Flooding is common in the northern New Territories of Hong Kong due to heavy rainfall, natural catchment features of the region, and human influences. The government has implemented various flood prevention measures like drainage channel improvements, pumping stations, and storage ponds. While these efforts have alleviated flooding, further improvements are needed like more comprehensive planning, maintenance of channels, cooperation with villages, and consultation with experts and the public. Continued work is essential to reduce flooding risks in northern New Territories.
this presentation gives a brief about what are the different types of floods depending upon area & its cause.It is further aided with mitigation or management techniques to be implemented & types of damages.
this presentation gives a brief about what are the different types of floods depending upon area & its cause.It is further aided with mitigation or management techniques to be implemented & types of damages.
Kalu river basin is the 2nd largest river basin in Sri Lanka which covers 2766km2 of land. Much of the catchment area of the river is located in the highest rainfall area in the country. The average annual rainfall of the area is around 4000mm. The basin has steep gradient in upper part of the land and mild gradient in lower areas.The lower flood plains suffer from frequent floods during south-western monsoon season. The lower areas are densely populated and the land is a potential area for paddy cultivation.
Kalu river basin is a highest vulnerable location for floods. Frequent flooding along the Kalu Ganga is a common phenomenon that people live around the banks of Kalu Ganga and its tributaries experience every year.
The floods occur basically due to the high amount of rainfall in the catchment area and due to the gradient differences of the river. The gradient is very low in downstream of Rathnapura to upper stream of Kalutara town. This low gradient is inadequate to provide the sufficient velocity for the water to move downstream. The narrow gap or the bottleneck in Ellagawa area of the river retains the water for several days in the Ratnapura District before it releases to Kalutara District. Heavy extraction of river sand and the lack of proper constructions of infrastructures are also major causes for floods in Kalu river basin.
Program for Hydro-Meteorological Disaster Mitigation for Secondary Cities in South and South East Asia (PROMISE) recognized Kalutara as a secondary city that suffers annually due to floods and designed program to suit the needs of the city. Hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment, Kalu Ganga river flood forecasting and warning system, Demonstration activities as a measure for disaster preparedness and mitigation, Micro credit scheme as a measure of mitigation of flood impacts on the livelihood of urban poor, Activities to build the community awareness on flood risk management are some mitigation methods for floods.
Educating people more about the floods, having a proper flood alert system & Meteorological alert system, building a series of levees to prevent flood water spilling into low lying areas building a bypass canal which will take surplus water around Ratnapura town back to the river preventing the town from getting flooded, building a reservoir at Malwala several kilometers upstream from the town, Diversion of Kalu Ganga to Ruhuna, Having proper technological construction systems are some recommendations which can be dispensed for the current situation of floods in Kalu river basin.
Irrigation system of Pakistan proved at top level of countries in the world but still it need deep concern regarding to control flood water. Due to heavy rainfall in September 2011, floods are come in left bank of drain and it has many impacts on the various cities and villages of sindh were observed, at least 360 people were killed, some 5.35 Million people and 1.2 Million homes affected as well 1.7 Million Acres of arable land inundated. Social life was fully disturbed as economy was destroyed due to damage of crop, people were also suffering from drinking water which was not purely provided and due to this dirty water many of the diseases were appeared like direa, malaria and tified. In this research we measure the losses during heavy rain fall 2011 in Nawabshah, Sh Benazeerabad regarding to impact on our social lives and then its precautions in future planning. Data was collected from social survey in premises of city, different departments including NGO’s and Governmental Departments and also solutions on immediate basis are discussed.
Under the Metro Manila Flood Management Project, 36 existing pumping stations will be modernized, 20 new ones will be constructed and supporting infrastructure along critical waterways will be improved in the cities of Manila, Pasay, Taguig, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Pasig, Valenzuela, Quezon City and Caloocan.
