This document discusses new ethical dilemmas arising from increasing use of technology by counselors. It begins by outlining the history of technology use in counseling from audio taping in the 1940s to current uses of email, texting and social media. It then discusses different types of digital users from digital immigrants to natives and the digital divide.
Next, it covers specific issues around social media use, providing statistics on popular sites and detailing how clients commonly use technology. It outlines ethical issues around counselor self-disclosure on social media and maintaining privacy when emailing or texting clients.
Finally, it questions whether counselors should have social media policies and explores different policy considerations around friending clients, posting photos,
This document discusses new ethical dilemmas that counselors face with the rise of technology use. It provides an outline on the history of technology in counseling, different digital types like digital immigrants and natives, and the increasing use of social media and mobile devices. The document notes that while ethics codes provide guidance, they cannot address every new situation and counselors must consider practical realities. It emphasizes that technology has changed how many receive information and communicate, but the field has not fully adapted guidance and many counselors struggle to keep pace with these changes.
New Ethical Dilemmas in the Digital agemikewilhelm
New ethical dilemmas have emerged with the rise of digital technology and social media use. Counselors must consider issues around self-disclosure, privacy, and multiple relationships when using technology. While ethical codes provide guidance, they have not kept up with rapid changes in technology. Counselors should thoughtfully consider how to handle self-disclosure and maintain appropriate boundaries online, as anything shared can remain accessible indefinitely. Special considerations apply for rural counselors due to higher risks of overlapping relationships. Overall, technology requires balancing client welfare and counselor ethics in an evolving landscape.
This document provides an overview of technology-based clinical supervision. It begins by familiarizing the audience with technology-based clinical supervision research and demonstrating its utility. It then discusses six key benefits of using technology to extend the reach of clinical supervision: 1) Increases access to quality supervision, 2) Enhances cultural competency, 3) Strengthens professional identity, 4) Supports program integration, 5) Shepherds in a new era of technology, and 6) Promotes fidelity to evidence-based practices. The document argues that technology-based clinical supervision can help address barriers to accessing supervision like cost, travel time, and lack of qualified supervisors, while maintaining or improving supervision quality.
Technology-based Clinical Supervision: Extending the Reach of Clinical Superv...mikewilhelm
This document outlines an agenda and goals for a training on using technology to extend the reach of clinical supervisors. The training will familiarize clinical supervisors with research on technology-based clinical supervision and demonstrate how different technologies can be used to deliver supervision services. The agenda includes sessions on introducing TBCS, discussing barriers to accessing supervision, reviewing the benefits of TBCS, identifying ingredients for effective TBCS, demonstrating technology tools, and developing strategies to overcome barriers. The goals are for participants to better understand issues of access to supervision, how TBCS can help address problems, and gain skills in using technology for supervision.
The document discusses the history and increasing use of technology in mental health treatment, known as e-therapy or telehealth. It outlines some of the key considerations for counselors providing telehealth services, including developing competency with the various technologies, ensuring informed consent from clients that addresses limitations of virtual care, and establishing guidelines around issues like verifying client identity and location, assessing appropriateness for remote care, managing emergencies, and maintaining confidentiality. Overall, the document suggests that with proper training, guidelines and informed consent, meaningful therapeutic relationships can be developed through telehealth even without in-person interaction.
Leveraging Large Data Sets to Make Technology more Accessible for Older PeopleMaria Wolters
This document discusses how large aging-related data sets can help make technology more accessible for older people. It outlines how surveys that collect data on functional impairments, disabilities, activities of daily living, and socioeconomic factors can identify accessibility issues. A case study examines how reanalyzing wealth and shopping difficulty data informed research on online security challenges for older adults. The document argues that comprehensive population-level data is needed to understand the diversity of older adults and ensure inclusive design that meets the needs of all users.
Maninger, robert m seniors and technology ijsaid v13 n1 2011William Kritsonis
The document summarizes a study on how senior citizens have adapted to using technology. The study interviewed 16 residents of an assisted living community ranging in age from 75 to 102 years old. It found that most had college degrees and had used computers previously for work. The majority now owned home computers and used technology mainly for email, internet searching, and data entry to stay connected with family and friends. It concluded that higher education levels make adapting to technology easier for seniors and that self-directed learning helps them remain independent. More research is still needed on how seniors without digital literacy can also adapt.
Describes intermediated technology use in resource-constrained urban slums, including mechanisms, interface requirements, and its broader effects. Can help designers of technology for "developing" regions.
This document discusses new ethical dilemmas that counselors face with the rise of technology use. It provides an outline on the history of technology in counseling, different digital types like digital immigrants and natives, and the increasing use of social media and mobile devices. The document notes that while ethics codes provide guidance, they cannot address every new situation and counselors must consider practical realities. It emphasizes that technology has changed how many receive information and communicate, but the field has not fully adapted guidance and many counselors struggle to keep pace with these changes.
New Ethical Dilemmas in the Digital agemikewilhelm
New ethical dilemmas have emerged with the rise of digital technology and social media use. Counselors must consider issues around self-disclosure, privacy, and multiple relationships when using technology. While ethical codes provide guidance, they have not kept up with rapid changes in technology. Counselors should thoughtfully consider how to handle self-disclosure and maintain appropriate boundaries online, as anything shared can remain accessible indefinitely. Special considerations apply for rural counselors due to higher risks of overlapping relationships. Overall, technology requires balancing client welfare and counselor ethics in an evolving landscape.
This document provides an overview of technology-based clinical supervision. It begins by familiarizing the audience with technology-based clinical supervision research and demonstrating its utility. It then discusses six key benefits of using technology to extend the reach of clinical supervision: 1) Increases access to quality supervision, 2) Enhances cultural competency, 3) Strengthens professional identity, 4) Supports program integration, 5) Shepherds in a new era of technology, and 6) Promotes fidelity to evidence-based practices. The document argues that technology-based clinical supervision can help address barriers to accessing supervision like cost, travel time, and lack of qualified supervisors, while maintaining or improving supervision quality.
Technology-based Clinical Supervision: Extending the Reach of Clinical Superv...mikewilhelm
This document outlines an agenda and goals for a training on using technology to extend the reach of clinical supervisors. The training will familiarize clinical supervisors with research on technology-based clinical supervision and demonstrate how different technologies can be used to deliver supervision services. The agenda includes sessions on introducing TBCS, discussing barriers to accessing supervision, reviewing the benefits of TBCS, identifying ingredients for effective TBCS, demonstrating technology tools, and developing strategies to overcome barriers. The goals are for participants to better understand issues of access to supervision, how TBCS can help address problems, and gain skills in using technology for supervision.
The document discusses the history and increasing use of technology in mental health treatment, known as e-therapy or telehealth. It outlines some of the key considerations for counselors providing telehealth services, including developing competency with the various technologies, ensuring informed consent from clients that addresses limitations of virtual care, and establishing guidelines around issues like verifying client identity and location, assessing appropriateness for remote care, managing emergencies, and maintaining confidentiality. Overall, the document suggests that with proper training, guidelines and informed consent, meaningful therapeutic relationships can be developed through telehealth even without in-person interaction.
Leveraging Large Data Sets to Make Technology more Accessible for Older PeopleMaria Wolters
This document discusses how large aging-related data sets can help make technology more accessible for older people. It outlines how surveys that collect data on functional impairments, disabilities, activities of daily living, and socioeconomic factors can identify accessibility issues. A case study examines how reanalyzing wealth and shopping difficulty data informed research on online security challenges for older adults. The document argues that comprehensive population-level data is needed to understand the diversity of older adults and ensure inclusive design that meets the needs of all users.
