Neck Pain Classification
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This document outlines a flow chart for classifying and treating different types of occupational neck pain. It divides neck pain into four categories - with mobility deficit, with headache, with movement/coordination impairments, and with radiating pain. For each category, it lists red flags requiring further workup or medical referral, as well as characteristics and matched treatment approaches focusing on manual therapy, exercises and patient education. The goal is to classify neck pain based on symptoms and signs then select targeted treatments shown to be up to 86% better than generalized care.
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Neck pain 03
Neck pain can have many causes, but is generally due to soft tissue injuries or abnormalities of the cervical spine structures. The cervical spine is comprised of 7 vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and supporting ligaments and muscles. Common causes of neck pain include muscle strains, disc injuries such as herniations or protrusions, arthritis, and fractures or dislocations. Symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause but often include neck pain and tenderness as well as reduced range of motion. Treatment involves physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgery or injections depending on the severity and nature of the condition causing neck pain.
Neck pain & management ..akond
This document provides information on neck pain, including causes, symptoms, classifications, clinical examination, investigations, and treatment. It discusses how neck pain can result from disorders of structures in the neck like bones, joints, nerves and muscles. Examination involves inspection, palpation, and assessment of movement and neurological function. Investigations may include x-rays, MRI, and blood tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but typically involves rest, medications, physiotherapy including exercises and manual therapy, and surgery if conservative treatments fail. Prevention emphasizes proper posture, exercise and ergonomics to avoid strain on the neck structures.
Nerves conduction study
Nerve conduction studies are used to evaluate the function of motor and sensory nerves. They involve stimulating nerves with controlled electrical pulses and recording the responses. For motor nerve conduction studies, the compound muscle action potential is recorded from muscles. Key measurements are latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity. For sensory nerve conduction studies, the sensory nerve action potential is recorded from sensory nerves. Common sites tested include the median, ulnar, and sural nerves. The results can help diagnose various peripheral nerve and neuromuscular disorders.
Cervical Spine Pain - Dr S L Yadav
Cervical pain is a common musculoskeletal problem. It can be caused by injuries or conditions affecting the cervical spine joints, ligaments, muscles or nerves. Clinical evaluation involves assessing the pain characteristics, neurological examination and diagnostic imaging when needed. The majority of acute cervical pain resolves within weeks with conservative treatment, but some may become chronic. Cervical myelopathy presents with signs of damage to the spinal cord like lower motor neuron signs in the upper limbs and upper motor neuron signs below the level of lesion.
Approach to neck pain
Neck pain is very common, affecting up to 2 out of 3 people at some point in their lives. It is difficult to determine the exact anatomical cause of neck pain. The document provides detailed information on the epidemiology, classification, examination, and differential diagnosis of neck pain. The examination involves inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, and specific orthopedic tests to evaluate for conditions like radiculopathy and myelopathy. Pain originating from the joints, ligaments and muscles usually presents differently than pain from nerve root or spinal cord involvement.
Neck and back pain
This document discusses neck pain, its causes, evaluation, and treatment. It notes that neck pain is the fourth leading cause of disability in the US. Causes include trauma, degeneration, inflammation, infection, infiltration, and compression. Neck pain is categorized as uncomplicated, radiculopathy, or myelopathy. Evaluation involves history, physical exam including tests like Spurling's sign, and imaging like x-rays or MRI. Common conditions are mechanical disorders, disc herniation, spondylosis, stenosis, cancer, and myofascial syndrome. Treatment depends on severity but may include conservative options like physiotherapy, medications, collar, or referral to specialist. Uncomplicated neck pain is usually treated with
Cervical radiculopathy
Cervical radiculopathy is caused by spinal nerve root dysfunction resulting in dermatomal pain, parasthesias, myotomal weakness, and impaired deep tendon reflexes. It is commonly caused by herniated discs or bony spurs compressing nerve roots. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam testing dermatomes and myotomes, and imaging such as MRI. Treatment includes immobilization, traction, medications, injections, and sometimes surgery for severe or progressive cases.
Gait
The document discusses the key components and phases of normal human gait. It defines gait as rhythmic alternating movements that propel the body's center of gravity forward. The gait cycle consists of stance and swing phases for each foot. Stance is 60% of the cycle from heel contact to toe off, while swing is 40% between toe off and next heel contact. Gait involves coordinated motion of the hips, knees, ankles, and toes through flexion, extension, and rotation. The center of gravity follows an arched path minimized through determinants like pelvic tilt and rotation, knee flexion, and ankle and foot interactions.
