interpolation based on Lagrange polynomial. We perform the Downlink LTE system MIMO transmission then compare the obtained results with linear, Sinus Cardinal and polynomial Newton Interpolations. The simulation results show that the Lagrange method outperforms system performance in term of Block Error Rate (BLER) , throughput and EVN(%)vs. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Ber performance of ofdm with discrete wavelet transform for time dispersive c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Reduction of Four-Wave Mixing in DWDM System using Electro-Optic Phase Modula...IJECEIAES
In this paper, electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) is used to reduce the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM), which is placed after 64 DWDMchannels multiplexer. It was found that the FWM is very sensitive to the phase deviation of the EOPM, and it can be reduced by introducing a phase shift between pulses. The simulation results confirmed the ability of the EOPM in improving the system performanceas indicated by the bit error rates. In term of comparison, the system of 64 channels based intensity modulated/ direct detection (IM/DD) transmission achieved bit error rate of 10 over 30 km and 70km without and with EOPM, respectively. -26
NEW SYSTEM OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL GENERATION BASED ON COUPLING COEFFICIENTS APPLI...University of Malaya (UM)
The nonlinear behavior (chaotic) of light traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator such as an add/drop system
is presented. The chaotic behavior is considered to be a beneficial effect that can be used in the communication
system. Such a system can be used to secure the information signals, therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2 = 3.8 × 10−20 m2
/W, and the 20,000 iterations of round-trip within the system is simulated. The input powers are selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies according to two critical cases, where 0 0.1
and 0.1 1. As a results, larger coupler coefficient corresponds to lower input power for the case of
0 0.1 and smaller coupling coefficient of the system is corresponds to lower input power when
0.1 1. To optimize the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical communication systems.
Chaotic soliton can be generated using a nonlinear PANDA system. The research uses microring resonator
(MRR) to generate and trap chaotic signals along fiber optic communication. The parameters such as refractive
indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients ( ), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 0.45 W are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.3×10−17 m2 W−1
. The generated chaotic signals with Full at Half
Maximum of 24 pm can be transmitted along the fiber optic with length of 195 km. The trapping of chaotic signals can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here signals with 600 fm bandwidth could be trapped within the system.
Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching System Using Pico/Femto Second So...University of Malaya (UM)
We propose a system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system. Optical soliton can be simulated and used to generate entangled photon, applicable in single and multiple optical switching. Chaotic signals can be generated via the MRRs system. Therefore continuous spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Polarized photons are formed incorporating the
polarization control unit into the MRRs, which allows different time slot entangled photons to be randomly formed. Results show the single soliton pulse of 0.7 ps where the multi soliton pulse with FSR and FWHM of 0.6 ns and 20 ps are generated using the add/drop filter system. Here Ultra-short single soliton pulse with FWHM=42 fs can be simulated. These pulses are providing required communication signals to generate pair of polarization entangled photons among different time frame where the polarization control unit and polarizer beam splitter (PBS) are connected to the ring resonator system.
Quantum Transmission of Optical Tweezers Via Fiber Optic Using Half-Panda Sys...University of Malaya (UM)
: The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical transmission link in order to transmit tweezers via an optical fiber. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. The input bright soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Throughput nano optical tweezers can be connected to the fiber optic with a length of 100 km, where transmission of tweezers can be performed. The optical receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers. A transmitter system can be used to transmit the tweezers via wired/wireless link to the users in a short communication link. Here the nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm are obtained and transmitted, where the free spectrum range (FSR) of the pulses is 50 nm.
Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring ResonatorUniversity of Malaya (UM)
In this paper, we propose a system for chaotic signal generation using a microring resonator (MRR) fiber optic system. This system uses a regular laserdiode as input power and can be incorporated with an optical add/drop filter system. When light from the laser diode feedbacks to the fiber ring resonator, the actual chaotic signal is produced by using the appropriate fiber ring resonator parameters and also the laser diode input power. The filtering process of the chaotic signals occurs during the round-trip of the pulse within the ring resonators. The single soliton pulses generation and bandwidth manipulation of the pulse can be performed using the add/drop system. Results obtained have established particular possibilities from the application. The obtained results show the effects of coupling coefficients on the bandwidth of the single soliton pulse, where the chaotic behaviors of the input pulses are presented.
ASK-to-PSK Generation based on Nonlinear Microring Resonators Coupled to One ...University of Malaya (UM)
We present a new concept of ASK-to-PSK generation based on nonlinear microring resonators coupled to one MZI arm by using OptiWave FDTD method. By microring resonator increase from one to three microring (SR to TR), we found that the amplitude shift keying (ASK) are increase exactly and the phase shift keying (PSK) is equal to π.
