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Heretidy part 2
- 2. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 Father of genetics Gregor johann mendel (1822–1884) was educated in a monastery Failure in studies not suppressed his zeal for scientific quest went back to his monastery and started growing peas blended his knowledge of science and mathematics and was the first one to keep count of individuals exhibiting a particular trait in each generation.
- 3. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 Why did mendel choose pea plant for his studies ? Presence of more observable contrasting traits Produces many offspring in one cross Ease in manipulating pollination Sexually reproduced with bisexual characters Self pollination and self fertilization is possible Hybrids were perfectly fertile Life cycle was completed in one cycle Takes 70 days to 80 days to mature (from planting to eating) Pea plant binomial name- Pisum sativum
- 4. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 Steps in making a cross in a pa plant
- 5. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 Mendel’s experiments Monohybrid cross Mono hybrid Single /one Combination of characters Mendel chosen height as a character (one trait) for his studies. Hybridized Tall and dwarf pea plant Height Tall dwarf
- 6. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 All plants were tall T T t t Tt Tt Fusion of gametes Punnett square mathematical count of individuals exhibiting a particular trait in each generation. Tt Tt T T t Tt Tt t Tt Tt Gamete formation -haploid cell (n) TT tt All plants were tall F1-generation of monohybrid cross
- 7. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 3:1 ratio T t T t Fusion of gametes Punnett square mathematical count of individuals exhibiting a particular trait in each generation. TT tt Tt Tt T t T TT Tt t Tt tt Gamete formation -haploid cell (n) Tt Tt 3:1 ratio F2-generation of monohybrid cross
- 8. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04F1 generation Phenotype ratio- 4:0 Genotype ratio- 4:0:0 (heterozygous Tt) F2 generation Phenotype ratio- 3:1 Genotype ratio- 1:2:1 ( TT : Tt : tt ) Homozygous –allelic pair of genes for height are identical (TT) Heterozygous- allelic pair of genes for height are non-identical (Tt)
- 9. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 Mendel’s laws of inheritance 1. Law of Dominance (i) Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors. (ii) Factors occur in pairs. (iii) In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair dominates (dominant) the other (recessive). The law of dominance is used to explain the expression of only one of the parental characters in a monohybrid cross in the F1 and the expression of both in the F2. It also explains the proportion of 3:1 obtained at the F2.
- 10. STEP 02 STEP 03 STEP 01 STEP 05 STEP 06 STEP 04 Mendel’s laws of inheritance 2. Law of segregation the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors. Of course, a homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar while a heterozygous one produces two kinds of gametes each having one allele with equal proportion. In simple- alleles get separated during gamete formation (one allele in each gamete)
- 11. You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description You can replace your text here. Type your detailed description Learn with saro 11 Tt ? ? Tt Tt Tt If alleles are not separated during gamete formation !!!!
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