Maninger, robert m seniors and technology ijsaid v13 n1 2011William Kritsonis
The document summarizes a study on how senior citizens have adapted to using technology. The study interviewed 16 residents of an assisted living community ranging in age from 75 to 102 years old. It found that most had college degrees and had used computers previously for work. The majority now owned home computers and used technology mainly for email, internet searching, and data entry to stay connected with family and friends. It concluded that higher education levels make adapting to technology easier for seniors and that self-directed learning helps them remain independent. More research is still needed on how seniors without digital literacy can also adapt.
Describes intermediated technology use in resource-constrained urban slums, including mechanisms, interface requirements, and its broader effects. Can help designers of technology for "developing" regions.
Technology, Poverty Reduction & the Responsbility of EngineersIlse Oosterlaken
Technology has an immense potential to contribute to poverty reduction and human development, and the details of design are crucial for its impact. Engineers are thus in a position to make a real difference in the world. Yet to do this in a responsible way is a challenge, as the meaning of human development is far from obvious and even contested, and the relation between technology and poverty reduction is complex. Too often technology introduced in the South has failed, or disadvantaged already marginalized groups, or led to other negative societal consequences. In this talk I will introduce the ‘capability approach’ of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum as a providing designers and engineers with a useful lens through which to examine this nexus. Justice, well-being and human agency are central values in this approach, which focusses on the capabilities that individuals have to lead the life they have reason to value. As such, it moves away from a simplistic picture of poverty as merely a lack of income. It also draws attention to the great diversity in people and their social and natural environments, awareness of which is also of great importance for engineers and designers wishing to work and engage in this area. The real question is thus not “what if… technology challenged poverty and social inequality?”, but “how exactly… are we going to make technology truly challenge poverty and social inequality?”
Videoconferencing as a therapeutic tool for victimsDeniseDJ
This document discusses using videoconferencing as a therapeutic tool for victims. It proposes providing online counseling via synchronous videoconferencing to rural populations who have experienced domestic violence and sexual assault. Research shows this approach can effectively deliver trauma-focused therapy and reduce PTSD and depression symptoms. The benefits of online counseling include increased access, reduced geographical barriers, and lower costs compared to in-person sessions. Privacy, legal and ethical guidelines must still be considered.
This was the final paper for a class I took about research methods in technical communication. I chose to focus of the role of technical communiacation with regards to the senior citizen population.
Masking Tape, ICT and Intellectual DisabilityAnn Davidson
This document discusses a study that used collaborative action research to identify problems and solutions for people with intellectual disabilities during their community and residential integration process. The study involved 10 adults with intellectual disabilities as full co-researchers over 8 months. It aimed to understand the real problems they faced and how information and communications technology could help solve issues. Participants helped formulate research questions, collect and analyze data, and interpret findings. They learned problem-solving skills and gained confidence through using technologies like voice recorders, cameras, and masking tape to create self-advocacy videos. The research produced a shift in control and ownership of information for participants as they identified their own problems and solutions in ways they could understand.
Chat 2 Recovery is a unique online addiction treatment program for individuals age 21 and over. Nick Lessa, founder of Chat 2 Recovery, provided this presentation at the The 45th Annual Addictions Institute Conference, held in NYC June of 2013
This document provides an introduction to cybersecurity ethics. It discusses how ethics is relevant to technology and cybersecurity given that technologies impact human lives and opportunities. Some key ethical issues in cybersecurity include:
- Cybersecurity practices aim to protect data, systems and networks that support important human institutions and practices, and therefore impact individuals' ability to live well.
- New technologies are transforming society rapidly, outpacing legal frameworks. This increases the need for technical experts to consider ethical impacts of their work.
- Technologies can distribute benefits and harms unevenly, raising issues of justice and fairness.
- As systems become more interconnected and vulnerable, cybersecurity professionals face challenges in balancing security with factors like costs, transparency
This document summarizes a study called the ECOTECH Project which aimed to understand how older adults and their caregivers contribute perspectives to Regional Health Innovation Ecosystems (RHIEs), and how their role could be enhanced. The study used a mixed-methods approach including a scoping review, focus groups/interviews, and concept mapping. Key findings included that older adults want more meaningful engagement in health innovation, stakeholders see value in their involvement, and engagement could provide societal benefits. Barriers to involvement include ageism and ineffective communication. The concept mapping identified priorities around public forums, co-production/partnerships, and engagement of older adults. The study concludes more collaboration is needed to implement frameworks that improve involvement of older adults
Consumer Health Informatics, Mobile Health, and Social Media for Health: Part...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 10, 2021
This document summarizes Don Juzwishin's 2009 plenary speech at the ITCH conference about revolutionizing healthcare with health informatics. It discusses how technologies like Web 2.0, Health 2.0, and Medicine 2.0 can enable improvements by empowering patients, improving knowledge sharing between providers, and enabling healthcare reforms. The speech argues these technologies provide opportunities to improve outcomes by making high-quality evidence more accessible and encouraging collaboration, but require cultural changes for healthcare to fully benefit.
This document discusses how consumers use the internet and social media for health information. About half of US adults own smartphones and 17% use them to look up health information. Social media allows for direct communication between patients and providers and the sharing of health experiences. However, privacy and unreliable information are concerns. The role of nurses includes disseminating effective health information online and enhancing provider-patient communication through technology.
ONLINE COUNSELLING: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATUREVideoguy
This document provides a literature review on online counselling. It begins with an introduction describing East Metro Youth Services' new online counselling program and the purpose of the review. The review then discusses definitions and forms of online counselling, including asynchronous email and synchronous chat/video. It summarizes research on the history, prevalence, and typical clients/issues in online counselling. Finally, it provides an overview of internet use in Canada. The key points are that online counselling is a growing field, typically used for relationship and mental health issues, and that Canadians, especially youth, increasingly use the internet and may be open to receiving counselling services online.
Supporting social presence through asynchronous awareness systemsOnno Romijn
This chapter discusses research conducted to understand the requirements of elderly for informal social telecommunication media that may be addressed through awareness technologies. It discusses the relation between the concept of social presence and the notion of awareness that the class of systems studied supports. Finally, we draw attention to the research method used which we feel is the most appropriate for gauging the social effects of technologies introduced to support social activities through ICT
Intermittent participation how sociability and usability shape mediated mobil...Dana Rotman
This document summarizes a study on how sociability and usability shape mediated mobile interaction. The study examined how students at the University of Maryland used iPhones both on and off campus for social networking and classwork. Findings showed that while users were constantly connected via their smartphones, usability issues with apps and keyboards led them to have intermittent rather than constant participation in social media. Their sociability was constrained by usability factors, resulting in awareness of others but circumventing constraints through calibrated intermittent interaction.
Telehealth: It's Not about the Technology, It's about Expanding Access and En...mikewilhelm
The document discusses telehealth technologies that can be used to provide substance abuse treatment in rural and frontier areas. It notes that over half of the US land mass and about a quarter of the population live in these remote areas, where treatment access is limited due to geographic and other barriers. Telehealth modalities like videoconferencing, web-based programs, mobile apps, and telephone have shown promise in expanding access. However, privacy, security, and reimbursement issues pose challenges to wider telehealth adoption for addiction treatment. The document provides an overview of different technologies and studies on their use in behavioral health.
Working Through Ethical Dilemmas: When the Deciding Gets ToughBarry Casey
Making ethical choices is never easy, but it helps to know what are ethical dilemmas and what comes down to doing the right thing rather than the wrong thing. Here are some insights—and tools—to understanding ethical dilemmas.