Decimal Convertor Application for Optical Wireless Communication by Generatin...University of Malaya (UM)
Two systems consist of microring resonators (MRRs) and an add/drop filter are used to generate signals as localized multi wavelengths. Quantum dense encoding
can be performed by output signals of selected wavelengths incorporated to a polarization control system. Therefore dark and bright optical soliton pulses
with different time slot are generated. They can be converted into digital logic quantum codes using a decimal convertor system propagating along a wireless networks. Results show that multi soliton wavelength, ranged from 1.55 m to 1.56 m with FWHM and FSR of 10 pm and 600 pm can be generated respectively. Keywords- Micro Ring Resonator, Quantum Dense Coding (QDC), Wireless network communication system.
Ultra-short Multi Soliton Generation for Application in Long Distance Commun...University of Malaya (UM)
Generation of picometer optical soliton pulses is investigated using a nonlinear PANDA ring resonator system connecting to an add/drop filter system. The objectives of the research are to employ systems of microring resonator (MRR) to generate binary signals to be carried out along fiber optic communication. Effective parameters such as refractive indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients (), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 600 mW are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=2.6×10−17 m2 W−1. Therefore binary signals generated by the add/drop filter system can be converted to secure codes where the decoding process of the transmitted codes can be obtained at the final step. Here, multi soliton pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 325 could be generated, converted to secure codes and finally detected over 70 km optical fiber communication link.
Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweez...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presented to generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/drop filter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ring on the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulse of optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where the input Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop port of the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connected to a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can be used to generate high capacity quantum codes within series of MRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signals known as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system. Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an optical communication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm, 1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the system respectively. These results used to be transmitted through a quantum signal processor via an optical computer network communication link.
Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System for Secured and Long Distance Optical ...University of Malaya (UM)
We suggest a new purpose of a security scheme by employing the nonlinear behaviors of temporal dark and bright solitons amongst a micro-ring resonator system for signal security application. The chaotic signal is generated, where the required bright soliton pulse can be recovered and discovered by an add/drop filtering device. By using the reserve ring parameters, simulation results obtained have demonstrated that the soliton conversion can be performed. In application, the chaotic signal is generated and formed by the dark soliton inside a nonlinear micro-ring device. The different temporal soliton response time can be seen, the response times of 169 and 84 ns are mentioned for temporal dark and bright solitons, respectively, which can also be used to figure the security key. The technique of optical conversion can be use to improve the optical communication network systems.
Frequency-Wavelength Trapping by Integrated Ring Resonators For Secured Netwo...University of Malaya (UM)
Optical pulse trapping via a series of microring resonator (MRR) is presented. Large bandwidth of optical soliton is generated by input pulse propagating within the MRRs. Distinguished discrete wavelength or frequency pulses can be generated by using localized spatial pulses via a networks communication system. Quantum codes can be generated by using a polarization control unit and a beam splitter, incorporating to the MRRs. Here frequency band of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm and 2489 nm are localized and obtained and used for quantum codes generation applicable for secured networks communication.
Long Distance Communication Using Localized Optical Soliton via Entangled Ph...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) is presented to generation entangled photon. Different time slot for continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) use is applicable in optical wireless link. Chaotic behavior of a soliton pulse within the device can be presented respect to the Kerr nonlinear type of light in the MRR devices. Continuous spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. The CVQKD is formed using the localized spatial soliton pulse. Here localized temporal soliton with FWHM and FSR of 0.2 ps and 0.58 ns is obtained respectively. The spatial soliton pulse has a FWHM of 80 pm. Transmission of soliton pulse with FWHM of 1.5 ps is simulated along the long distance fiber optics where the polarized photons are formed incorporating with the polarization control unit into the MRRs, which allows different time slot entangled photons to be randomly formed.
Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission within an Optical Fiber...University of Malaya (UM)
The nonlinear behavior of light such as chaos traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator as a single
ring resonator is presented. This phenomenon can be used to generate secret codes or arbitrary digital codes of "0" and "1" applicable in the communication system such as time division multiple access (TDMA) system. Such a system can be used to secure the information signals therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2=3.8 × 10−20 m2
/W. The input power is selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies as
0 0.1. As a result, train of logic
codes could be generated and transmitted via a fiber communication link using the chaotic signals. To optimize the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical
communication systems.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The microring resonator (MRR) system can be used to trap optical solitons. These types of pulses are used to generate entangled photon required for quantum keys. The required information can be provided via the quantum keys. We simulate localized spatial and temporal soliton pulses to form an optical communication used in wireless systems. The input soliton pulses with peak power of 500 and 550 mW are used to generate a spectrum of chaotic signals within the nonlinear medium, where the nonlinear refractive index is selected to n2=2.2 x 10-17m2/W. The ultra-short soliton pulse can be trapped within the 3.52 GHz frequency, where the temporal soliton pulse with FWHM of 25 ps could be simulated and used to generate entangled photon pair. The generated entangled photons are input into a wireless router system which is used to transfer them within a network communication system. The router system is used to receive the information and convert it to analog signals at the end of the transmission link, thus data can be sent to the users via a secured optical communication system using MRRs.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
We propose a novel system of the dynamic optical tweezers generated by a dark soliton in the fiber optic loop. A dark soliton known as an optical tweezer is amplified and tuned within the microring resonator (MRR) system. The required tunable tweezers with different widthsand powers can be controlled. The analysis of dark-bright soliton conversion using a dark soliton pulse propagating within a MRR is analyzed. The control dark soliton is input into the system via the add port of the add/drop filter. The dynamic behavior of the dark-brightsoliton conversion is observed. The required stable signal is obtained via a drop and throughput ports of the add/drop filter with some suitable parameters. In application, generation of optical tweezers and transportation can be realized by using the proposed system, where the communication network is performed.
Nonlinear behaviors of light such as chaos can be observed during propagation of a Gaussian laser beam inside a single ring resonator system. Chaotic signals can be employed to generate data of logic codes to be transmitted along the fiber optic communication. Controlling of the chaotic signals can be implemented by the parameter of the system such as coupling coefficient, the ring’s radius, coupling loss and input power. The central wavelength of the input Gaussian laser pulse has been selected to λ0=1550 nm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.4×10−13 m2 W−1. Therefore the data of logic codes generated by the single ring resonator system can be converted to transmitting secured codes where the decoding process of the transmitted codes can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here generation of logic code of “101010101011010101011101011110101101010101010110101” is performed, encoded and decoded over 50 km fiber optics. Thus secured transmitting of signals can be obtained along the long distance fiber
communication.
Simulation and Analysis of Multisoliton Generation Using a PANDA Ring Resonat...University of Malaya (UM)
A novel system of multisoliton generation using nonlinear equations of the propagating signals is presented. This system uses a PANDA ring resonator incorporated with an add/drop filter system. Using resonant conditions, the intense optical fields known as multisolitons can be generated and propagated within a Kerr-type nonlinear medium. The present simulation results show that multisolitons can be controlled by using additional Gaussian pulses input into the add port of the PANDA system. For the soliton pulse in the microring device, a balance should be achieved between dispersion and nonlinear lengths. Chaotic output signals from the PANDA ring resonator are input into the add/drop filter system. Chaotic signals can be filtered by using the add/drop filter system, in which multi dark and bright solitons can be generated. In this work multi dark and bright solitons with an FWHM and an FSR of 425pm and 1.145 nm are generated, respectively, where the Gaussian pulse with a central wavelength of 1.55 μm and power of 600 mW is input into the system.
Similar to Secured transportation of quantum codes using integrated panda adddrop and tdma systems (20)
Tunable and Storage Potential Wells using Microring Resonator System for Bioc...University of Malaya (UM)
In this work, we propose the technique that can be used to trap/delivery bio-cell by using the concept of dark solitons and potential well, in which the trapping force is formed by using the intense optical vortices generated within the series ring and the PANDA ring resonator, the microscopic bio-cell can be trapped and moved dynamically, in which the valley of the dark soliton is generated and controlled within the PANDA ring resonator by the control port signals.
All-optical logic XOR/XNOR gate operation using microring and nanoring reson...University of Malaya (UM)
In this paper, a novel system of simultaneous optical logic AND and OR gates using dark -bright soliton conversion within the add/drop optical filter system is proposed. The input logic „0‟ and control logic „0‟ are formed by using the dark soliton pulse (D) trains. By using the dark-bright soliton conversion behavior within the π/2 phase shift device, we found that the simultaneous optical logic AND and OR gates at the drop and through ports can be randomly formed, respectively.
Secured Transportation of Quantum Codes Using Integrated PANDA-Add/drop and T...University of Malaya (UM)
New system of quantum cryptography for communication networks is proposed. Multi optical Soliton can be generated and propagated via an add/drop interferometer system incorporated with a time division multiple access (TDMA) system. Here the transportation of quantum codes is performed. Chaotic output signals from the PANDA ring resonator are inserted into the add/drop filter system. Using the add/drop filter system multi dark and bright solitons can be obtained and used to generate entangled quantum codes for internet security. In this research soliton pulses with FWHM and FSR of 325 pm and 880 nm are generated, respectively.
