Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) are financial institutions registered under the Companies Act and engaged in lending and investment activities. The document discusses the history and regulation of NBFCs in India. It outlines the various types of NBFCs and their roles in providing credit to sectors underserved by banks. While NBFCs cannot accept demand deposits like banks, they play an important role in developing industries and financing first-time buyers. The Reserve Bank of India regulates NBFC registration and prudential norms in India.

1. By -Pawan Singh Raikhola
12/3/20181
Non-Banking Financial
Company
(N.B.F.C.)

2. What is NBFC?
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 A Non-Banking Financial Company is a company
registered under the Companies Act, 1956.
 It is engaged in the business of Loans, Advances,
Acquisitions of share/ stock/ debenture/ securities
issued by government or local authority.
 Any company which has its own principles
business of receiving deposits under any scheme
mention under Companies Act, 1956 is also a
N.B.F.C. (Residuary Non-banking Company).

3. Historical Background
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 The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 was
amended on 1 December, 1964 by the Reserve
Bank Amendment Act, 1963 focuses to include
provisions relating to non banking institutions
receiving deposits and financial institutions.
 With a view to review the existing framework and
address these shortcomings various committees
were formed and reports were submitted by them.

4. The Committees
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 James Raj Committee (1974)
 Formed by RBI on 1974.
 Suggested for ban on Prize Chit and Other
Schemes.
 Dr. A.C. Committee (1992)
 Agenda for reforms in the NBFC sector.
 Vasudev Committee (1998)
 It focuses on flow of credits from bank to NBFCs
 Consider a suitable ratio as between secured and
unsecured deposits for NBFCs.

5. Registration of NBFCs
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 In terms of Section 45-IA of the RBI Act, 1934, it
is mandatory that every NBFC should be
registered with RBI to commence or carry on any
business of non-banking financial institution as
defined in clause (a) of Section 45 I of the RBI
Act, 1934.

6. Role of NBFCs
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 Development of sectors like Transport &
Infrastructure.
 Substantial employment generation.
 Help and increase wealth creation.
 Broad base economic development.
 Major thrust on semi-urban, rural areas & first
time buyers/ user.
 To finance economically weaker sections.

7. Importance of NBFCs
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 It is impossible for bank to cater need of society
alone so NBFC and Micro Finance Companies
become indispensable.
 NBFCs in India have become prominent in wide
range of activities.
 To help in developing the large number of
industries as well as entrepreneur in different
sectors of different areas.
 To cover all the areas which are untouched by
RBI or other FCIs.

8. Types Of NBFCs
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All NBFCs are either deposit taking or Non-deposit
taking. If they are non-deposit taking, ND is suffixed to
their name (NBFC-ND). The NBFCs which have asset
size of Rs.100 Crore or more are known as
Systematically Important NBFC. The Non-deposit
taking NBFCs are denoted as NBFC-NDSI. Under
these two broad categories, the different NBFCs are
as follows:-
1. Asset Finance Company
2. Investment Company
3. Loan Companies
4. Infrastructure Finance Companies
5. Mutual Benefit Financing Companies
6. Equipment Leasing Company
7. Hire Purchase Company

9. 12/3/20189
 Asset Finance Company: The main business of
these companies to finance the assets.
 Investment Company: The main business of
these companies is to deal in securities.
 Loan Company: The main business of such
companies is to make loans and advances
 Infrastructure Finance Company: A company
which has net owned funds of at least RS. 300
crore and has deployed 75% of its total assets in
Infrastructure loans is called IFC provided it has
credit rating of A or above and has a CRAR of
15%.

10. 12/3/201810
 Mutual Benefit Finance Company: These are
one of the oldest forms of NBFCs. It is a company
structure in which the company’s owners are also
its clients.
 Equipment Leasing Company: It is any financial
institution whose principal is business is that of
leasing equipments or financing of such an activity.
 Hire-Purchase Company: Means any company
which is a financial institution carrying on as its
principal business hiring purchase transaction or
financing of such transaction.

11. Difference between NBFC and Banks
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 NBFC cant accept demand deposits whereas banks do;
 NBFCs do not form part of the payment and settlement
system and can’t issue cheques drawn on itself but banks
can do it.
 While banks are incorporated under banking companies
act, NBFC is incorporated under company Act, 1956.
 The repayment of deposits by NBFCs is not guaranteed
by RBI.
 An NBFC can’t indulge Primarily in Agricultural, Industrial
Activity, Sale Purchase, Construction of Immovable
Property.
 Foreign Investment allowed up to 100% and in banks it is
allowed 74% .

12. Major NBFCs in India
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 Birla Global Finance
 Cholamandalam Investment & Finance Co. Ltd
 First Leasing Company of India
 LIC Housing Finance
 Sundaram Finance
 CanFin Homes
 Countrywide Finance
 Housing Development Finance Comapny Sakura
Capital India Ltd

13. Regulations
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 In India, The Reserve Bank of India regulates the
registration of NBFC.
 NBFCs do not hold banking license but they have
to follow the rules and regulations laid down by
RBI.
 The company must be registered as a public
limited company or private limited company.
 The company must have a minimum net owned
fund of Rs.2 Crore.
 NBFCs can offer interest rates not higher than the
ceiling rate prescribed by RBI from time to time.
 Repayment of deposits by NBFCs is not
guaranteed by RBI.

14. 12/3/201814
 All NBFCs are not entitled to accept public
deposits. Only those NBFCs holding a valid
Certificate of Registration with authorization to
accept Public Deposits can accept /hold public
deposits.
 These Company are allowed to accept/renew
public deposits for a minimum period of 12
months and maximum period of 60 months.
 NBFCs cannot offer gifts/incentives or any other
additional benefit to the depositors.

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