The document outlines the steps taken to address an ethical dilemma regarding hiring a candidate with a criminal record against company policy. The dilemma involved a candidate with a felony forgery conviction from 2000 who had been rehabilitated. After getting the facts, identifying the options of hiring him or not, and testing the options, the decision was made to hire him based on evidence of his rehabilitation. He was given a role without financial access and has now worked successfully for 6 months with no issues.
David Resnik - MedicReS World Congress 2012MedicReS
Ethical Dilemmas in Scientific Research
David B. Resnik, JD, PhD, NIEHS/NIH
This research is supported by the NIEHS/NIH. It does not represent the views of the NIEHS, NIH, or US government.
http://blueelephantconsulting.com - In this presentation, Dr. Anderson shows that the techniques that we generally use to make decisions may not work when it comes to making good ethical decisions. Instead, Dr. Anderson provides a 5-step framework for engineers to use when they are faced with having to make a good ethical decision.
This document discusses strategies for managing ethical dilemmas, including setting codes of ethics, imposing sanctions, education programs, and using decision-support frameworks. It provides examples of codes of ethics from various professions and organizations. It also presents sample ethical dilemmas and asks how to prevent or handle each one, focusing on identifying the dilemma, options to address it, and why each option may be problematic. The role of an investigator in addressing each dilemma is also discussed.
The Titanic was a British passenger ship that was considered unsinkable but sank on its maiden voyage from England to America in April 1912. It hit an iceberg that caused a large hole below the waterline, and the Titanic sank within three hours, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people. The Titanic was luxurious for its passengers but lacked enough lifeboats for all aboard due to the belief it was unsinkable.
Technology, Poverty Reduction & the Responsbility of EngineersIlse Oosterlaken
Technology has an immense potential to contribute to poverty reduction and human development, and the details of design are crucial for its impact. Engineers are thus in a position to make a real difference in the world. Yet to do this in a responsible way is a challenge, as the meaning of human development is far from obvious and even contested, and the relation between technology and poverty reduction is complex. Too often technology introduced in the South has failed, or disadvantaged already marginalized groups, or led to other negative societal consequences. In this talk I will introduce the ‘capability approach’ of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum as a providing designers and engineers with a useful lens through which to examine this nexus. Justice, well-being and human agency are central values in this approach, which focusses on the capabilities that individuals have to lead the life they have reason to value. As such, it moves away from a simplistic picture of poverty as merely a lack of income. It also draws attention to the great diversity in people and their social and natural environments, awareness of which is also of great importance for engineers and designers wishing to work and engage in this area. The real question is thus not “what if… technology challenged poverty and social inequality?”, but “how exactly… are we going to make technology truly challenge poverty and social inequality?”
Videoconferencing as a therapeutic tool for victimsDeniseDJ
This document discusses using videoconferencing as a therapeutic tool for victims. It proposes providing online counseling via synchronous videoconferencing to rural populations who have experienced domestic violence and sexual assault. Research shows this approach can effectively deliver trauma-focused therapy and reduce PTSD and depression symptoms. The benefits of online counseling include increased access, reduced geographical barriers, and lower costs compared to in-person sessions. Privacy, legal and ethical guidelines must still be considered.
This was the final paper for a class I took about research methods in technical communication. I chose to focus of the role of technical communiacation with regards to the senior citizen population.
Masking Tape, ICT and Intellectual DisabilityAnn Davidson
This document discusses a study that used collaborative action research to identify problems and solutions for people with intellectual disabilities during their community and residential integration process. The study involved 10 adults with intellectual disabilities as full co-researchers over 8 months. It aimed to understand the real problems they faced and how information and communications technology could help solve issues. Participants helped formulate research questions, collect and analyze data, and interpret findings. They learned problem-solving skills and gained confidence through using technologies like voice recorders, cameras, and masking tape to create self-advocacy videos. The research produced a shift in control and ownership of information for participants as they identified their own problems and solutions in ways they could understand.
Chat 2 Recovery is a unique online addiction treatment program for individuals age 21 and over. Nick Lessa, founder of Chat 2 Recovery, provided this presentation at the The 45th Annual Addictions Institute Conference, held in NYC June of 2013
This document provides an introduction to cybersecurity ethics. It discusses how ethics is relevant to technology and cybersecurity given that technologies impact human lives and opportunities. Some key ethical issues in cybersecurity include:
- Cybersecurity practices aim to protect data, systems and networks that support important human institutions and practices, and therefore impact individuals' ability to live well.
- New technologies are transforming society rapidly, outpacing legal frameworks. This increases the need for technical experts to consider ethical impacts of their work.
- Technologies can distribute benefits and harms unevenly, raising issues of justice and fairness.
- As systems become more interconnected and vulnerable, cybersecurity professionals face challenges in balancing security with factors like costs, transparency
This document summarizes a study called the ECOTECH Project which aimed to understand how older adults and their caregivers contribute perspectives to Regional Health Innovation Ecosystems (RHIEs), and how their role could be enhanced. The study used a mixed-methods approach including a scoping review, focus groups/interviews, and concept mapping. Key findings included that older adults want more meaningful engagement in health innovation, stakeholders see value in their involvement, and engagement could provide societal benefits. Barriers to involvement include ageism and ineffective communication. The concept mapping identified priorities around public forums, co-production/partnerships, and engagement of older adults. The study concludes more collaboration is needed to implement frameworks that improve involvement of older adults
Consumer Health Informatics, Mobile Health, and Social Media for Health: Part...Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
Presented at the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy Programs in Data Science for Healthcare and Clinical Informatics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand on November 10, 2021
This document summarizes Don Juzwishin's 2009 plenary speech at the ITCH conference about revolutionizing healthcare with health informatics. It discusses how technologies like Web 2.0, Health 2.0, and Medicine 2.0 can enable improvements by empowering patients, improving knowledge sharing between providers, and enabling healthcare reforms. The speech argues these technologies provide opportunities to improve outcomes by making high-quality evidence more accessible and encouraging collaboration, but require cultural changes for healthcare to fully benefit.
This document discusses how consumers use the internet and social media for health information. About half of US adults own smartphones and 17% use them to look up health information. Social media allows for direct communication between patients and providers and the sharing of health experiences. However, privacy and unreliable information are concerns. The role of nurses includes disseminating effective health information online and enhancing provider-patient communication through technology.
ONLINE COUNSELLING: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATUREVideoguy
This document provides a literature review on online counselling. It begins with an introduction describing East Metro Youth Services' new online counselling program and the purpose of the review. The review then discusses definitions and forms of online counselling, including asynchronous email and synchronous chat/video. It summarizes research on the history, prevalence, and typical clients/issues in online counselling. Finally, it provides an overview of internet use in Canada. The key points are that online counselling is a growing field, typically used for relationship and mental health issues, and that Canadians, especially youth, increasingly use the internet and may be open to receiving counselling services online.
Supporting social presence through asynchronous awareness systemsOnno Romijn
This chapter discusses research conducted to understand the requirements of elderly for informal social telecommunication media that may be addressed through awareness technologies. It discusses the relation between the concept of social presence and the notion of awareness that the class of systems studied supports. Finally, we draw attention to the research method used which we feel is the most appropriate for gauging the social effects of technologies introduced to support social activities through ICT
Intermittent participation how sociability and usability shape mediated mobil...Dana Rotman
This document summarizes a study on how sociability and usability shape mediated mobile interaction. The study examined how students at the University of Maryland used iPhones both on and off campus for social networking and classwork. Findings showed that while users were constantly connected via their smartphones, usability issues with apps and keyboards led them to have intermittent rather than constant participation in social media. Their sociability was constrained by usability factors, resulting in awareness of others but circumventing constraints through calibrated intermittent interaction.