In this study an interesting system in which a bright and dark soliton pulse can be stopped inside a nonlinear waveguide is presented. Here, we propose a system consisting of a series of ring resonators for optical trapping within a nonlinear waveguide. The bright and dark solitons can be controlled and slowed down within the waveguide. The FWHM for the output signals are calculated and used as an optical memory. Bright and dark soliton behaviors within a micro and nano ring resonator are also investigated and described. The required pulse is filtered and amplified, can be controlled and localized within the system. The localized bright and dark solitons are stopped by controlling the input power,which means that the photon stopping can be controlled by light in a ring resonator.
A molecular cryptography technique using optical tweezers, is proposed. The optical tweezer transports the molecules in the communication system. The optical tweezer generated by the dark soliton is in the form of a potential well. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear microring resonator (NMRR). Transportation of molecules is implemented when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. The input bright soliton control the output signal at the drop port of the system. Output optical tweezers can be connected to the quantum signal processing system consisting of transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter is used to generate the high capacity quantum codes within the series of MRR’s and anadd/drop filter. The receiver will detect the encoded signals known as quantum bits. The transmitter will generate the entangled photon pair which propagates via an optical communication link. Here the smallest optical tweezer with respect to the full width at half maximum FWHM is 17.6 nm in the formof potential well is obtained and transmitted through quantum signal processor via an optical link.
This research is used to control the nonlinear behavior of silicon microring resonators, MRR’s such as chaos and bifurcation. Increasing of nonlinear refractive indices, coupling coefficients and radius of the SMRR leads to descend input power and round trips wherein the bifurcation occurs. As result, bifurcation or chaos behaviors are seen at lower input power of 44 W, where the nonlinear refractive index is n2=3.2×10−20 m2/W. Smallest round trips can be seen for the R=40 µm and 0.1 respectively. Signals from the SMRR are passing through a polarizer beam splitter to generate quantum
binary codes which are used in wireless network communication.
The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical quantum signal processing system in order to transmit quantum photon via an optical communication link. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Transportation of molecules or photons is implemented when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. The input Gaussian soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Output nano optical tweezers can be connected to the quantum signal processing system consisting of a receiver and transmitter. The receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers and transmit them via wired/wireless as quantum bits. The transmitter will generate the entangled photon pair which propagates via an optical communication link. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4.2 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.
IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN Standard Using Millimeter Optical Soliton Pulse Generated...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver.
Generation and wired/wireless transmission of IEEE802.16m signal using solito...University of Malaya (UM)
Multi-carrier generation is the main building block for generating WiMax signal. In order to use WiMax signal in radio over fiber applications the use of all
optical generation of RF signals is required. To generate multi carriers optically, the system consisting ofseries of microring resonators (MRRs)
incorporating with an add/drop filter system are used. Thus the high frequency (THz) solitons range of 193.29–193.35 THz at frequencies of 193.333,
193.3355 and 193.3388 THz with the free spectralrange of 2.5 and 5.8 GHz could be performed using MRRs, providing required WiMax signal used in
wired/wireless communication. The generated multi carriers are multiplexed with the single carrier soliton and transmitted through single mode fiber (SMF)
after being beaten to photodiode, a WiMax signal is propagated wirelessly in transmitter antenna base station and is received by the second antenna located
in the receiver.
Transmission of data with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing techniqu...University of Malaya (UM)
Microring resonators (MRRs) can be used to generate optical millimetre-wave solitons with a broadband frequency of
40–60 GHz. Non-linear light behaviours within MRRs, such as chaotic signals, can be used to generate logic codes (digital
codes). The soliton signals can be multiplexed and modulated with the logic codes using an orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) technique to transmit the data via a network system. OFDM uses overlapping subcarriers without
causing inter-carrier interference. It provides both a high data rate and symbol duration using frequency division multiplexing
over multiple subcarriers within one channel. The results show that MRRs support both single-carrier and multi-carrier optical
soliton pulses, which can be used in an OFDM based on whether fast Fourier transform or discrete wavelet transform
transmission/receiver system. Localised ultra-short soliton pulses within frequencies of 50 and 52 GHz can be seen at the
throughput port of the panda system with respect to full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and free spectrum range of 5 MHz
and 2 GHz, respectively. The soliton pulses with FWHMs of 10 MHz could be generated at the drop port. Therefore,
transmission of data information can be performed via a communication network using soliton pulse carriers and an OFDM
technique.
