New Industrial Age
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The document discusses the growth of big business and industry in the late 19th century United States through horizontal and vertical integration. It explores factors that contributed to rapid industrialization like new technologies, abundant resources and labor. The ideologies of laissez-faire and social Darwinism are examined in the context of justifying business practices and limited government intervention. As industry consolidated, labor unions emerged to advocate for workers' rights against long hours, low pay and unsafe conditions.
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This document provides an overview of industrialization in the United States between 1860-1900. It discusses several key factors that contributed to industrialization, including cheap labor, natural resources, transportation infrastructure like railroads, government policies of laissez-faire that kept taxes low and regulations minimal, and new technologies pioneered by inventors. Industrial leaders like Carnegie in steel and Rockefeller in oil amassed great wealth and power through practices like vertical and horizontal integration that reduced competition. While this period saw tremendous economic growth, it also led to the rise of large corporations and concerns about the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few "captains of industry."
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The Progressive Movement aimed to address social problems caused by industrialization through government reforms. Progressives sought to guarantee economic opportunities and eliminate social injustices. Their accomplishments included implementing initiatives, referendums, recalls and primaries to give citizens more direct control over government. Progressives also passed labor laws, antitrust acts, and women's suffrage to protect workers and consumers from abuses of industry and political machines.
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The document provides definitions and explanations for key concepts related to the rise of urbanization and industrialization in cities during the late 19th century. Some of the concepts discussed include the Bessemer Process which allowed for cheaper steel production and fueled rapid infrastructure development, capitalism which incentivized entrepreneurship, child labor which supplied a cheap workforce, and immigration which supplied industrial cities with workers and consumers.
Negative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution had several negative effects on workers and society. The factory owners became very wealthy while workers lived in extreme poverty. Rapid urbanization resulted in overcrowded, unsanitary cities lacking basic infrastructure. Workers, including women and children, faced dangerous conditions and long hours in factories for low wages. In response, some protested, others turned to religion for solace, and socialists advocated for more equal distribution of wealth and better living standards for workers.
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1912 Election
The document summarizes the 1912 US presidential election, focusing on the split in the Republican party between Theodore Roosevelt and incumbent William Howard Taft. It describes Roosevelt's dissatisfaction with Taft's presidency and decision to run against him as a third party Progressive candidate. On the eve of the 1912 election, Roosevelt forms the "Bull Moose" Progressive party while Taft is nominated by the Republicans and Woodrow Wilson by the Democrats. Wilson goes on to win the election with 42% of the popular vote, benefiting from the split Republican vote between Taft and Roosevelt.
Gold And Silver Standard
The document discusses the Populist movement that emerged in the late 19th century United States. Farmers formed groups like the Grange and Farmers' Alliances in response to falling agricultural prices and rising debts. The Populist movement advocated for policies that would aid farmers and give ordinary citizens more political power, such as the silver standard, graduated income tax, and elected senators. In 1892, the Populists formed a political platform that was later adopted by the Democrats. William Jennings Bryan campaigned for the Democrats in 1896 on a populist platform, but lost the election to William McKinley and the Republicans. While the Populist party collapsed, some of their ideas were later enacted.
Progressive Era
The Progressive Era brought reforms to address issues caused by industrialization and capitalism such as monopolies, unsafe working conditions, and political corruption. Progressives sought to use government action and legislation to implement reforms that protected social welfare, promoted moral improvement, created economic reform, and fostered efficiency. Key reforms included women's suffrage, child labor laws, prohibition, and regulating working hours.
America Enters World War Ii
The document summarizes key events around America's entry into World War II after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. It outlines the major theaters of the war in both Europe and the Pacific, including important turning point battles like Midway, Stalingrad, and North Africa. It also discusses major Allied conferences like Casablanca and Yalta, and Allied operations in Europe such as D-Day and the Battle of the Bulge.
War In Europe
After coming to power, Hitler took several aggressive foreign policy actions which Britain and France failed to stop. He annexed Austria in 1938 and was allowed to take the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia under the Munich Agreement, despite promising it would be his last territorial demand. In 1939, Hitler seized the rest of Czechoslovakia. Britain and France had pursued a policy of appeasement but Winston Churchill strongly opposed this, warning that it would lead to war. Germany then invaded Poland using lightning-fast Blitzkrieg tactics, and the war began.
America Moves Toward War
The document summarizes key events leading up to and during America's entry into World War II, including the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. It describes the U.S. response to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, including revising neutrality laws and increasing defense spending. It also explains how Roosevelt assisted Allies through cash-and-carry and destroyers-for-bases deals without declaring war, and covers Japan's expansionism leading to the U.S. declaring war after the Pearl Harbor attack.
Atomic Bomb
The document discusses the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It provides background on Oppenheimer and his views on nuclear weapons. It describes the planning and execution of the bombings, the devastating impacts on the cities, and reactions from those involved in the Manhattan Project. Survivors suffered immense casualties and radiation sickness in the aftermath.
Mobilizing For War
The document provides a summary of various events and popular culture in the 1940s. It mentions Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak, Charlie Chaplin's film "The Great Dictator", the growing popularity of drive-in movies and jukeboxes, and Ronald Reagan starring in the film "Knute Rockne: All American". It also references Louis Armstrong and Frank Sinatra as popular musicians of the time. The final paragraphs discuss food rationing during World War 2 and includes a recipe for baked bean loaf as a meat-free alternative.