Telehealth: It's Not about the Technology, It's about Expanding Access and En...mikewilhelm
The document discusses telehealth technologies that can be used to provide substance abuse treatment in rural and frontier areas. It notes that over half of the US land mass and about a quarter of the population live in these remote areas, where treatment access is limited due to geographic and other barriers. Telehealth modalities like videoconferencing, web-based programs, mobile apps, and telephone have shown promise in expanding access. However, privacy, security, and reimbursement issues pose challenges to wider telehealth adoption for addiction treatment. The document provides an overview of different technologies and studies on their use in behavioral health.
Working Through Ethical Dilemmas: When the Deciding Gets ToughBarry Casey
Making ethical choices is never easy, but it helps to know what are ethical dilemmas and what comes down to doing the right thing rather than the wrong thing. Here are some insights—and tools—to understanding ethical dilemmas.
The document outlines the steps taken to address an ethical dilemma regarding hiring a candidate with a criminal record against company policy. The dilemma involved a candidate with a felony forgery conviction from 2000 who had been rehabilitated. After getting the facts, identifying the options of hiring him or not, and testing the options, the decision was made to hire him based on evidence of his rehabilitation. He was given a role without financial access and has now worked successfully for 6 months with no issues.
David Resnik - MedicReS World Congress 2012MedicReS
Ethical Dilemmas in Scientific Research
David B. Resnik, JD, PhD, NIEHS/NIH
This research is supported by the NIEHS/NIH. It does not represent the views of the NIEHS, NIH, or US government.
http://blueelephantconsulting.com - In this presentation, Dr. Anderson shows that the techniques that we generally use to make decisions may not work when it comes to making good ethical decisions. Instead, Dr. Anderson provides a 5-step framework for engineers to use when they are faced with having to make a good ethical decision.
This document discusses strategies for managing ethical dilemmas, including setting codes of ethics, imposing sanctions, education programs, and using decision-support frameworks. It provides examples of codes of ethics from various professions and organizations. It also presents sample ethical dilemmas and asks how to prevent or handle each one, focusing on identifying the dilemma, options to address it, and why each option may be problematic. The role of an investigator in addressing each dilemma is also discussed.
The Titanic was a British passenger ship that was considered unsinkable but sank on its maiden voyage from England to America in April 1912. It hit an iceberg that caused a large hole below the waterline, and the Titanic sank within three hours, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people. The Titanic was luxurious for its passengers but lacked enough lifeboats for all aboard due to the belief it was unsinkable.
This document discusses several MMS scandals that have occurred in India involving the non-consensual sharing of nude images. It notes MMS scandals rocking schools in Jamshedpur and Delhi Business School. It also mentions a scandal involving South Indian actresses Namitha and Malavika. The document advises parents to monitor what sites their children frequent online, who their online friends are, what they discuss, and what they do online in order to prevent cyber issues and use the internet responsibly.
This document discusses several ethical issues related to privacy and security in a digital context. It addresses privacy invasions like intrusion of solitude and public disclosure of private facts. It defines hacking and identifies three categories of hackers. It examines ethical perspectives on hacking including utilitarian, rights, fairness, common good, and virtue perspectives. It also covers information security concepts like confidentiality, integrity and availability. It discusses identity theft and provides tips for prevention.
1 Ethics and the engineer
2 Chapter introduction: Accuracy and rigour
Acting with care and competence
Staying within your limits
Keeping up to date
Ensuring others are not misled
Being objective
Evaluating risks
3 Chapter introduction: Honesty and integrity
Affecting others
Preventing corruption
Rejecting bribery
Gaining trust
4 Chapter introduction: Respect for life, law and public good
Justifying the work
Minimising and justifying adverse effects
Respecting limited resources
Health and safety
The reputation of engineering
5 Chapter introduction - Responsible leadership: listening and informing
Listening to society
Promoting public awareness
Truth and objectivity
Engineering Ethics
A nuclear accident is defined as an event involving significant radioactive release or reactor core melt. Examples include Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters where earthquakes and tsunamis disabled cooling systems, causing reactor cores to melt. This can release massive amounts of radiation into the environment for hundreds of years. During a meltdown, the extreme heat causes reactor fuel to melt through containment and react with groundwater, potentially causing large radioactive steam explosions. Proper cooling systems are needed to safely control reactor heat and prevent meltdowns.
The document defines different types of disasters including natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, man-made disasters triggered by human activity, and technological disasters caused by industrial accidents or infrastructure failures. It provides examples of specific disaster types such as nuclear disasters from accidents at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island, the Bhopal chemical plant leak, and oil spills. The impacts of disasters can persist for years through conditions like PTSD, depression, and anxiety.
The document outlines the materials used in constructing the Titanic and analyzes the causes of its sinking. It notes that the Titanic was constructed using thousands of mild steel plates and over 2 million steel and wrought iron rivets. The failure of the wrought iron rivets in sealing the hull plates, along with design flaws of the watertight compartments, caused the ship to sink after colliding with an iceberg. Tests showed the wrought iron rivets were more brittle than steel rivets, and likely fractured on impact due to the low temperature of the water. Had it been constructed using modern steels, the Titanic may not have sunk as quickly.
This document discusses approaches to engineering ethics and provides steps to resolve ethical dilemmas. It describes two approaches: consequentialism, which focuses on outcomes without harm, and deontological, which argues that some actions are inherently wrong. It advises considering all options and their consequences, evaluating options based on ethical principles like fairness and respect, and making a decision based on minimizing harm. The document provides a process for analyzing dilemmas, identifying responsible actions, and addressing root causes to prevent future issues.
This document outlines two ethical dilemmas faced by the Allen family and discusses relevant ethical principles and the nurse's role. The first dilemma is that Clifford exhibits poor coping skills and depression and refuses help. The second is that Pam has cancer and is ambivalent about treatment. The document discusses the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, fidelity and advocacy. It also outlines the IDEA model and Baird method for ethical decision making.
Senses of “Engineering Ethics” – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Models of professional roles - Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and Religion – Uses of Ethical Theories
This document discusses ethics in cyber space. It begins by defining ethics as understanding how actions affect others, knowing right from wrong, and taking responsibility. It notes that what is unethical is not always illegal. The document then defines cyberethics as the study of ethics pertaining to computer networks and how technology affects individuals and society. It discusses several ethical issues like privacy, access rights, and harmful actions. The document provides examples of common unethical cyber behaviors like cyberbullying, plagiarism, and violating privacy policies. It emphasizes that everyone must be concerned with cyber ethics to ensure technology is used safely and for the benefit of society.
The document discusses the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster that occurred in 2011. [1] It provides background on the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant and its structure. [2] It then explains that the disaster was caused by an earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 that shut down reactors. [3] The summary describes some of the key events and impacts of the accident in the following days, as well as consequences on health, society, the economy and environment.
The document discusses research on why adults share personal information online. It presents five research questions focusing on how perceptions of communication tools and audiences affect self-disclosure. Several theories are discussed that may help explain online self-disclosure, including symbolic interactionism and hyperpersonal communication. A mixed methods study is proposed involving a survey and interviews to explore the relationship between tool intimacy, imagined audiences, and depth of self-disclosure.
This document presents a research proposal exploring the role of trust in user engagement with technology. The researcher aims to understand why user behavior does not change significantly despite repeated privacy and security breaches. They plan to validate an existing socio-technical model of trust through literature review, model comparison, and structural equation modeling. The expected outcomes are a robust socio-technical model of trust that provides insight into user behavior and informs responsible software design. The research is relevant to understanding technology usage and its social impacts.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on digital types and the digital divide. It discusses categories of digital natives, immigrants, pros and novices. It also covers other digital types like avoiders, minimalists, tourists, enthusiasts and innovators. Breakout groups were asked to discuss their own digital type and how it may affect working with clients. The next week's learning activity on researching ethical codes regarding technology was previewed before closing.
