Mountains are large landforms that rise above the surrounding land, usually in the form of peaks over 900m high. There are four main types of mountains: fold mountains, which are formed by the collision and folding of tectonic plates; block mountains, formed by uplift caused by faulting; relict mountains, formed by the weathering of resistant rock layers; and volcanic mountains, formed by the eruption and accumulation of lava and ash. Each type has distinct characteristics in their formation that determine their shape and structure.

2. • A mountain is a
large landform that stretches
above the surrounding land in
a limited area, usually in the
form of a peak.
• Those landforms which have a
height of 900m or more above
sea level are called mountains

3. • FOLD MOUNTAINS
• BLOCK MOUNTAINS
• RELICT MOUNTAINS
•VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS

4. FOLD MOUNTAINS
• Folding of plates cause fold
mountains to form
• They are higher when compared
to other mountains
• E.g.: Himalayan Mountains, The
Alphs, The Rockies, The Andes

5. • Fold mountains are formed when two
plates collide head on, and their edges
crumbled, much the same way as a
piece of paper folds when pushed
together.
• The upward folds are known as
anticlines, and the downward folds are
synclines.

8. BLOCK MOUNTAINS
• It is formed as a result of uplift
of land forms due to faulting
• These mountains have flat tops
and steep sides
• Eg: Black Forest in Germany,
Vosges in France

11. RESIDUAL MOUNTAINS
• Due to the different weathering
processes of prolonged duration, the
rocks that are not very resistant get
disintegrated and only those resistant
part remain. These mountains are called
Residual Mountains
• Eg :The Aravalli ranges and the Nilgiris in
India

14. Volcanic Mountains
• Volcanic Mountains are formed when molten
rock (magma) deep within the earth, erupts,
and piles upon the surface.
–Magma is called lava when it breaks
through the earth's crust.
–When the ash and lava cools, it builds a
cone of rock.
– Rock and lava pile up, layer on top of layer.

17. USES OF MOUNTAINS
• CLIMATE
• MINERAL WENLTH
• HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER
• TOURIST RESORTS
• DEFENCE AND PROTECTION