Night Vision technologies....Night vision Devices...History of Night vision.....types of Night Vision.....like invension of Pakistan you can send me message: naeemnazir906@gmail.com Naeemkamboh625@yahoo.com and check my other topics for slides just search on slideshare Naeem Kamboh Ravian Thankyou..

1. UNiVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
(GUJRANWALA CAMPUS)
(PUGC)
Batch(2015-19)

2. Night Vision
Presenter:
Naeem Ali (BT-15027)

3. Night Vision

4. INTRODUCTION
• The word ‘Night vision’ itself means the ability to see
in low light conditions.
• The original purpose of night vision was to locate
enemy targets at night.

5. History:
• The first practical night vision devices were developed in Germany in
the mid-1930s and were used by both German tanks and infantry
during World War II
• Pre 1940’s: Flares and spot lights were used for operations at night.

6. A tank from
World War II
equipped
with a search
light used for
night
combat.

7. Night vision Devices
It can be splitted in three broad categories:
• Scopes
• Goggles
• Cameras

8. scopes
• It is good for when you want to get a better look at a specific
object and then return to normal viewing conditions.
• Normally handheld or mounted on a weapon, scopes are
monocular (one eye-piece).
• Can not be worn like goggles.
• The average useful sight range for Gen 1 is about 75 yards

10. Goggles
• Goggles are excellent for constant viewing, such as moving
around in a dark building.
• While goggles can be handheld, they are most often worn on
the head.
• Goggles are binocular (two eye-pieces) and may have a
single lens or stereo lens, depending on the model.

12. Cameras
• Night-vision capability is desired in a permanent location,
such as on a building.
• Cameras with night-vision technology can send the image to
a monitor for display or to a VCR for recording.
• Best high definition 1080p security camera with 300ft of
long range night vision and 2.8-12mm lens to keep an eye on
large properties.

14. HOW DOES IT WORK?
Two technologies are used for night vision:
(1)-Thermal Imaging
(2)-Image Enhancement

15. THERMAL IMAGING
• A special lens focuses the infrared light emitted by all of the objects in
view.
• The focused light is scanned by a phased array of infrared-detector
elements.
• The detector elements create a very detailed temperature pattern
called a thermogram.
• It only takes about one-thirtieth of a second for the detector array to
obtain the temperature information to make the thermogram.

17. Thermal Imaging
• This information is obtained from several thousand points
in the field of view of the detector array.
• The thermogram created by the detector elements is
translated into electric impulses.
• The impulses are sent to a signal-processing unit, a circuit
board with a dedicated chip that translates the information
from the elements into data for the display.

18. Thermal Imaging
• The signal-processing unit sends the information to the display, where
it appears as various colors depending on the intensity of the infrared
emission.
• The combination of all the impulses from all of the elements creates
the image.

19. Dark vision

21. Image Enhancement

22. Image Enhancement
• An image-intensifier tube is used to collect and amplify infrared and
visible light.
• A conventional lens, called the objective lens, captures ambient light
and some near-infrared light.
• The gathered light is sent to the image-intensifier tube.
• The image-intensifier tube has a photocathode, which is used to
convert the photons of light energy into electrons

23. Image Enhancement
• A Microscopic plate(MCP) is a tiny glass disk that has millions of
microscopic holes in it.
• The MCP is contained in a vacuum and has metal electrodes on
either side of the disc.
• When the electrons from the photo cathode hit the first electrode of
the MCP, they are accelerated into the glass micro-channels by the
5,000-V bursts being sent between the electrode pair.

24. Image Enhancement
• As electrons pass through the micro channels, they cause thousands
of other electrons to be released in each channel using a process
called cascaded secondary emission.
• At the end of the image-intensifier tube, the electrons hit a screen
coated with phosphors.
• These electrons maintain their position in relation to the channel they
passed through, which provides a perfect image since the electrons
stay in the same alignment as the original photons.

25. Image Enhancement
• The energy of the electrons causes the phosphors to reach
an excited state and release photons.
• These photons create the image on the screen.
• The green phosphor image is viewed through another lens,
called the ocular lens, which allows you to magnify and focus
the image.
• The NVD may be connected to a monitor to display the
image.

26. Image Enhancement

27. Image Enhancement

28. Generations
• NVDs have been around for more than 50 years. They are categorized by
generation.
• Each substantial change in NVD technology establishes a new generation.
• Generation 0
• Generation 1 (GEN I)
• Generation 2 (GEN II)
• Generation 3 (GEN III)
• Generation 3+ (GEN III OMNI IV - VII)
• Auto-gating
• Figure of Merit

29. Applications
•Military
• Hunting
• Wildlife observation
• Surveillance
• Security
• Navigation
• Hidden-object detection

30. Video