This document discusses ethical considerations for behavioral health professionals regarding social media and technology use. It provides an overview of key topics like self-disclosure, privacy, overlapping relationships, and developing social media policies. Guidelines are presented on maintaining appropriate boundaries online and avoiding sharing private client information publicly. The current COVID-19 pandemic is noted as requiring additional flexibility and virtual care options, though on a temporary basis only. Overall the document aims to promote awareness of evolving technology and help professionals navigate related ethical dilemmas.
This document discusses ethics and social media in physical therapy. It begins by defining social media and networking, and discussing their purposes. It then covers popular social media platforms and statistics. The document identifies key ethical and legal issues around maintaining patient privacy and professional boundaries. It presents a framework for ethical decision making regarding social media use. Finally, it provides recommendations for developing a social media strategy and guidelines on appropriate social media behaviors.
This document discusses ethics and social media in physical therapy. It defines social media and networking, and identifies their purpose of connecting people. Various social media platforms are discussed, along with statistics on their usage. Ethical and legal issues with social media use are identified, including maintaining privacy and confidentiality. Guidelines are provided for physical therapists to make ethical decisions regarding social media use and to develop a professional online presence.
Requirements by Proxy - Designing Computer Games for Users with Learning Disa...Patrick Stacey
The document discusses requirements for designing computer games for users with learning disabilities (LD). It outlines several key challenges, including that LD users are highly sensitive and vulnerable, may struggle physically and lack motivation. Standard requirements elicitation approaches are challenging for this group. The study examined the game "Somability" designed to motivate physical exercise for LD users. Findings showed that using theatrical techniques like method acting helped designers understand users. However, even sensitive approaches are not enough and LD games require characteristics like repetition and safety over competition. The study concluded that LD game design requires empathic understanding of users' needs.
Many experts say the rise of embedded and wearable computing will bring the next revolution in digital technology. They say the upsides are enhanced health, convenience, productivity, safety, and more useful information for people/organizations. At KMWorld Confererence, Lee Rainie shares the latest findings from Pew Research about the internet and puts it into organizational context with the expanding Internet of Things.
Practicing social media in health and medicine: A primer for researchers and ...Daniel Hooker
This document provides an overview of social media use in health and medicine. It defines social media and common platforms like blogs, Twitter, and Facebook. It discusses issues around privacy, professionalism, and information quality. Examples of current research directions are given, such as facilitating collaboration and clinical trial recruitment. The future is predicted to hold opening up of peer review and shifting roles for patients, providers and policymakers. Social media is seen as a way to stay current and fight misinformation.
You Are What You Tweet - Physicians, Professionalism, and Social MediaDavid Marcus
A brief intro to social media and discussion on the way that GME educators should approach SoMe. Delivered at the Lenox Hill Hospital GME Sub-Committee Retreat on March 31st, 2016.
2016 06 27 dia ibara e_source final distributionMichael Ibara
The document summarizes discussions from a meeting of the eSource Stakeholders Group. It identifies the various stakeholders involved in making electronic source (eSource) data capture a success and notes that progress has been challenging due to a lack of a shared understanding (or praxis) among stakeholders. The group is working to build conceptual foundations and address topics like data provenance, electronic case report forms, system validation/privacy, and economics/costs through focused work groups. Next steps include CDISC seeking to work directly with sponsors on demonstration projects to help advance the vision of optimizing electronic data sources to improve clinical trials.
- The document discusses the MoVE research project, which takes a broad approach to health and social justice issues in South Africa through participatory visual methodologies.
- It explores topics like identity, power, mobilities, work, health determinants, violence, and inequalities. Researchers aim to involve marginalized communities and challenge established knowledge through mixed methods and multi-disciplinary partnerships.
- The project grapples with questions around ethics, representation, knowledge production, and ensuring research has real impact through dissemination and advocacy.
JVS Debra Ruh Disability Inclusion and Employabilitykmzook
Featuring Debra Ruh | Global Disability-Inclusion Strategist
HR Professionals, Employers and Business Leaders:
Join industry experts at this educational and networking event to learn strategies for creating diverse workplaces.
During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic, there were multiple lessons provided to the world. In this talk, I set the stage for the discussion, highlight the issues we faced (and still face), I speak to an effort that contributed to help address one of those issues, then speak to future challenges and our responsibilities going forward.
In this session, we talk about the mobile and social web, and how it shapes economy, individual behavior and well-being, political events, and society as a whole.
The Next 25 Years of HCI Research: Technology-Mediated Social ParticipationUniversity of Maryland
The document discusses the next 25 years of human-computer interaction (HCI) research with a focus on technology-mediated social participation. It outlines three main goals: 1) focusing HCI research on national priorities like disaster response, health, education and more, 2) developing theories of how social media networks evolve and participation can be increased, and 3) providing scalable technology infrastructure that is reliable, universal, and protects privacy. The document provides examples of how social media is already being used to achieve important goals and envisions further applications in areas like health, energy, education, and more to help society.
Internet as place: Policy, practice, and research in e-mental health for Scot...Diane Rasmussen Pennington
This document summarizes a presentation on place-based approaches to e-mental health in Scotland. It discusses how geographic context is important in policy and practice. Place-based policies that involve local and higher-level groups working together can help address social exclusion and underutilization of potential in different areas. The document also reviews Scotland's national strategies and plans for improving digital health, including increasing access to online cognitive behavioral therapy, developing self-help resources, and ensuring technologies support independent living for those with dementia.
This document discusses performance evaluation in clinical supervision. It covers:
1. The role of performance evaluation is to assess job performance, link it to criteria, engage supervisees in learning, and ensure quality of care.
2. Methods for monitoring performance include direct observation, individual supervision, group supervision, and using assessment rubrics.
3. The document provides guidance on structuring supervisory interviews, including setting an agenda, giving feedback using an ORAL model, teaching and negotiating, and securing commitment.
This document provides an overview of a clinical supervision foundations training program. The training consists of an online part covering topics such as theories and models of supervision, the supervisory alliance, and legal/ethical issues. It then has a two-day in-person workshop covering roles and responsibilities of supervisors, assessment tools, and counselor development. The objectives are to enhance consistency across Nevada, provide a foundation for new supervisors, and refresh experienced supervisors. Modules will address defining clinical supervision, the roles and responsibilities of supervisors, characteristics of effective supervisors, and modalities of supervision.
This document discusses different modalities and methods for clinical supervision, including individual supervision, peer supervision, and group supervision. It describes the objectives, frequency, structure, advantages, and disadvantages of each modality. Individual supervision is tailored to individual needs but labor intensive, while group supervision provides multiple perspectives in a cost-effective way but may not meet all needs. Peer supervision focuses on accountability and personal development. The document also covers methods for gathering job performance information, such as direct observation, role playing, and case consultation. It provides guidance on building support for direct observation and addressing supervisee concerns about the process.
This document discusses the importance of the supervisory alliance between a supervisor and supervisee. It outlines key factors that strengthen the alliance such as trust, self-efficacy, and motivation for growth. Challenges to the alliance like boundary issues, power dynamics, conflicts, and resistance are also examined. The document provides tips for supervisors to establish mutuality, be open about hierarchy, and include supervisees in goal setting to build a strong alliance. It also gives guidance for managing challenges through discussion, acknowledgement, and avoiding labels.
