This document discusses different types of landforms on Earth's surface. It describes mountains, plateaus, and plains, which are the three major landforms. Mountains form from tectonic forces and are classified as young fold mountains or old fold mountains. Plateaus are highlands that rise abruptly with steep slopes and a flat top. Plains are relatively flat low-lying areas. The document outlines the characteristics and examples of different landform types, including fold mountains, block mountains, rift valleys, volcanic mountains, lava plateaus, and the three categories of plains. It concludes by discussing the importance of mountains, plateaus, and plains.

1. Landforms of the Earth
Geography

2. The names of some landforms are given below. Find out the
type of landform
 Kalsubai
 Himalayas
 Deccan
 Konkan
 Andaman and Nicobar

3. How is the surface of the Earth?
 It is not uniform.
 Some places it is several thousand metres above the mean sea level
 Some other places it is flat.
 These variations on the surface are known as relief features or landforms.
 They are created by tw kinds of forces.

4. The Two Types of Forces
Endogenic Forces
• Forces that originate from within the Earth
are called tectonic force
• Create irregularities on the earth’s surface
• Cause upliftment and subsidence on the
Earth’s surface
• Faulting, Folding and Volcanic activities
Exogenic Forces
• The forces which originate on the Earth’s
surface are called gradational forces
• They modify the irregularities created by
endogenic forces
• They continuously wear down and rebuild
the land surface
• Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

6. The three major landforms
Mountains
• Huge landmasses
which rise more
than 900 metres
above the mean
sea level
Plateaus
• Highlands with
steep slopes and
a flat and large
summit area
which rise
abruptly from the
surrounding
region
Plains
• Plains are
relatively flat and
low lying lands
with almost no
difference
between their
highest and the
lowest points.

7. Fold Mountains

8. Characteristics of the Fold Mountains
 Youngest mountains on the Earth
 Most of them have been formed from the sedimentary rocks
 Their length is much more than their width
 They are arch shaped

9. Basis of their time of origin, the fold mountains are classified
into two types
Young
Fold
Mountains
• They are formed recently
• Are very high, have steep
slopes and conical peaks
• Egs: The Himalayas, the
Rockies, The Andes, The
Alps
Old
Fold
Mountains
• They have formed much
earlier
• Are low, have gradual
slopes and rounded peaks
• Egs: The Aravalli, the Ural
and Appalavhin

11. Fold Mountains

12. Add a Slide Title - 3

13. Block Mountains

15. Characteristics of Block Mountains
 Flat tops and steep slopes
 The raised blocks are called horsts.
Block Mountains are also called
Horst Mountains.
 Egs: The Vindhya Range, The
Satpura Range, The Black Forest in
Germany, The Vosges in France

16. Rift Valleys
They are formed in the
following ways:
• The subsidence of the block
between two faults
• The upliftment of two blocks
on either side of the faults

17. Rift Valley
• The Rhine Rift Valley
bounded by Vosges and
black forest
• Narmada
• Tapti
• Damodar
• The Great Rift Valley

18. Volcanic Mountains

20. Importance of Mountains

21. Importance of Mountains

23. Lava plateaus

24. Egs: The Plateau regions of South Africa, West Australia, Greenland and Antarctica

25. Egs: The Plateau of Tibet in Asia, Bolivian plateau in South America, The Mexican Plateau in North America
and The Tarim Basin in Asia

26. Importance of Plateaus
 The grasslands in the plateau region are used for cattle and sheep rearing
 The plateaus are generally rich in mineral resources , thus mining is the chief
occupation in such areas
 Farming is carried out on a limited scale on the plateau region due to poor relief,
low temperature and less rainfall.

28. Plains are broadly classified into
Structural
Plains
• Formed due to
upliftment of the
seafloor bordering
the coast
• Egs: Eastern Coastal
Plain of India and
Great Plains in the
USA
Erosional
Plains
• The erosional plains
are formed when
elevated lands are
worn down to plains
by the agents of
weathering and
erosion. Also called
peneplains
• Egs: The West
Siberian Plain
Depositional
Plains
• Plains are formed
when the sediment
brought down by
rivers, glaciers and
wind are deposited in
depressions
• Egs: The Ganga
Brahmaputra Plains in
India, The Huang He
Plains in China and
The Po Valley in Italy

29. The Importance of Plains