A system of microring resonator (MRR) conected to an optical panda ring
resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 57-61 GHz frequency band can be
generated and used for aplications in optical communications. The system uses a Gausian
laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The ultra short single and multi
optical soliton pulses within the range of 57-61 GHz can be generated and sen at he through
and drop ports of the system. This range is aplicable for a short distance optical
communication such as indor systems. The generated optical soliton pulses have the
bandwidth of 5 and 20 MHz.
Generating of 57-61 GHz Frequency Band Using a Panda Ring Resonator
Secured transportation of quantum codes using integrated panda adddrop and tdma systems
1. Secured Transportation of Quantum Codes Using Integrated
PANDA-Add/drop and TDMA Systems
I. S. Amiri*1
, G. R. Vahedi2
, A. A. Shojaei 3
, A. Nikoukar4
, J. Ali 1
and P. P. Yupapin 5
*1
Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang
3
Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),
Kuala Lumpur, 54100 Malaysia
4
Faculty of Computer Science & Information Systems (FCSIS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),
81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
5
Advanced Research Center for Photonics, Faculty of Science King Mongkut’s
Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Abstract
New system of quantum cryptography for
communication networks is proposed. Multi optical
Soliton can be generated and propagated via an add/drop
interferometer system incorporated with a time division
multiple access (TDMA) system. Here the transportation
of quantum codes is performed. Chaotic output signals
from the PANDA ring resonator are inserted into the
add/drop filter system. Using the add/drop filter system
multi dark and bright solitons can be obtained and used to
generate entangled quantum codes for internet security. In
this research soliton pulses with FWHM and FSR of 325
pm and 880 nm are generated, respectively.
Keywords: Nonlinear fiber optics; PANDA system; Add/drop
filter; Multi soliton, TDMA Network Communication system
Introduction
TDMA is a channel access method for shared medium
networks in which the users receive information with
different time slots. This allows multiple stations to share
the same transmission medium while using only a part of
its channel capacity. It can be used in digital internet
communications and satellite systems. Therefore, in the
TDMA system, instead of having one transmitter
connected to one receiver, there are multiple transmitters,
where high secured signals of quantum codes along the
users can be transmitted.
Soliton generation becomes an interesting subject [1].
The high optical output of the ring resonator system is of
benefit to long distance communication links [2]. A
Gaussian soliton can be generated in a simple system
arrangement [3]. There are many ways to achieve
powerful light, for instance, using a high-power light
source or reducing the radius of ring resonator [4].
However, there are many research works reported in
both theoretical and experimental works [5]. In practice,
the intensive pulse is obtained by using erbium-doped
fiber (EDF) and semiconductor amplifiers incorporated
with the experimental setup [6]. Gaussian pulse is used to
form a multi soliton using a ring resonator [7]. We
propose a modified add/drop optical filter called PANDA
system [8].
Theoretical Background
The PANDA ring resonator is connected to an add/drop
filter system, shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a PANDA ring resonator connected
to an add/drop filter system
The laser Gaussian pulse input propagates inside the
ring resonators system which is introduced by the
nonlinear Kerr effect. The Kerr effect causes the refractive
index (n) of the medium to vary as shown in Equation (1).
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 5, July - 2012
ISSN: 2278-0181
1www.ijert.org
2. ,2
020 P
A
n
nInnn
eff
(1)
where n0 and n2 are the linear and nonlinear refractive
indexes, respectively. I and P are the optical intensity and
the power, respectively. Aeff is the effective mode core area
of the device [9]. For an add/drop optical filter design, the
effective mode core areas range from 0.50 to 0.10 µm2
.
The parameters were obtained by using practical
parameters of used material (InGaAsP/InP) [10], [11].
Input optical fields of Gaussian pulses at the input and add
ports of the system are given in Equation (2) [12].