On January 25, 2019, ICLR hosted a Friday Forum Webinar titled 'TRCA Flood Risk Assessment Project', led by Rebecca Elliott, water resources engineer with the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. TRCA’s Flood Risk Assessment project recently assessed flood risk by utilizing flood hazard information from the hydrology and hydraulic modelling for seven different return-period storm events (2-350 year and Regional) at all the historic flood vulnerable areas in the Region. The purpose of this assessment was to combine current riverine flood hazard information and flood exposure information to calculate flood vulnerability and quantify flood risk at both the individual structure level and at a flood-vulnerable cluster level. Flood exposure information includes flood depth and velocity at each building and road subject to flooding for each of the seven return-period storms relative to the first floor elevation of the building. As highlighted by recent major flooding events, including the tropical rainstorm and the Spring 2017 flooding in Ontario/Quebec, as well as Hurricane Harvey’s impact to Texas, many people inhabiting flood-prone communities are not fully aware of the risks to themselves and their property. The Flood Risk Outreach project will build on the results from TRCA’s Flood Risk Assessment project by supporting public awareness of potential flood emergencies. In turn, this can lessen the impact of flooding to these areas, as residents can take preparatory steps to protect themselves and their homes. Recent studies have shown that only a small percentage of residents living in flood prone areas are aware of their flood risk.
Rebecca Elliott is a water resources engineer with 12 years of experience, and more than two years with the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. She received her undergraduate degree from the University of Guelph with a Bachelor of Science in Water Resources Engineering, and has been a practicing Professional Engineer since 2011. As Flood Risk Management Engineer her role is to manage the flood forecasting and warning program at the TRCA.
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: RIVERS AND FLOODING. Contains: river floods, factors to increase flooding, human factors, storm hydrographs, Boscastle 2004, Bangladesh 2007, the red mud in Hungary 2010.
Over the years, India has witnessed worst floods causing numerous loss of lives and to property.
Here are some causes and its geomorphic effects.
And some measures of flood control.
Kalu river basin is the 2nd largest river basin in Sri Lanka which covers 2766km2 of land. Much of the catchment area of the river is located in the highest rainfall area in the country. The average annual rainfall of the area is around 4000mm. The basin has steep gradient in upper part of the land and mild gradient in lower areas.The lower flood plains suffer from frequent floods during south-western monsoon season. The lower areas are densely populated and the land is a potential area for paddy cultivation.
Kalu river basin is a highest vulnerable location for floods. Frequent flooding along the Kalu Ganga is a common phenomenon that people live around the banks of Kalu Ganga and its tributaries experience every year.
The floods occur basically due to the high amount of rainfall in the catchment area and due to the gradient differences of the river. The gradient is very low in downstream of Rathnapura to upper stream of Kalutara town. This low gradient is inadequate to provide the sufficient velocity for the water to move downstream. The narrow gap or the bottleneck in Ellagawa area of the river retains the water for several days in the Ratnapura District before it releases to Kalutara District. Heavy extraction of river sand and the lack of proper constructions of infrastructures are also major causes for floods in Kalu river basin.
Program for Hydro-Meteorological Disaster Mitigation for Secondary Cities in South and South East Asia (PROMISE) recognized Kalutara as a secondary city that suffers annually due to floods and designed program to suit the needs of the city. Hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment, Kalu Ganga river flood forecasting and warning system, Demonstration activities as a measure for disaster preparedness and mitigation, Micro credit scheme as a measure of mitigation of flood impacts on the livelihood of urban poor, Activities to build the community awareness on flood risk management are some mitigation methods for floods.
Educating people more about the floods, having a proper flood alert system & Meteorological alert system, building a series of levees to prevent flood water spilling into low lying areas building a bypass canal which will take surplus water around Ratnapura town back to the river preventing the town from getting flooded, building a reservoir at Malwala several kilometers upstream from the town, Diversion of Kalu Ganga to Ruhuna, Having proper technological construction systems are some recommendations which can be dispensed for the current situation of floods in Kalu river basin.
