Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Big business government policy
1. Big Business &Big Business &
Government PolicyGovernment Policy
(1870-1900)(1870-1900)
How did government &How did government &
big business interactbig business interact
during the late 1800’s?during the late 1800’s?
2. Big Business & Government PolicyBig Business & Government Policy
During the 1870’s & 80’s big industrialistsDuring the 1870’s & 80’s big industrialists
attempted to formattempted to form monopoliesmonopolies..
(Carnegie & Rockefeller)(Carnegie & Rockefeller)
What is a monopoly?What is a monopoly?
AA monopolymonopoly is when a producer has total controlis when a producer has total control
over an industry.over an industry.
Were the great industrialistsWere the great industrialists Captains ofCaptains of
IndustryIndustry oror Robber BaronsRobber Barons ??
They could be consideredThey could be considered Captains ofCaptains of
IndustryIndustry because they risked capital tobecause they risked capital to
make business growmake business grow
They could also be consideredThey could also be considered RobberRobber
BaronsBarons because of the unfair businessbecause of the unfair business
practices they used to increase the size ofpractices they used to increase the size of
their businessestheir businesses
Industrialists used the theory ofIndustrialists used the theory of SocialSocial
DarwinismDarwinism to justify their unfair businessto justify their unfair business
practices.practices.
3. Three Methods of Business ConsolidationThree Methods of Business Consolidation
Rail Road companies developRail Road companies develop poolingpooling agreements to fix rail road faresagreements to fix rail road fares
at high rates (scheme does not work because companies cheat on theirat high rates (scheme does not work because companies cheat on their
agreements).agreements).
TrustsTrusts are developed by Rockefeller to bring control to formerare developed by Rockefeller to bring control to former
competitors. If competitors refuse to join the “Trust” Rockefeller wouldcompetitors. If competitors refuse to join the “Trust” Rockefeller would
put them out of business. Other industries begin to follow example andput them out of business. Other industries begin to follow example and
also start “Trusts”.also start “Trusts”.
Holding CompaniesHolding Companies hold the stocks of several firms in the samehold the stocks of several firms in the same
industry. Holding Companies owned the majority of stocks within anindustry. Holding Companies owned the majority of stocks within an
industry & where able to dictate policy within the industry.industry & where able to dictate policy within the industry.
What effecting didWhat effecting did consolidationconsolidation have onhave on
business?business?
Business became less competitive and moreBusiness became less competitive and more
consolidated, leaving business power & nationalconsolidated, leaving business power & national
economics in the hands of a few big businessmeneconomics in the hands of a few big businessmen
4. Federal Regulation of Business BeginsFederal Regulation of Business Begins
Congress becomes alarmed about “unfair” Business/labor practices,Congress becomes alarmed about “unfair” Business/labor practices,
enacts laws to deal with situation.enacts laws to deal with situation.
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)Interstate Commerce Act (1887) to regulate railroad companies.to regulate railroad companies.
Congress created Interstate Commerce Commission (Congress created Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)ICC) toto
regulate interstate regulations.regulate interstate regulations.
ICC acts to regulate railroads (eliminates pools/rebates & regulates rates)ICC acts to regulate railroads (eliminates pools/rebates & regulates rates)
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) act attempted to outlaw trustsact attempted to outlaw trusts..
How did antitrust legislation impact business?How did antitrust legislation impact business?
Limited impact (at first)Limited impact (at first)
anti trust act was weakly worded/none of the trusts wereanti trust act was weakly worded/none of the trusts were
successfully broken.successfully broken.
anti trust act does establish the principle that theanti trust act does establish the principle that the
government can regulate industry & break up monopolies.government can regulate industry & break up monopolies.
Business would be better regulated later on during theBusiness would be better regulated later on during the
Theodore Roosevelt administrationTheodore Roosevelt administration
5. Organization of LaborOrganization of Labor
Industry creates problems (poor conditions) for workersIndustry creates problems (poor conditions) for workers
in response to poor conditions--workers begin to unionizein response to poor conditions--workers begin to unionize
early unions are small/ineffective in dealing with worker issuesearly unions are small/ineffective in dealing with worker issues
(wages/hours)(wages/hours)
Industrial workers face long hours/low wages/dangerous workingIndustrial workers face long hours/low wages/dangerous working
conditionsconditions
workers fear joining unions (fear of being fired)workers fear joining unions (fear of being fired)
immigrants are eager to fill in for striking workers.immigrants are eager to fill in for striking workers.
Government unemployment insurance does not exist during this timeGovernment unemployment insurance does not exist during this time
periodperiod
How have unions changed since early days?How have unions changed since early days?