ti
L
z
EtEtE
D
iii 0021 )
2
(exp)()( , (2)
0iE and z are the optical field amplitude and propagation
distance respectively. LD is the dispersion length of the
soliton pulse where t is the soliton phase shift time, and
where the carrier frequency of the signal is ω0 [13]. Soliton
pulses propagate within the microring device when the
balance between the dispersion length (LD) and the
nonlinear length (LNL=1/ NL) is achieved. Therefore LD =
LNL, where =n2×k0, is the length scale over which
dispersive or nonlinear effects make the beam become
wider or narrower [14]. For the PANDA ring resonator, the
output signals inside the system are given as follows [15],
[16]:
114111 11 iEjEE (3)
,222
102
L
jk
L
n
eEEE (4)
where 1
, 1
and are the intensity coupling coefficient,
fractional coupler intensity loss and attenuation coefficient
respectively. 2
nk is the wave propagation number,
is the input wavelength light field and PANDARL 2
where, PANDAR is the radius of the PANDA system, which
is 300 nm. The electric field of the small ring at the right
side of the PANDA rings system is given as:
,
111
)1()1)(1(
11
11
2
0
2
0
10
LjkL
LjkL
n
n
e
e
EE (5)
where rRL 21
and rR is the radius of right ring. Light
fields of the left side of PANDA ring resonator can be
expressed as:
222223 11 iEjEE , (6)
222
304
L
jk
L
L
n
eEEE , (7)
where,
22
22
2
3
2
3
30
111
)1()1)(1(
LjkL
LjkL
L
n
n
e
e
EE , (8)
Here, LRL 22
and LR is the left ring radius. In order
to simplify these equations, the parameters of x1, x2, y1 and
y2 are defined as: )1( 11x , )1( 22x ,
)1( 11y , and )1( 22y . Therefore, the
output powers from through and drop ports of the PANDA
ring resonator can be expressed as 1tE and 2tE
2
3
2
2
1222
211
1 FG
GDEGCE
eBEAEE ii
L
jk
L
iit
n
, (9)
2
2
2
011
1021
2222
1 FG
GE
Ex
D
GEEA
EyxE
i
L
i
it
, (10)
where, 21xxA , LEyxxB 01221
, LEExxC 00212
2
1
, 2
002121
2
21 )( LEEyyxxD , 222
L
jk
L
n
eG and
LEEyyxxF 002121
.
1tE , output from the PANDA system can be input into the
add/drop filter system which is made of a ring resonator
coupled to two fiber waveguides with proper parameters
[17].
Output powers from the add/drop filter system are given
by Equations (16) and (17), where 3tE and 4tE are the
electric field outputs of the through and drop ports of the
system respectively.
)cos(112)1)(1(1
)1()cos(1121
2
5454
5
2
544
2
1
3
1
3
adn
L
L
L
adn
L
t
t
t
t
Lkee
eLke
E
E
I
I
ad
ad
ad
ad
(11)
)cos(112)1)(1(1
.
2
5454
2
54
2
1
4
1
4
adn
L
L
L
t
t
t
t
Lkee
e
E
E
I
I
ad
ad
ad
(12)
where, 4
and 5
are the coupling coefficients of the
add/drop filter system, adad RL 2 and adR is the radius
of the add/drop system.
Result and Discussion
Gaussian beams with center wavelength of 1.55 µm
and power of 600 mW are introduced into the add and
input ports of the PANDA ring resonator. The simulated
result has been shown in Figure 2. The linear and
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 5, July - 2012
ISSN: 2278-0181
2www.ijert.org
3. nonlinear refractive indices of the system are 34.30n
and 17
2 102.3n respectively. In Figure 2, the
coupling coefficients of the PANDA ring resonator are
given as 0 = 0.2, 1 = 0.35, 2 = 0.1 and 3 = 0.95,
respectively and 1.021
. Here nmRPANDA 300
where nmRr 180 and nmRL 200 respectively.
Figures 2(a) and 2(b) show the powers in the form of
chaotic signals before entering the right ring of the
PANDA system and amplification of signals during
propagation of light inside right ring respectively, where
Figures 2(c) and 2(d) show the powers before entering the
left ring and amplification of signals within the right ring
respectively. We found that the signals are stable and seen
within the system where the chaotic signals are generated
at the through port shown in Figure 2(e).
Figure 2: Multi soliton signal generation using PANDA ring resonator
system where (a), (b), (c) and (d) are powers inside the PANDA system
and (e) is the output power from the throughput.
In order to generate multi optical soliton, the chaotic
signals from the PANDA ring resonator are input into the
add/drop filter system. Figures 3(a) and 3(b) show the
generation of multi soliton in the form of dark soliton and
expansion of the through port signals respectively, where
Figures 3(c) and 3(d) represent multi soliton in the form
of bright solitons and expansion of the drop port signals
respectively. The coupling coefficients of the add/drop
filter system are given as 4 = 0.9, 5 = 0.5, where the
radius of the ring is 130adR μm.