This document outlines the objectives and content of Module 7 of a clinical supervision foundations training. The module focuses on facilitating counselor development. It discusses establishing a common understanding of supervision, considering each supervisee's uniqueness, observing job performance, assessing strengths and areas for improvement, providing feedback, negotiating a development plan, and measuring progress. The module also addresses gaining cultural sensitivity by increasing self-awareness and using a supervisee-centered approach. Strategies are provided for building relationships and addressing cultural and contextual factors. Trainees are instructed to complete a self-assessment and create a professional development plan focused on improving one of their competencies.
This document discusses developing a personal model of clinical supervision. It begins by outlining the learning objectives of articulating characteristics of supervision models, describing one's own theoretical approach, and defining one's model. Various supervision models are then reviewed, including competency-based, treatment-based, developmental, and integrated approaches. Participants are prompted to reflect on questions to begin defining their own supervision model, including the most attractive model type, its appealing aspects, and one's beliefs about supervision's purpose, the supervisor's role, supervisee tasks, and preferred methods. The document emphasizes that continuing to build one's model as the workshop proceeds will incorporate discussing the supervisory alliance.
This document discusses clinical supervision and assessment of counselor performance. It introduces the Integrated Developmental Model of Supervision (IDM) which has three overriding structures: self and other awareness, motivation, and autonomy. It also describes eight domains of counselor development. The IDM identifies three levels of counselor development with characteristics for motivation, autonomy, and awareness at each level. Performance should be assessed using the TAP 21 competencies and rubrics. Supervision should be tailored to the individual counselor's needs, assessing where they are at developmentally and facilitating goal planning and training recommendations accordingly.
This document provides an overview of a training module on administering the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3) developmental screening. The module objectives are to teach participants how to properly prepare for, administer, score, and interpret results of the ASQ-3. The document reviews tips for administration, examples of completed ASQ-3 sections for typically developing and delayed children, sample questions, how to mark responses and score the assessment. It also lists additional training opportunities on related topics.
This document provides an overview of early childcare provider training on developmental screening and regulations. It discusses Nevada regulations requiring developmental assessments for children in childcare facilities. It also reviews several developmental screening tools including the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, CDC Milestone Booklets, and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. The document defines key concepts like developmental milestones, screening, and provides resources for children needing further evaluation.
The document discusses recovery from mental health and substance use disorders. It defines recovery as having dimensions of health, home, purpose, and community. Health involves managing disease through abstinence and healthy living. Home means a stable place to live. Purpose refers to meaningful daily activities like work or school. Community involves social support networks. Recovery is self-directed and empowering, involves personal growth and transformation, and exists on a continuum of improved wellness. There are many pathways to recovery such as 12-step programs, medication-assisted treatment, or wellness programs. Recovery challenges stigma and involves rejoining the community.
The document provides guidance on personal success through the acronym P.A.V.E. which stands for Presence, Authenticity, Vulnerability, and Empowerment. It advises letting go of old stories and being present, authentic, vulnerable, and empowering oneself. It encourages having fun, seeing beauty in others, bringing awareness to fears, and falling in love with oneself. The overall message is about choosing happiness and living a fulfilling life through presence, authenticity, vulnerability, and empowerment.
The document discusses factors that influence bystander intervention such as awareness, skills, empathy, group size, and personal responsibility. It notes that most people will witness violence but not commit violent acts, and that failing to intervene sends a message that the harmful behavior is acceptable. The document outlines what issues bystander intervention can help address, like sexual assault, bullying, and discrimination. It provides steps and response choices for effective bystander intervention.
The document discusses substance use and recovery programs among college students. It provides statistics showing that 31 out of every 100 college students meet the criteria for a substance use disorder. Collegiate recovery programs aim to provide support for students in recovery from substance use disorders by offering mutual aid support groups, dedicated staff, and physical space for students to gather. They have been shown to help students achieve higher GPAs and graduation rates compared to those not in recovery programs.
This document discusses trauma and its impact on recovery. It defines trauma as an unexpected threat to one's well-being that elicits feelings of helplessness, terror, and isolation. Potential traumatic events include abuse, violence, loss, medical stressors, poverty, racism, and having a family member with substance abuse. The brain responds to trauma through fight, flight or freeze responses. Trauma gets stored in "capsules" and can resurface when triggered. Signs of trauma include flashbacks, nightmares, hypervigilance, numbness, and substance abuse. SAMHSA principles for trauma-informed care emphasize safety, trustworthiness, peer support, collaboration, empowerment, and addressing cultural factors.
This document provides an overview of non-suicidal self harm (NSSI), including its history, definitions, common forms, signs to look for, potential causes, and treatment approaches. NSSI is defined as deliberate tissue damage without suicidal intent and is commonly practiced through cutting, burning, scratching, and other means. Theories suggest it is used as an affect regulation strategy. Resources for help are also listed.
This document discusses several aspects of mental health and substance use considerations. It defines mental health and notes that mental health disorders are treatable. It then discusses how substance use is often connected to other mental illnesses like depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, and bipolar disorder. Common signs and symptoms of various mental health disorders are provided like mood swings for mood disorders, excessive worry for anxiety, and feelings of hopelessness for depression. Causes of mental illness can include genetics, life experiences, brain injuries, and substance use. The relationship between substance use and specific disorders like anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder is explored.
Interpersonal violence (IPV) refers to physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by one person over another through various means such as threats, isolation, or economic control. Victims often stay with their abusers due to fear of further violence, love and hope for the abuser, loss of identity and independence, shame, and cultural or family expectations of normalcy. Sexual violence encompasses rape, unwanted sexual contact, abuse, and molestation, which can cause long-term trauma. Those who experience IPV or sexual assault are more likely to misuse drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism. National and local resources are available to help victims.
This document discusses gambling disorder and problem gambling. It notes that gambling disorder is similar to substance use disorders in its clinical expression, brain origins, comorbidity, physiology, and treatment approaches. It provides definitions of gambling from Gamblers Anonymous and others. It also lists common risk factors for problem and pathological gambling like low self-esteem, depression, poor impulse control, and more. Screening tools like the Lie-Bet Questionnaire and Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen are presented. Tips for responsible gambling and dealing with the financial and relationship impacts of problem gambling are provided. Resources for treatment and support are listed at the end.
Eating disorders are complex mental illnesses that arise from biological, psychological, and social factors. They have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness and typically emerge during late adolescence or early adulthood. Eating disorders impact all demographics and can occur in people of any size or weight. Negative body image, which involves distorted perceptions of one's body shape and feeling ashamed of one's appearance, increases the likelihood of developing an eating disorder and related mental health issues. Treatment focuses on the individual's overall health and well-being rather than weight or appearance. Mentors can help by listening without judgment, providing support and information about resources, and fostering a culture of positive body image. Eating disorders may present differently between males
October 2016 telehealth tuesday 3 three part seriesmikewilhelm
This document provides an overview of technology-based interventions (TBIs) for behavioral health. It defines TBIs and discusses their benefits, such as extending the reach of services. It also covers organizational, staff, and patient issues regarding TBIs, as well as common models of integration. The document reviews research on TBIs and specific technologies like interactive voice response, videoconferencing, apps, and texting. In summary, the document introduces TBIs, discusses their application and adoption, and reviews the evidence supporting their use in behavioral health services.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
1. New Ethical Dilemmas in the Digital Age
Nancy A. Roget. MS, MFT. LADC
Executive Director CASAT
Division of Health Sciences
University of Nevada
2. Center for the Application of
Substance Abuse Technologies (CASAT)
Orvis Building
University of Nevada, Reno
3.