Irrigation system of Pakistan proved at top level of countries in the world but still it need deep concern regarding to control flood water. Due to heavy rainfall in September 2011, floods are come in left bank of drain and it has many impacts on the various cities and villages of sindh were observed, at least 360 people were killed, some 5.35 Million people and 1.2 Million homes affected as well 1.7 Million Acres of arable land inundated. Social life was fully disturbed as economy was destroyed due to damage of crop, people were also suffering from drinking water which was not purely provided and due to this dirty water many of the diseases were appeared like direa, malaria and tified. In this research we measure the losses during heavy rain fall 2011 in Nawabshah, Sh Benazeerabad regarding to impact on our social lives and then its precautions in future planning. Data was collected from social survey in premises of city, different departments including NGO’s and Governmental Departments and also solutions on immediate basis are discussed.
Under the Metro Manila Flood Management Project, 36 existing pumping stations will be modernized, 20 new ones will be constructed and supporting infrastructure along critical waterways will be improved in the cities of Manila, Pasay, Taguig, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Pasig, Valenzuela, Quezon City and Caloocan.
On January 25, 2019, ICLR hosted a Friday Forum Webinar titled 'TRCA Flood Risk Assessment Project', led by Rebecca Elliott, water resources engineer with the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. TRCA’s Flood Risk Assessment project recently assessed flood risk by utilizing flood hazard information from the hydrology and hydraulic modelling for seven different return-period storm events (2-350 year and Regional) at all the historic flood vulnerable areas in the Region. The purpose of this assessment was to combine current riverine flood hazard information and flood exposure information to calculate flood vulnerability and quantify flood risk at both the individual structure level and at a flood-vulnerable cluster level. Flood exposure information includes flood depth and velocity at each building and road subject to flooding for each of the seven return-period storms relative to the first floor elevation of the building. As highlighted by recent major flooding events, including the tropical rainstorm and the Spring 2017 flooding in Ontario/Quebec, as well as Hurricane Harvey’s impact to Texas, many people inhabiting flood-prone communities are not fully aware of the risks to themselves and their property. The Flood Risk Outreach project will build on the results from TRCA’s Flood Risk Assessment project by supporting public awareness of potential flood emergencies. In turn, this can lessen the impact of flooding to these areas, as residents can take preparatory steps to protect themselves and their homes. Recent studies have shown that only a small percentage of residents living in flood prone areas are aware of their flood risk.
Rebecca Elliott is a water resources engineer with 12 years of experience, and more than two years with the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. She received her undergraduate degree from the University of Guelph with a Bachelor of Science in Water Resources Engineering, and has been a practicing Professional Engineer since 2011. As Flood Risk Management Engineer her role is to manage the flood forecasting and warning program at the TRCA.
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: RIVERS AND FLOODING. Contains: river floods, factors to increase flooding, human factors, storm hydrographs, Boscastle 2004, Bangladesh 2007, the red mud in Hungary 2010.
Over the years, India has witnessed worst floods causing numerous loss of lives and to property.
Here are some causes and its geomorphic effects.
And some measures of flood control.
Project Aid Business Case & Delivery Plan for Post Disaster Project Managemen...Paul, Wilson
In 2010, The Karachi Chapter of the Project Management Institute (PMI) via PMIEF approached Project Aid for assistance in developing a Train the Trainer (TOT) program at a national level following the 2010 Floods in Pakistan.
This slide deck provides a summary of the business case and execution plan for the project.
The Karachi Chapter of the Project Management Institute (PMI) approached Project Aid Incorporated Australian for assistance in developing a Train the Trainer (TOT) program at a national level. 3 Trainers from Australia travelled to Pakistan to deliver the training.
The intent of this training was to build the knowledge base and capacity of local leaders , who could then conduct ongoing trainings, interact with key decision makers, and impact the long term planning for rehabilitation and reconstruction.
The intent of the Post Disaster Project Management training is to build the knowledge base and capacity of local leaders , who could then conduct ongoing trainings, interact with key decision makers, and impact the long term planning for rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Interim report of relief and rehabilitation in Kashmir after the floods in September 2014. Relief work is undertaken by Catholic Social Service Society (CSSS) of J&K and supported by Caritas India, Delhi. The work is largely focused in Pulwama district of J&K
The Indian Army has played big role in saving the people of India in while they are stranded in flood at Jammu and Kashmir Region. The situation is terrific but all in control. Without Indian Army help the situation would have been catastrophic.