Figure 3: Output multi soliton signal generation using an add/drop filter
system, where (a): dark soliton at through port, (b): expansion of multi
dark soliton, (c) bright soliton at drop port, and (d): expansion of multi
bright soliton with FWHM and FSR of 325 pm and 880 pm respectively
Generated multi optical soliton can be input into an
optical receiver unit which is a quantum processing
system used to generate high capacity packet of quantum
codes within the series of MRR’s. In operation, the
computing data can be modulated and input into the
receiver unit which is encoded to the quantum signal
processing system. The receiver unit can be used to detect
the quantum bits, which is operated by the add/drop filter
(RdN1). Therefore entangled photon can be provided,
where the required data can be retrieved via the drop port
of the add/drop filter in the router. A schematic of the
quantum processing system which is used to generate
entangled photon is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: A schematic of an entangled photon pair manipulation within a
ring resonator. The quantum state is propagating to a rotatable polarizer
and then is split by a beam splitter (PBS) flying to detector DN1, DN2,
DN3 and DN4
From Figure 4 it can be seen that there are two pairs of
possible polarization entangled photons forming within
the MRR device, which are the four polarization
orientation angles as [0o
, 90o
], [135o
and 180o
]. These can
be done by using the optical component, called the
polarization rotatable device and a polarizing beam
splitter (PBS). Polarization coupler separates the basic
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 5, July - 2012
ISSN: 2278-0181
3www.ijert.org
4. vertical and horizontal polarization states. Each one
corresponds to an optical switch between the short and the
long pulses. The horizontally polarized pulses have a
temporal separation of ∆t. The coherence time of the
consecutive pulses is larger than ∆t. Then the following
state is created by Equation (18).
|Φ>p=|1, H>s |1, H>i +|2, H>s |2, H>i (13)
Here k is the number of time slots (1 or 2), which
denotes the state of polarization (horizontal |H> or
vertical |V>). The subscript identifies whether the state is
the signal (s) or the idler (i) state. This two-photon state
with |H> polarization are input into the orthogonal
polarization-delay circuit. The delay circuit consists of
coupler and the difference between the round-trip times of
the microring resonator, which is equal to ∆t. The
microring is tilted by changing the roundtrip of the ring
and is converted into |V> at the delay circuit output. The
delay circuit converts |k, H> into
r|k, H> + t2 exp(iΦ) |k+1, V> + rt2 exp(i2Φ) |k+2, H> +
r2t2 exp(i3Φ) |k+3, V>
Here t and r are the amplitude transmittances to cross
and bar ports in a coupler. Equation (18) is converted into
the polarized state by the delay circuit as
|Φ>=[|1, H>s + exp(iΦs) |2, V>s] × [|1, H>i + exp(iΦi) |2,
V>i]
+ [|2, H>s + exp(iΦs) |3, V>s × [|2, H>i + exp(iΦi) |2, V>i]
=
[|1, H>s |1, H>i + exp(iΦi) |1, H>s |2, V>i] + exp(iΦs) |2,
V>s |1, H>i +
exp[i(Φs+Φi)] |2, V>s |2, V>i + |2, H>s |2, H>i + exp(iΦi)
|2, H>s |3, V>i +
exp(iΦs) |3, V>s |2, H>i + exp[i(Φs+Φi)] |3, V>s |3, V>I
(14)
By the coincidence counts in the second time slot, we
can extract the fourth and fifth terms. As a result, we can
obtain the following polarization entangled state as [18]
|Φ>=|2, H>s |2, H>i + exp[i(Φs+Φi)] |2, V>s |2, V>i
(15)
The polarization states of light pulses are changed and
converted during the circulation in the delay circuit,
leading to the formation of the polarized entangled photon
pairs. In operation, the encoded quantum secret codes
computing data can be generated, where the different
orders of the quantum codes can be made to generate
different signal information and propagated in the
network communication via TDMA transmission system
shown in Figure 5. This system uses data in the form of
secured logic codes to be transferred into the singular
users via different length of the fiber optics line to the
TDMA transmitter; thus quantum cryptography for
internet security can be obtained.
Figure 5. Schematic of the TDMA system
Therefore, same digital information of codes can be
shared between users with different time slots. The
transmission unit is a part of quantum processing system
that can be used to transfer high capacity packet of
quantum codes. Moreover, high capacity of data can be
performed by using more wavelength carriers, whereas
the sensitivity of the nano or microring resonator systems
can be improved by increasing of the free spectrum range
and decreasing of the FWHM applicable for laser sensing
systems [19].
Conclusion
Extensive pulses in the form of chaotic signals can be
generated. The proposed system is connected to an
add/drop filter system in order to generate highly multi
optical soliton. Interior signals of the PANDA system can
be controlled and tuned. Generated chaotic signals can be
input into the add/drop filter system. Therefore the multi
pulses of soliton with FWHM and FSR of 325 pm and
880 pm can be generated and used widely in secured
quantum codes applicable to quantum network
communication. In fact we have proposed an interesting
concept of internet security based on quantum codes
where the use of data encoding for high capacity
communication via optical network link is plausible.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Institute of Advanced
Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).