4. Presentation Outline
1. History of Technology Use in Counseling
2. Digital Types
3. Social Media
4. Ethics - Counselor Self Disclosure
5. Emailing & Texting Clients – Privacy &
Security
6. Social Media Policies
7. Clinical Supervision
5. Use of technology
by counselors
• is increasing
• presents unique
ethical dilemmas
(NBCC Policy, 2013)
6. Ethics codes cannot do our questioning, thinking, feeling,
and responding for us. Such codes can never be a
substitute for the active process by which the individual
therapist or counselor struggles with the sometimes
bewildering, always unique constellation of questions,
responsibilities, contexts, and competing demands of
helping another person. Ethics must be practical. Clinicians
confront an almost unimaginable diversity of situations,
each with its own shifting questions, demands, and
responsibilities. Every clinician is unique in important
ways. Every client is unique in important ways. Ethics that
are out of touch with the practical realities of clinical
work, with the diversity and constantly changing nature of
the therapeutic venture, are useless.
(Pope & Vasquez, 1998, xiii–xiv)
10. 3 waves in the
advancement of technology
(McMinn, Buchanan, Ellens, & Ryan, 1999)
11. 1. Fax machines, Word processors, answering
machines, and voice mail machines
In 1999, experts predicted advances in
technology for therapists/counselors
(McMinn, Buchanan, Ellens, & Ryan, 1999)
2. Enhancement of test administration,
scoring, and interpretation
3. Use of telephone, e-mail, and chat rooms
12. Did we have ethical codes
regarding using fax machines
or voice mail ten to fifteen
years ago?
AND NOW…..
14. … and its Creeping into clinical practice
(Mishna et al., 2012)
15. Technology ‘Creep’
• Lack of literature and research to
provide guidance
• Technology may be used as part of the
‘Therapeutic Exchange’
and then WHAT?
– Documentation of the exchange
– Guidelines for the exchange
(Gabbard et al., 2011; Mishna et al., 2012)
17. “Why did I not see this coming?”
(Crowley & Gottlieb, 2012)
18. Some professionals are….
…ethically astute but
struggle to keep up
with the technology. …comfortable with
technology but less familiar
with ethical codes.
(Lannin & Scott, 2013)
23. Like all immigrants… as Digital Immigrants
learn to adapt to their environment, they
retain, to some degree, their ‘accent’ …
What is your
digital accent?
(Prensky, 2001)
27. Digital Immigrants Digital Natives
• Prefer to talk in-person or
on the phone
• Prefer to talk via chat, text, or
messaging thru social media
• Don’t text or only sparingly • Text more than call
• Prefer synchronous
communication
• Prefer asynchronous
communication
• Prefer receiving information
slowly: linearly, logically, &
sequentially
• Prefer receiving information quickly
& simultaneously from multiple
multimedia & other sources
• Prefer reading text (i.e.,
books) on processing
pictures, sounds & video
• Prefer processing /interacting with
pictures, graphics, sounds & video
before text
Comparison of Digital Types
(Zur & Zur, 2011; Rosen, 2010; Prennsky, 2001)
28. Other Digital Types
Ways to sort people other than age
• Attitudes
• Comprehension
• Relationships
• Practices
• Comfort with technology
(Feeney, 2010; Toledo, 2007)
29. Almost 70% of individuals who received SUD
services were under the age of 40
( TEDs Data; SAMHSA, 2011)
33. Social media is a broad term
that refers to online forms of
communicating that any individual
can employ as opposed to
‘industrial media’ which refers to
professionally-produced radio,
television, and film.
(Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010; http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/61162/social-media)
36. 90% of American adults
have cell phones
58% have smart phones (Pew Report,2012)
37. No matter a person’s salary….
more people own cell phones
than use the internet
(Fox, 2013)
38. Americans now spend an average of
34 hours per month using mobile
apps and mobile web browsers
but only 27 hours a month
getting online with their PCs
(Digital Consumer Report, 2013)
39. 29% of Americans own a tablet
The average American owns
four technology devices
(Digital Consumer Report, 2013)
41. Perpetual texters …
• adolescents (aged 13–17) sending or receiving
3,339 texts a month(six text per waking hour)
• young adults (aged 18–24) sending or
receiving 1,630 (three texts per waking hour)
(Fox & Duggan, 2012)
42. (McClure, Acquanta, Harding, & Stitzer, In Press)
• Survey of 8 urban drug treatment clinics
in Baltimore (266 patients)
• Client’s access to:
- Mobile Phone 91%
- Text Messaging 79%
- Internet/Email/Computer 39 - 45%
What do we know about clients?
43. Social Network Site
… a website that provides a venue for
people to share their activities with
family, friends, and colleagues, or to share
their interest in a particular topic.
Examples include:
Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, Twitter
(http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/55316/social-networking-site)
44. SNSs are a specific type of social
media that allow individuals to:
• construct a public or semipublic profile
within a bounded system
• articulate a list of other users with
whom they share a connection
• view and traverse their list of
connections and those made by others
within the system
(Boyd & Ellison, 2007)
45. Examples of Social Network Sites
• Facebook
• LinkedIn
• Instagram
• Pinterest
• Virtual Worlds
• Blogs
• Micro Blogs-Twitter
• Counselor List Serves
46. Social Networks
the No. 1 U.S. social networking site
1.11billion active users
665 million users log on to Facebook in any given day
May 2013 http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/resource-how-many-people-use-the-top-social-media/
65. Since clients are likely to use SNSs it may
be helpful for counselors/therapists to
understand the phenomena of SNSs, even
if they do not participate themselves.
(Myers et al., 2012)
68. Ethical Issues
• Ethical Codes and Technology
• Ethics and Self Disclosure
– Self Disclosure Definition/Guidelines
• Self Disclosure and Social Media
– Guidelines for Disclosure
• Liability Insurance for Social Media
69. Ethical Codes and Licensing Boards
have not caught up
with the TECHNOLOGY
In some cases … provide little guidance
70. Other boards may use existing laws and
investigate complaints on the grounds of:
• Unprofessional conduct
• Unethical conduct
• Moral turpitude
• Mismanagement of patient records
• Revealing a privileged communication
• Breach of confidentiality
(Cronquist & Spector, 2011; Spector & Kappel, 2012)
72. Self-disclosure in psychotherapy is
defined as the revelation of
personal rather than professional
information by a psychotherapist
to a client.
(Zur et al., 2009)
79. Many social network users are
communicating in their virtual underwear
with few inhibitions (p. 45)
(Van Allen & Roberts, 2011; Rosenblum, 2006)
80. Research found that 60%of medical
schools in the sample had posted
unprofessional online content, including:
• disclosure of patient confidentiality
• profanity
discriminatory language
• depiction of intoxication
• sexually suggestive material
(Chretien & Kind, 2009)
81. Clinicians must be
aware that all of
their online
postings, blogs, or
chats may be viewed
by their clients and
will stay online, in
some form, forever.
(Zur et al., 2009)
82. Interesting professional and ethical
challenges as the distinctions between
private and public information blurs.
(Behnke, 2008)
84. Even when a psychologist creates
concrete guidelines for himself or
herself around the area of self-
disclosure, the Internet can potentially
counteract even the best of intentions
on the part of an ethical psychologist.
(Zur, 2010)
85. Need to examine psychologists’
personal use of SNS outside of the
therapy hour & its impact on
psychologists’ reputation & credibility
(Van Allen & Roberts, 2011)
87. Questions to Ask Yourself Before Posting
• What are the costs and benefits of posting the
information?
• Is there a high probability that clients will be
significantly and negatively affected?
• How will the disclosure affect my relationship
with my clients?
• Does the disclosure threaten my credibility or
undermine the public’s trust in the field of
counseling?
