The document discusses traditional agricultural methods in the Kuttanadu region of Kerala, India. Kuttanadu has a unique landscape of backwaters and rivers, with half the area below sea level. Traditional crops included rice varieties like Chambavu and Karutha Chara. Farmers built elevated bunds and used water wheels to drain fields and control water levels for cultivation. Pests were removed using methods like gathering them in baskets when they floated to the tops of submerged rice plants. The livelihoods of people in the region revolved around cooperative agricultural activities and making the most of the fertile black soil terrain.

1. WELCOME

2. N S S TRAINING COLLEGE
PANDHALAM
Submitted by
Anju Mol T. G
Social science

3. TRADITIONAL METHODS OF
AGRICULTURE IN KUTTANADU

4. INTRODUCTION
• Kuttanadu is region that generally differs from other regions of
Kerala.
• Kuttanadu spreads over the land of the backwaters.
• More or less half of the area in Kuttanad is lying below sea
level.
• The rivers Pamba, Meenachil, Manimala, Movatupuzha and
Achankovil flow through this region.
• Agriculture is one of the most important activity of the people
of Kuttanad.

5. TRADITIONAL METHODS
Rice is the major crop that cultivated in Kannur.
The cultivation was taking place once in two or three years.
Cultivating seeds of Paddy like Chambavu and Karutha Chara
Elevated bunds were made to strengthen the boarders of the field
subjected to water logging.
Water in the paddy field- Water Wheel were used for draining.
Sprouted seeds were shown in this prepared paddy fields.

6. WATER WHEEL
Chakram (wheel), a traditional irrigation method, mainly used in Kauttanadu
region.
A simple device usually made of teak, has seven or more planks fixed on a
circular framework.
Rotating larger Chakrams(Wheel) require two or more people.

7. METHODS FOR ELIMINATING PETS
Pets were eliminated using different methods
Worm basket:- The water filled the paddy field when
the water level comes to tip of the paddy leaves, all the pests
used to come and gather at the tip of the leaves, then they
would be beaten with a broomstick and gathered in a basket.

8. •Life of the people developed through the continuous efforts
they made to make the land cultivable.
With Co-operation and solidarity of the people in the
construction of bund and in draining of land they could make
the land rich in agriculture.
The black soil of Kuttanadu is suitable for the cultivation.

9. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Janmi-Kudiayan system was followed in Kuttanad.
The lives of agriculture laboureres were just likes slaves.
The system was based on the caste system.
All the Janmi’s hand bonded labourere(Adiyalar) and were
called ‘Onappanikkar’.
Velakkadam- The agricultureal laboureres used to receive
paddy and money in advance from the Janmi.