REFERENCES
[1] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. Bahadoran. Simulation and Analysis
of Multi Soliton Generation Using a PANDA Ring Resonator
System. CHIN.PHYS. LETT. Vol. 28, No. 10 (2011) 104205.
[2] Abdolkarim Afroozeh, Iraj Sadegh Amiri, Muhammad Arif Jalil,
Mojgan Kouhnavard, Jalil Ali, Preecha Yupapin. Multi Soliton
Generation for Enhance Optical Communication. Applied
Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 83 (2011), pp 136-140.
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 5, July - 2012
ISSN: 2278-0181
4www.ijert.org
5. [3] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Bahadoran, J. Ali & P. P. Yupapin.
Simulation of Soliton Amplification in Micro Ring Resonator for
Optical Communication, Jurnal Teknologi, 55 (2011), 271–277.
[4] C. Teeka, S. Songmuang, R. Jomtarak, P. P. Yupapin, M. A. Jalil,
I. S. Amiri, and J. Ali. ASK-to-PSK Generation based on
Nonlinear Microring Resonators Coupled to One MZI Arm, AIP
Conf. Proc. 1341, 221 (2011).
[5] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, M. Kouhnavard, M. A. Jalil, J. Ali, and
P.P. Yupapin. Optical Dark and Bright Soliton Generation and
Amplification, AIP Conf. Proc. 1341, 259 (2011)
[6] Liaw S K, Hsieh Y S, Cheng W L, Chang C L and Ting H F 2008
Journal of Optical Networking. 7 (7) 662.
[7] P.P. Yupapin, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, I. Naim, J. Ali. New
Communication Bands Generated by using a Soliton Pulse within
a Resonator System. Circuits and Systems, 2010, 1, 71-75.
[8] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. Bahadoran, J. Ali & P. P. Yupapin.
Molecular Transporter System for Qubits Generation, Jurnal
Teknologi, 55 (2011), 155–165.
[9] Muhammad Arif Jalil, Iraj Sadegh Amiri, Chat Teeka, Jalil Ali, P.
P. Yupapin. All-optical Logic XOR/XNOR Gate Operation using
Microring and Nanoring Resonators. Global Journal of Physics
Express, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2011, 15-22.
[10] I. S. Amiri, K. Raman, A. Afroozeh, M.A. Jalil, I.N. Nawi, J. Ali,
P.P. Yupapin. Generation of DSA for Security Application.
Procedia Engineering (2011) , 8, pp. 360-365.
[11] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, I.N. Nawi, M.A. Jalil, A. Mohamad, J.
Ali, P.P. Yupapin. Dark Soliton Array for communication
security. Procedia Engineering (2011) , 8, pp. 417-422.
[12] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, J. Ali And P. P. Yupapin. Generation
of Quantum Codes Using Up And Down Link Optical Soliton,
Jurnal Teknologi, 55 (2011), 97–106.
[13] A. Afroozeh, I. S. Amiri, J. Ali And P. P. Yupapin.
Determination of FWHM For Soliton Trapping, Jurnal Teknologi,
55 (2011), 77–83.
[14] N. Suwanpayak, S. Songmuang, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, I. Naim,
J. Ali and P. P. Yupapin. Tunable and Storage Potential Well
using Microring Resonator System for Bio-Cell Trapping and
Delivery, AIP Conf. Proc. 1341, 289 (2011).
[15] M. Kouhnavard, I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. A. Jalil, J. Ali and
P. P Yupapin. QKD Via a Quantum Wavelength Router using
Spatial Soliton, AIP Conf. Proc. 1341, 210 (2011).
[16] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, J. Ali. Quantum Information Generation
Using Optical Potential Well, 2nd Annual International
Conference on Network Technologies & Communications (NTC
2011).
[17] A. Nikoukar, I. S. Amiri, J. Ali. Secured Binary Codes
Generation for Computer Network Communication, 2nd Annual
International Conference on Network Technologies &
Communications (NTC 2011).
[18] I. S. Amiri, M.H. Khanmirzaei, M. Kouhnavard, P.P. Yupapin, J.
Ali. Quantum Entanglement using Multi Dark Soliton Correlation
for Multivariable Quantum Router. Nova Science Publisher,
2011.
[19] I. S. Amiri, J. Ali, P.P. Yupapin. Enhancement of FSR and
Finesse Using Add/Drop Filter and PANDA Ring Resonator
Systems, International Journal of Modern Physics B, Vol. 25, No.
00 (2011) 1–13
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
Vol. 1 Issue 5, July - 2012
ISSN: 2278-0181
5www.ijert.org