Unions have gained more political powerUnions have gained more political power ($)($) , and, and
have secured better working conditions forhave secured better working conditions for
membersmembers
6. Formation of Labor UnionsFormation of Labor Unions
Unions develop in spite of worker’s fearsUnions develop in spite of worker’s fears
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor (labor union) first union to become a major economic force(labor union) first union to become a major economic force
No worker was excluded (skilled/unskilled)No worker was excluded (skilled/unskilled) --open membership----open membership--
Knights avoid strikes throughKnights avoid strikes through arbitration/cooperativesarbitration/cooperatives are formed (workersare formed (workers
operate their own companies)operate their own companies)
Knights attempt to win 8 hour work/Knights win major strike against rail roadKnights attempt to win 8 hour work/Knights win major strike against rail road
companies (membership increases)companies (membership increases)
differences between skilled & unskilled workers--problems with workers ofdifferences between skilled & unskilled workers--problems with workers of
differing races begin to hurt union membership numbersdiffering races begin to hurt union membership numbers
union became more focused on political issues/rather than worker issues (pay &union became more focused on political issues/rather than worker issues (pay &
wages)wages)
Haymarket riotHaymarket riot occurred when violence (bomb thrown into the crowd) tookoccurred when violence (bomb thrown into the crowd) took
place during a pro union rallyplace during a pro union rally
What impact did the Haymarket riot have onWhat impact did the Haymarket riot have on
unionism in America?unionism in America?
Public mistrust of unions grew, membership in unionsPublic mistrust of unions grew, membership in unions
decreased,decreased, the incident was a set back for the laborthe incident was a set back for the labor
movementmovement
7. American Federation of LaborAmerican Federation of Labor
2nd national union (still in existence today)2nd national union (still in existence today)
membership was limited to skilled workersmembership was limited to skilled workers
Union focused on worker issues/so called “bread & butter” issuesUnion focused on worker issues/so called “bread & butter” issues
(wages/hours/conditions)(wages/hours/conditions)
A.F. of L. tended to discriminate against African American workers.A.F. of L. tended to discriminate against African American workers.
African American workers, turned away from the union, are hired asAfrican American workers, turned away from the union, are hired as
strike breakersstrike breakers by employersby employers
Women discriminated against in the male dominated A.F. of L.Women discriminated against in the male dominated A.F. of L.
Women work under poor conditions (sweatshops)Women work under poor conditions (sweatshops)
Women begin to form their own unions (Women’s Trade UnionWomen begin to form their own unions (Women’s Trade Union
League)League)
How did discrimination by AF of L impact raceHow did discrimination by AF of L impact race
relations?relations?
African Americans were hired as strike breakers (littleAfrican Americans were hired as strike breakers (little
other work available) this helped to cause an increase ofother work available) this helped to cause an increase of
tension between racestension between races
8. Radicals in the Labor MovementRadicals in the Labor Movement
AnarchistsAnarchists believe that capitalist system could not bebelieve that capitalist system could not be
reformed/called for violent overthrowreformed/called for violent overthrow
Socialists oppose capitalist system/seek peacefulSocialists oppose capitalist system/seek peaceful
means of changing system/call for governmentmeans of changing system/call for government
ownership of companies & industry.ownership of companies & industry.
How did Anarchism and SocialismHow did Anarchism and Socialism
impact public opinion of unions?impact public opinion of unions?
in some cases, fear of union membershipin some cases, fear of union membership
grows, especially later on (1920’s) duringgrows, especially later on (1920’s) during
thethe REDRED scare.scare.
9. Violent Clashes Between Business & LaborViolent Clashes Between Business & Labor
Pay decrease causesPay decrease causes Great Railway StrikeGreat Railway Strike. Warfare breaks out. Warfare breaks out
between workers and PA state militia.between workers and PA state militia. President HayesPresident Hayes sends federalsends federal
troops in totroops in to break the strikebreak the strike..
Homestead StrikeHomestead Strike at Carnegie steel company. Pinkerton detectiveat Carnegie steel company. Pinkerton detective
agency called in by management. Many on both sides are killed/strikeagency called in by management. Many on both sides are killed/strike
crushes steel workers union.crushes steel workers union.
Pullman StrikePullman Strike called in protest to reduction of wages.called in protest to reduction of wages. PresidentPresident
ClevelandCleveland uses troops to bust strike stating that US mail was delayeduses troops to bust strike stating that US mail was delayed
by striking workers.by striking workers. Railway union is broken.Railway union is broken.
The 1800's is marked byThe 1800's is marked by government use of troops to side withgovernment use of troops to side with
business over unions.business over unions.
Why did the government side with business overWhy did the government side with business over
labor during the late 1800’s?labor during the late 1800’s?
Government was over influenced by the power and moneyGovernment was over influenced by the power and money
of the big industrialists, union members lacked politicalof the big industrialists, union members lacked political
power….power….how has this changed?how has this changed?
10. Conclusion:Conclusion:
How did government & big businessHow did government & big business
interact during the late 1800’s?interact during the late 1800’s?
Government did little to regulate businessGovernment did little to regulate business
(regulatory laws lacked substance)(regulatory laws lacked substance)
Government was influenced by power &Government was influenced by power &
money of the big industrialistsmoney of the big industrialists
Government sided with big business overGovernment sided with big business over
the workers during strikes (used militarythe workers during strikes (used military
to break strikes)to break strikes)