The Holocaust
The document provides background information on the Holocaust and Nazi persecution of Jews. It explains that by 1945, two out of every three European Jews had been killed. It describes the Nazis' systematic discrimination against Jews through laws and policies restricting their rights and freedoms between 1933-1939. This included the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 that classified Jews as inferior. It also details the horrors of the Holocaust and "Final Solution" where millions of Jews were murdered in Nazi death camps and through other means.
War For Europe And North Africa
The document summarizes key statistics and events from World War 2, noting that 80% of Hitler's forces were engaged fighting the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front, resulting in 30 million Soviet deaths compared to 330,000 US deaths. It also lists some major "Turning Point Battles" across Africa, Europe and the Pacific and comments that the Soviets played a major role in helping the US and Britain defeat the Nazis, despite later Cold War thinking.
Spanish American War
The document discusses American and Spanish relations in Cuba in the late 19th century. Tensions escalated as Cubans revolted against Spanish rule, and American newspapers sensationalized Spanish atrocities. When the U.S. battleship Maine exploded in Havana harbor in 1898, it provided a pretext for the U.S. to declare war on Spain. The U.S. defeated Spain within 15 weeks and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through the Treaty of Paris that ended the war.
Imperialistic America
The document discusses the United States' acquisition of Hawaii and Alaska through imperialistic expansion in the late 19th century. [1] It describes how U.S. ambitions for new markets, resources, and military strategic positions fueled the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy and annexation of the islands in 1893. [2] It also summarizes the U.S. purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867, which was initially criticized but later proved valuable for its natural resources. [3] Overall, the document examines the economic, strategic, and cultural factors that drove the U.S. to become an imperial power in this period.
Mobilizing For War
The document provides a summary of various events and popular culture in the 1940s. It mentions Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak, Charlie Chaplin's film "The Great Dictator", the growing popularity of drive-in movies and jukeboxes, and Ronald Reagan starring in "Knute Rockne: All American". It also references Joe Louis as heavyweight boxing champion and musicians Louis Armstrong and Frank Sinatra. The document concludes by providing a recipe for baked bean loaf, noting meat was rationed during this time due to efforts in World War 2.
Immigration
Between 1870 and 1920, around 20 million immigrants arrived in the United States from Europe, Asia, the West Indies, and Mexico. Many Europeans escaped religious persecution or sought independence and jobs, while Chinese often sought their fortune in the Gold Rush. Immigrants arrived by steamship in New York or San Francisco and had to pass physical exams and document inspections. However, nativism against immigrants was common, especially Catholics, Jews, Irish, Chinese and other Asian groups. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 banned Chinese immigrant workers.
Age Of Railroads
The document discusses the significance and impacts of the expansion of railroads in the United States in the 19th century. It led to the standardization of time zones across disconnected towns and helped industries ship goods to new markets. It also increased immigration and migration to the West. However, it presented hazardous working conditions for railroad workers. It then outlines several events that helped establish the federal government's right to regulate private businesses like railroads to protect the public interest, such as corruption scandals, state regulation laws, and the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
Westward Expansion
The document discusses the period of Westward Expansion in the United States and its impact on Native Americans. It contrasts the cultures of Native Americans and white settlers and explains how white settlers moved west and imposed restrictions on Native Americans. It describes several conflicts between Native Americans and settlers as the government pursued a policy of assimilation, trying to force Native Americans to adopt white American cultural ways through policies like the Dawes Act. It also discusses how the destruction of the buffalo herds decimated Native American populations and ways of life.
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New Industrial Age
- 1. Growth of Big Business Brought to you by Local Sweatshop Laborers Mr. Hyer Room 108
- 2. Take Careful Notes Today I’m Giving You the Secret Formula of How to become a GazillionMillionBillionaire
- 7. U. S. Patents Granted 1790s 276 patents issued. 1990s 1,119,220 patents issued.
- 9. Social Darwinism A Dubious Business “Theory” based on the Work of Naturalist Charles Darwin. The Origin of Species (1859)
- 10. Darwin’s “The Origin of Species.” This is a first edition.
- 13. Carnegie I’m so full of Contradictions The “theory” he loved so dearly lacked consistency He argued against Government Regulation He welcomed Government Assistance (tax abatements, grants, tariffs, etc.
- 15. Horizontal Integration John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil Company)
- 16. Vertical Integration Andrew Carnegie (U.S. Steel) Gustavus Swift Meat-packing
- 19. Horizontal Integration Purchase or Put out of Business Competing Firms Trusts Ex: Oil, Whiskey, Sugar, Lead, Railroads
- 20. U. S. Corporate Mergers
- 22. Who’s Winning? Who’s Losing?
- 23. The “Robber Barons” of the Past
- 24. “ The Bosses of the Senate”
- 25. “ The Protectors of Our Industries”
- 27. Coming Attraction Workers of the World Unite
- 30. The Changing American Labor Force
- 32. The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly
- 40. Haymarket Square Riot – Public Begins to Turn Against Unions (1886)
- 44. Asch Building 8th, 9th & 10 th Floors