This is a matter of high concern that how Indian Army is helping those who hate them. There are many stone pelters taking the help of Army for saving their life. They think there is nothing in this world that can go after their life that is saved by Army. Many people have changed their mind about army in Valley and they think it was good that army was there to help them otherwise they would have died.
Anyway, it is people of India that helped to citizen of India. All the citizens of India Salute the India Army for their best effort to save the life of people.
This presentation contain information about uttrakhand the famous tourist destination in India.
The famous attractions of that place, how to visit their, etc.
We respect views of all those wanting peace and prosperity for humanity entangled in these troubled times. We from the country known as the Cradle of the World Civilization appeal to all and sundry to also respect our views and culture instead of blasting off the mines and minds of innocent peoples.
Amidst all this, Pakistan wants India to "solve the Kashmir Issue", without addressing the core question - who drove away, threatened, killed the original residents of Kashmir the Kashmiri Pandits from Kashmir? Where are they now? Who controls their property in Kashmir? Why are the Muslim majority in Kashmir increasingly demanding freedom from India when it has always been part of India... These are vital questions that needs answeres... and then there are practical reasons too, why Kashmir must stay with India
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
New version of fes ppt
1. UNDERSTAND THE OCCURRENCE OF
FLOODING IN THE NORTH NEW
TERRITORIES
Li Tsun Sang 52621940
Ng Tsz Wa 52622020
Chow Lai Yin 52621822
Tam Chun Man 52379840
Lam Kwok Tung 52610985
2. WHAT IS FLOODING ?
• surface water > carrying capacity of the channel
• exceed bankfull stage
•inundation occurs at flat ground (flood-plain)
alongside the river banks
3. MAGNITUDE OF FLOODING IN HK
Blackspot Scales: Major - affecting
area > 100
Medium - affecting hectares
area > 10 hectares
Small - affecting
serious
significant
Minor -
area >0.25 hectares
agricultural property socio-
affecting
area <
damage , damage/ economic
isolated serious
50x50m
(0.25 property traffic disruption
hectare) damage/
traffic
disruption
minor public
nuisance and disruption
inconvenienc Source:
e DSD
6. COMING UP NEXT …
Rainfall
Natural
factors Catchment
1. Causes of flooding features
Human
influence
2. Measures taken by government to tackle
flooding
3. Evaluation of gov.’ s effort and suggestion
8. BACKGROUND
• Humid subtropical climate condition
Located at northern hemisphere
Close to equator
• Many typhoons and rain band
Heavy and more rainfall
9. SEASON OF RAINFALL
• Summer is a rainy season
• some regions in northern N.T. and
low-lying area cause serious flooding
the drainage system is overloaded.
10. OTHER FACTORS OF HEAVY
RAINFALL
•Global warming
El nino
La nina
11. OTHER FACTORS OF HEAVY
RAINFALL
.
rainfall (mm)
Year of El nino Year of La nina Normal Year
Increase annual rainfall by El nino and La nina
12. OTHER FACTORS OF HEAVY RAINFALL
Rainfalls intense
More easily to cause flooding especially in
northern N.T
15. CATCHMENT FACTOR OF
NORTH DISTRICT
• Hong Kong has no large rivers.
• The larger rivers are mainly in the
northwest, including: Shan Pui
River, Shenzhen River, Kam Tin
River, Sheung Yue River,
and Ng Tung River.
• Mountain
• Low lying
16. THE REASON OF FLOODING IN
NORTH DISTRICT
Private land developer and government continue
change the use of land in north
Land area use to dredge water greatly reduces due
to the reconstruction of land.
In order to continence the work of drain flooded,
government connect the drains directly from
Sheung Shui, Fanling Town Centre to Ng tung river
17. THE STRUCTURE OF RIVER IN HONG
KONG
Rivers in Hong Kong are generally short and
small, without a distinctive middle course.
