Network media types include wired and wireless options. Wired networks use twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, or fiber optic cables to transmit data via physical connections. Twisted pair wires can be unshielded or shielded, while coaxial cables have inner and outer conductors separated by insulation. Fiber optic cables transmit data via pulses of light through glass or plastic fibers. Wireless networks transmit data via radio frequencies or infrared waves without physical connections. Common wireless technologies include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and communication satellites. Wired networks have higher speeds but limited ranges, while wireless networks allow mobility but can have lower speeds and security risks. The choice of network media depends on needs and constraints like data speeds, distances, costs, and susceptibility to interference

1. Network Media Types

2. Network Media
 is the actual path over which an electrical signal travels as it moves from one
component to another.
 The Communication Medium/Network Media plays an important role in Networks.
If the medium works well and properly, then the speed of transferring data is good
but if the medium is not working properly, then your data would be delayed or
would not be sent or even can be lost during transmission. In Computer Networks,
we call this speed of transmitting data, as DATA RATE.

3. Two Types of networks that can be set-up
1. Wired Network
2. Wireless Network

4. WIRED NETWORK
is mostly set-up using an Ethernet Cable.
This can be done using 3 technologies:
1. Twisted Pair Wires(UTP cable, STP cable)
2. Coaxial Cables
3. Fibre Optics

5. WIRED NETWORK
1. TWISTED PAIR WIRES
This technology was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
These wires are the most oldest means of communication in
computer networking. For more than 100 years, the phone
technology has used these wires. Most usage of these twisted
wires is in our homes and offices.
The least expensive mode of communication used in networks.

6.  In this, there is a pair of 2 copper wire, each 1-
2 mm thick, enrolled on each other in a spiral
pattern. These are used to avoid interference
from the nearby similar pairs. There are
number of pairs bundled together in a cable
by wrapping the pairs in a protective shield. A
pair consists of a single communication link.

7. UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
 UTP cable is a medium that is
composed of pairs of wires. UTP cable
is used in a variety of networks. Each of
the eight individual copper wires in
UTP cable ¥is covered by an insulating
material. In addition, the wires in each
pair are twisted around each other.

8. SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
 Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable combines the techniques of shielding, cancellation, and
wire twisting. Each pair of wires is wrapped in a metallic foil. The four pairs of wires then
are wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil. STP usually is installed with STP data
connector, which is created especially for the STP cable. However, STP cabling also can
use the same RJ connectors that UTP uses.

9. CATEGORIES
OF

10. COAXIAL CABLES
 Coaxial Cables same as twisted Wire cables consists of two copper wire. But in this, the
two wires are concentric to each other. Coaxial Cables has a wire conductor in the
centre , a circumferential outer conductor known as foil shield, and an insulating
medium called the dielectric separating these two conductors. The outer conductor is
protected in an outer jacket.

11. TYPES OF COAXIAL CABLES
Rg-58
 Use for computer Networking
Rg-59
 Use for cable Televisions
Rg-6
 Use for Satellites

12. COAXIAL CABLES
Advantage Disadvantage
• Very Resistant to electromagnetic
interference and to physical
damage
• More expensive than other cables
• The biggest disadvantage is this
type of cable is not supported
anymore by fast networking
standards with its speed of 10
mbps

13. FIBRE OPTICS
 An optical fibre is a flexible, thin,
transparent fibre made of high quality glass or
plastic, slightly thicker than a human hair. Or
you can also say an optical fibre is a thin,
flexible medium that conducts pulses of light,
with each pulse representing a bit of your
data. Fibre optics can generate high Data
Rates, so these are used for long distance
communications that require high speed and
least data loss. Optical Fibres have no
electromagnetic interference and can process
data at GB/sec of speed. This quality has made
them popular in long run data transfers.
 binsonbaingan@yahoo.com may272006

14. 2 types of FIBRE OPTICS
 SINGLE MODE
 Single light travels from the inside
 Very very thin, that light do not bounce
 Use for very long distance
 More expensive than multimode
 MULTIMODE
 More than a single light travels
 Light bounces
 Cannot be use for very very long distance

15. Media
Type
Speed Cost Advantages Disadvantages
UTP 10 Mbps to
1000 Mbps
Least Expensive Easy to install; widely
available and widely used
Susceptible to interference;
can cover only a limited
distance
STP 10 Mbps to
100 Mbps
More Expensive
than UTP
Reduced crosstalk; more
resistant to EMI than UTP
Difficult to work with; can
cover only a limited Distance
COAXIAL 10 Mbps to
100 Mbps
Relatively
inexpensive,
but more
costly than UTP
Less susceptible to EMI
interference than other
types of copper media
Difficult to work with; damage
to cable can bring down entire
network
FIBER
OPTIC
100 Mbps
100 Gb/s
Expensive Cannot be tapped, so
security is better; can be
used over great distances;
is not susceptible to EMI;
has a higher data rate than
coaxial and twisted-pair
Cable
Difficult to Terminate
MEDIA TYPE COMPARISON

16. WIRELESS NETWORK
 Wireless communication uses radio frequencies (RF) or infrared (IR) waves to
transmit data between devices on a LAN. For wireless LANs, a key component is
the wireless hub, or access point, used for signal distribution.
 To receive the signals from the access point, a PC or laptop must install a wireless
adapter card (wireless NIC).
 Wireless signals are electromagnetic waves that can travel through the vacuum of
outer space and through a medium such as air. Therefore, no physical medium is
necessary for wireless signals, making them a very versatile way to build a network.

17. Some common applications of wireless data
communication:
 • Accessing the Internet using a cellular phone
 • Establishing a home or business Internet connection over satellite
 • Beaming data between two hand-held computing devices
 • Using a wireless keyboard and mouse for the PC

18. WIRELESS NETWORK
Radio waves
are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths greater than infra-red radiations. There
frequency varies from as high as 300 GHz to as low as 3 KHz . They travel by speed of light.
Radio Waves can be natural and artificial also.
Radio Waves doesn't need any physical wire to travel. They can penetrate through air,
through walls and windows and can be used to deliver long distances messages.
Natural Radio Waves occur due to lighting
Artificial Radio waves are used in mobile, radio communication, radar systems
etc.

19. WIRELESS NETWORK
Infrared
 The wireless remote controls used with appliances such as televisions and stereos
communicate with infrared transmissions. Infrared is limited to a small area (e.g. a
single room), and usually requires that the transmitter be pointed towards the
receiver.
 Infrared hardware is inexpensive compared to other mechanism, and does into
require and antenna.
 Computer networks can use infrared technology for data communication. For
example, it is possible to equip a large room with single infrared connection that
provide network access to all computer in the room.

20. WIRELESS NETWORK
Bluetooth
Bluetooth technology that enables short-range wireless connections between
desktop and notebook computer, handhelds, personal digital assistants, mobile
phones, camera phones, printers, digital cameras, headsets, keyboards and even a
computer mouse.
Bluetooth wireless technology uses a globally available frequency band 2.4 GHz
for worldwide compatibility with the 10 meter range.

21.  Communication Satellites
A communication satellite links two or more transmitter or receiver that
are situated on Earth, called as Ground Stations. The satellite receives the
message or transmission on one frequency band, reproduce the signal using
a repeater and transmits the signal or the message on another frequency.
There are basically two types of satellites are used in communications. These
are:
(a) Geostationary Satellites
(b) Low Earth Orbiting satellites (LEO satellites)
WIRELESS NETWORK

22. LEO and GEO Satellites

23. Thank You!