(Gabbard et al., 2011)
88. Counselors Should Not POST
• post client information
• disparaging comments about colleagues or
client groups
• unprofessional media (e.g., photographs
and/or videos that undercut the reputation
of psychological practice)
• comments about litigation in which one is
involved
(Gabbard et al., 2011)
89. Legal Issues
Practitioners should contact both
their professional and personal
liability insurance representatives to
determine if professional and personal
liability insurance policies cover
ethical violations related to SNSs
(Gabbard et al., 2011)
93. Security of Email
• Emails are stored at multiple locations: the
sender's computer; your Internet Service
Provider's (ISP) server; & the receiver's computer
• Deleting an email from your inbox doesn't mean
there aren't multiple other copies still out there
• Emails are also vastly easier for employers and
law enforcement to access than phone records.
• Finally, due to their digital nature, they can be
stored for very long periods of time
94. ‘Email is not like
mailing a sealed letter
or package. It’s more
like sending a postcard
– people are not
supposed to read it
while in transit, but it
passes through many
hands, & one can
never be sure that
someone is not
reading it illegally.’
(AMA, 2010-13)
Ms. Wendy Woods
% National Frontier & Rural
Reno, NV
Addiction Technology Transfer Center
95. HIPAA New Rule Regarding Email
• Privacy Rule allows providers to communicate
electronically with patients
– Reasonable safeguards
• Checking email for accuracy
• Sending an email alert
• Limiting the amount or type of information disclosed
– Must be in compliance with 45 CFR Part 164 Subpart C
• Health care providers can provide email reminders
to patients if they consent
• Patients can initiate email communications with
providers using email
98. More than one-third of cell phone users
(http://www.saurageresearch.com/key-findings-novemberdecember-2009/)
• have sent a text message
to the wrong person (38%)
• report that a text they
sent was misunderstood
by the reader (37%)
103. “Traditional Short Message Service (SMS)
text messaging is non-secure and non-
compliant with safety and privacy
regulations under the HIPAA. Messages
containing ePHI can be read by anyone,
forwarded to anyone, remain
unencrypted on telecommunication
providers’ servers, and stay forever on
sender’s and receiver’s phones.”
(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, August 2012)
104.
105. “No it is not acceptable for physicians or
licensed independent practitioners to text
orders for patients to the hospital or other
healthcare setting. This method provides no
ability to verify the identity of the person
sending the text and there is no way to keep
the original message as validation of what is
entered into the medical record.”
The Joint Commission November 10, 2011
http://www.jointcommission.org/standards_information/jcfaqdetails.aspx?StandardsFaqId=401&ProgramId=1
106. To ensure the patient’s privacy clinicians
should consider the use of encrypted email
systems or portal messaging systems that can
be used by a computer, tablet, or smart phone
MESSAGING
107. Do you or your agency have
a social media policy?
115. Our opinion is that engaging in
friending and following
those whom we serve, supervise,
teach, or collect research data
from, crosses appropriate
boundary lines because it implies
a personal relationship
(Kaplan, Wade, Conteh, & Martz, 2011)
121. “Clients should know that electronic
communications are generally not secure
methods of communication and there is a risk
that one's privacy/confidentiality could be
compromised with their use"
(Neace , 2011)
125. Prevalence of Googling
• 22% of 193 clinical psychology graduate
students had Googled their psychotherapy
clients (Martin, 2010)
• 28% of 227 multidisciplinary
psychotherapists accidentally found
information about clients online whereas
48% intentionally sought this information
(Kolmes & Taube, 2010)
126. • 98% of doctoral psychology students
had searched for at least one client’s
information over the past year… even
though most reported that searching for
clients online was “always” or “usually”
unacceptable.
(DiLillo & Gale, 2011)
127. Is it infringing on a patient’s privacy?
Patient Targeted Googling …
128. Would it be okay for a counselor to
drive by a clients’ house?
129. 33 Things to Consider Before
Conducting Patient Targeted Googling
• consider the intention of the search
• evaluate the potential risk to the patient
• anticipate the effect of gaining previously
unknown information
130. More in depth questions
1. Why do I want to conduct this search?
2. Would my search advance or
compromise the treatment?
3. Should I obtain informed consent from
the patient prior to searching?
(Clinton, Silverman, & Brendel, 2010)
131. 4. Should I share the results of the search
with the patient?
5. Should I document the findings of the
search in the medical record?
6. How do I monitor my motivations and the
ongoing risk-benefit profile of searching?
More in depth questions
(Clinton, Silverman, & Brendel, 2010)
133. In some cases psychologists in training
had either been matched with
current/former clients through
anonymous dating websites
(Taylor et al., 2010)
134. Clients Googling Counselors
70% of clients reported finding personal
information about their psychotherapist
on the Internet
only 28% discussed it with their
psychotherapist
(Kolmes & Taube, 2011)
135. How do you respond if a client
tells you that he has “Googled”
you or visited your website?
137. The American Psychological Association’s
Ethics Code states under Principle 5.05
that it is unethical for psychologists to
solicit testimonials:
“Psychologists do not solicit testimonials
from current therapy clients/patients or
other persons who because of their
particular circumstances are vulnerable to
undue influence.”
141. Employees will share their
gripes and struggles on Twitter,
Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and
any other site with friends or
strangers who will listen……
(Kasarjian, 2013)
142. The NLRA is not just about unions and
collective bargaining….
This right extends to communications
with co-employees as well as third parties
“concerted activities” protected by
Section 7 right to communicate
about wages, hours, and other terms
and conditions
(Morrison & Foerster, 2014)
143. National Labor Relations Act
• Employers should still exercise considerable
caution when responding to complaints about
an employee’s use of social media
• An employee’s comments on social media are
generally not protected if they are mere
gripes not made in relation to group activity
among employees
• Postings that are otherwise protected by the
NLRA are unlikely to lose that protection
merely because they are offensive, even if
they use profanity
(Morrison & Foerster, 2014)
144. The key that NLRB or judges try to determine is if
an employee is griping (complaining) for their
own self interest or on behalf of co-workers.
Protected concerted activity includes discussions
and these do not have to be formalized events
(Zywave Inc., 2012)
145. When employees are reprimanded or
terminated for statements
they make online
the unwary employer may find that it has
inadvertently entered an area that is a
hotbed for scrutiny and litigation.
(Kasarjian, 2013)
147. Be careful with staff social media policy
Why don’t I draft a policy about this?
(Kasarjian, 2013)
148. Social Media Policy Sample
• Use Sample Policy Based upon
Walmart’s Policy
• Use examples
• Don’t use a summary statement that
this policy doesn’t violate employees’
Section 7 Rights
• Many case examples - don’t become
one of them
(Kasarjian, 2013)
151. 10states … Arkansas, Colorado,
Illinois, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico,
Oregon, Utah, Vermont and Washington …
enacted legislation in 2013
(Vermont's legislation provides for a study only)
28 states- legislation pending
http://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/employer-access-to-social-media-passwords-2013.aspx
152. In a recent survey (2012) by
CareerBuilder…
approximately 37%of companies
indicated they use social networking
sites to research job candidates
www.careerbuilder.com/share/aboutus/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?id=pr691&sd=4%2f18%2f2012&ed=4%2f18%2f2099
153. Companies need to be careful when
using social media in recruiting
employees and researching applicants
‘What is learned cannot be unlearned’
Protected Class
(race, religion, & disability)
(Kasarjian, 2013)
155. ‘Ethical behavior does not arise solely
from habit or obedience to patterns or
rules but includes intelligently guiding
our actions in harmony with the
texture of the situation’
(Luce-Kapler, Sumara, & Iftody, 2010, p. 540)