Upper course - steep, many narrow, V-shaped
valleys are formed by the prevailing downward
erosion
Lower course - flat terrain, it is easy cause flooding
18. SHAPE OF RIVER BASIN IN HONG
KONG
From the distribution of tributary(river), three kind of
shape are list below :
Dendritic Drainage Pattern
Rectangular Drainage Pattern
Radial Drainage Pattern
19. Dendritic Drainage Pattern
the most common drainage pattern
in Hong Kong
e.g. Lam Tsuen River
Rectangular Drainage Pattern
Appear at regions of the western New Territories
e.g. the upper course of Tuen Mun River
Radial Drainage Pattern
found on roughly conical mountains
e.g. Sunset Peak
20. THE OCCURRENCE OF SHENZHEN
RIVER
Longest river in Hong Kong
Dendritic Drainage Pattern
Between New territories and Shenzhen
Early 90s, lots rainfall lead to flooding
Total four Regulation work of Shenzhen River
Main source of flooding in Hong Kong
23. Construction
Many constructions of rivers and channel
operating in North New Territories
Some constructions need many years to
finish
24. Sha Po Tsai Village accident
Serious accident causing death in 2010
The river constructions near
found many industrial barriers and big stones
after flooding
maybe caused by the
construction
25. Sha Po Tsai Village accident
One of the branches in the village is blocked
by the construction
The rainstorm water cannot be drained out
26. Construction
Kind of waste or barrier at riverbed
Industrial waste
Sand , stone and mud
27. Construction
The roads are paved with sand and stones
Dug from the riverbed
Not be held tightly
Wash away easily
Clog up the river and channel
Decrease the velocity of water flowing
28. Deforestation or removal vegetation
Removal of trees near the river
Solid is washed away easily
River bank collapses
water comes up
29. City planning and developing
Many natural rivers in New Territories
Need to develop and construct channel
Channel need to be changed or designed
into narrow or bend
Avoid the buildings or facilities
Lower the strength of draining out water
30. City planning and developing
Surface is made with concrete
Increase water flowing on the surface
Water cannot be held or stored in the farm,
pond, underground or others
31. City planning and developing
A map of Yuen Long and the shape of the channel
32. Ownership of the place
Rural village
Some private places cannot be built with
channel
No right to clean up and repair
Clog up the water to flow out
35. THE IDEA OF FLOOD PREVENTION
Drainage Channels
Pumping station
Flooding Storage
36. THE MAJOR DRAINAGE CHANNELS IN NNT
Shenzhen River
Ng Tung River
Sheung Yue River
Ma Wat River
37.
38. Before the improvement
Flooding was always appearing in NNT
when a rainstorm came
Flooding was risked who living in
low-lying area
39. After the improvement
The repaired Shenzhen River section
required a drainage capacity that can
resist a 50-year return flooding
The flooding problems in
Sha Tin, Fanling, Sheung Shui
and Ta Kwu Ling area can
be resolved.
40. THE FUNCTION OF THE FLOOD PUMPING
STATION AND FLOODWATER STORAGE
POND
• Collect rainwater within the village
• Pump out the water collected in the pond
• Convey the water to a floodwater from storage
pond
43. LACK OF PLANNING
“In 2008, drainage improvement works along Ma Wat River in NNT
was substantially completed. The level of protection against flooding
at Kau Lung Hang has been raised.”
adapted from DSD 07-08
annual report
Then, in
2011…
44. “Recognising the aspirations of the public for greening to
enhance quality of life and to help protect the environment, the DSD
places great emphasis on the greening of drainage channel…”
“One of these examples is the 'Drainage Improvement for Ma Wat
River at Kau Lung Hang' where large-scale greening work has
started.”
DSD Newsletter
(09/04/2011)
Criticism:
channel project carried out
without comprehensive
planning (e.g. lack of
beautification work)
extra cost incurred in
redundant greening work
45. EVALUATION
Rivers are destroyed and cut down
Drainage system cannot handle the rainfall
effectively
Poor maintenance of channels
46. EVALUATION
Amount of silt bring the problem of flooding
again
Flooding constructions are processing slowly
Not enough regulation with rural villages
incomplete drainage system
47. IMPROVEMENT
Flooding situation in the NNT has been
alleviated because of the 4 main channel
were rehabilitated and the flood pumping has
been completed
Around 30,000 people who live in low-lying
are being protected
48. BEFORE THE CONSTRUCTION OF
SHENZHEN RIVER
Bend, meandering
taking place
Poor drainage of
water
49. AFTER THE CONSTRUCTION OF
SHENZHEN RIVER
Depth of water
increase from 3m
to 7m
Straight
lower course flow
has upgrade
Thread of flooding
Eliminate
51. SUGGESTION
Set up more pumping stations
Install additional drainage pipes
Install additional grilles that can reduce the
possibility of blockage
52. SUGGESTION
Speed up the flooding prevention
constructions
Manage the industrial waste carefully
More co-operation with the rural villages so
as to build a complete drainage system
53. SUGGESTION
Government should consider all aspects
before implementation of the project(e.g.
Greening)
Consultation on experts from different fields
(e.g. engineers, environmentalists)
Consultation on public (esp. local residents)
54. CONCLUSION
Serious flooding in northern N.T. caused by
1. heavy rainfall
2. special river pattern
3. Low lying area
4. Problems of construction
The government have done improvements of
flooding in northern N.T.
Still need to reduce the occurrence of
flooding
Private land developer and government continue change the use of land in north district, agricultural land was converted into car park, high-rise buildings and Container yard etc.Land area use to dredge water greatly reduces due to the reconstruction of land. Natural land has been paved by hard surface. Lead to rainfalls flow into the river directly. In order to continence the work of drain flooded, government connect the drains directly from Sheung Shui, Fanling Town Centre to Ng tung river, however do not widen the river channels or open another channels, it leads to problem of flooding
Rivers in Hong Kong are generally short and small, without a distinctive middle course. Typically, the upper course is steeper, the middle one gentle while the lower course is nearly flatThe upper course includes the headwaters of a river, As the upper course is steep, many narrow, V-shaped valleys are formed by the prevailing downward erosion, With proper geological conditions, waterfalls form along the upper course. Ng Tung Chai waterfalls, Bride's Pool waterfalls and Man Cheung Po are all tourist hotspots with waterfalls in Hong KongThe lower course is the section with most abundant water flow, it is a flat terrain, Sediments from the river are carried to the river mouth, where they may form an delta, is easy cause flooding, During floods, the rivers overflow their banks, carrying sediments that are deposited to form the floodplain. In Hong Kong, the largest floodplains are at Yuen Long, Kam Tin and Sheung Shui.
Based on the distribution of tributaries, local rivers can be mostly classified into three drainage patterns: dendritic, rectangular and radial.
Tributaries from the upper course merge with the main stream at fairly regular intervals. The angle between the major channel and its tributaries is less than 90 degrees, similar to that between a tree trunk and its branchesthe major channel and its tributaries are connected at angles close to 90 degree. This can occur if faults and joints in the bedrock are arranged at right angles, so rivers and streams flow and erode along these lines of weaknessRadial drainage patterns comprise several streams that diverge from the same point. Streams and rivers often radiate in all directions from the peaks of mountains.
淹浸農田、房屋,居民在屋頂等待救援Sham Chun serves as the natural border between Hong Kong and Mainland China, together with the Sha Tau Kok River.
隨著深圳河治理第一期、第二期和第三期工程分別於1997年年中、2000年年中和2006年底完成後,新界北部沿深圳河與平原河匯合處的低窪地帶的水浸情況已大大得到改善渠務署終落實在二○一三年,在深圳河上游近香園圍一段,展開最後一期治理工程,預計二○一七年完工With the Shenzhen River’s Regulation work stage 1, 2 and 3 finish on mid 1997, 2000 and 2006. the confluence of New Territories and shenzhen’ low-lying areas the situation has greatly improved