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Neck pain 03
Neck pain can have many causes, but is generally due to soft tissue injuries or abnormalities of the cervical spine structures. The cervical spine is comprised of 7 vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and supporting ligaments and muscles. Common causes of neck pain include muscle strains, disc injuries such as herniations or protrusions, arthritis, and fractures or dislocations. Symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause but often include neck pain and tenderness as well as reduced range of motion. Treatment involves physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgery or injections depending on the severity and nature of the condition causing neck pain.
Neck pain & management ..akond
This document provides information on neck pain, including causes, symptoms, classifications, clinical examination, investigations, and treatment. It discusses how neck pain can result from disorders of structures in the neck like bones, joints, nerves and muscles. Examination involves inspection, palpation, and assessment of movement and neurological function. Investigations may include x-rays, MRI, and blood tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but typically involves rest, medications, physiotherapy including exercises and manual therapy, and surgery if conservative treatments fail. Prevention emphasizes proper posture, exercise and ergonomics to avoid strain on the neck structures.
Nerves conduction study
Nerve conduction studies are used to evaluate the function of motor and sensory nerves. They involve stimulating nerves with controlled electrical pulses and recording the responses. For motor nerve conduction studies, the compound muscle action potential is recorded from muscles. Key measurements are latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity. For sensory nerve conduction studies, the sensory nerve action potential is recorded from sensory nerves. Common sites tested include the median, ulnar, and sural nerves. The results can help diagnose various peripheral nerve and neuromuscular disorders.
Cervical Spine Pain - Dr S L Yadav
Cervical pain is a common musculoskeletal problem. It can be caused by injuries or conditions affecting the cervical spine joints, ligaments, muscles or nerves. Clinical evaluation involves assessing the pain characteristics, neurological examination and diagnostic imaging when needed. The majority of acute cervical pain resolves within weeks with conservative treatment, but some may become chronic. Cervical myelopathy presents with signs of damage to the spinal cord like lower motor neuron signs in the upper limbs and upper motor neuron signs below the level of lesion.
Approach to neck pain
Neck pain is very common, affecting up to 2 out of 3 people at some point in their lives. It is difficult to determine the exact anatomical cause of neck pain. The document provides detailed information on the epidemiology, classification, examination, and differential diagnosis of neck pain. The examination involves inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, and specific orthopedic tests to evaluate for conditions like radiculopathy and myelopathy. Pain originating from the joints, ligaments and muscles usually presents differently than pain from nerve root or spinal cord involvement.
Neck and back pain
This document discusses neck pain, its causes, evaluation, and treatment. It notes that neck pain is the fourth leading cause of disability in the US. Causes include trauma, degeneration, inflammation, infection, infiltration, and compression. Neck pain is categorized as uncomplicated, radiculopathy, or myelopathy. Evaluation involves history, physical exam including tests like Spurling's sign, and imaging like x-rays or MRI. Common conditions are mechanical disorders, disc herniation, spondylosis, stenosis, cancer, and myofascial syndrome. Treatment depends on severity but may include conservative options like physiotherapy, medications, collar, or referral to specialist. Uncomplicated neck pain is usually treated with
Cervical radiculopathy
Cervical radiculopathy is caused by spinal nerve root dysfunction resulting in dermatomal pain, parasthesias, myotomal weakness, and impaired deep tendon reflexes. It is commonly caused by herniated discs or bony spurs compressing nerve roots. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam testing dermatomes and myotomes, and imaging such as MRI. Treatment includes immobilization, traction, medications, injections, and sometimes surgery for severe or progressive cases.
Gait
The document discusses the key components and phases of normal human gait. It defines gait as rhythmic alternating movements that propel the body's center of gravity forward. The gait cycle consists of stance and swing phases for each foot. Stance is 60% of the cycle from heel contact to toe off, while swing is 40% between toe off and next heel contact. Gait involves coordinated motion of the hips, knees, ankles, and toes through flexion, extension, and rotation. The center of gravity follows an arched path minimized through determinants like pelvic tilt and rotation, knee flexion, and ankle and foot interactions.
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Muscle energy technique, a manual therapy technique with a long term history and 8 variations which can be used in various condition to treat muscle as well as joints. This slide show consists of detailed history, variations/types and summary of MET in detail.
The cervical spine
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Pain gate theory
The gate control theory of pain proposes that a "gate" in the spinal cord can open and close to modulate pain perception. It suggests that non-painful stimuli can close the gate and inhibit pain transmission, while painful stimuli open the gate and facilitate pain transmission. Psychological factors are also thought to influence the gating mechanism by modulating the balance of activity between small and large diameter nerve fibers.
Dermatomes & Myotomes By Firdous Hussain
This document discusses dermatomes and myotomes, which relate to the sensory and motor innervation of the body by spinal nerve roots. It provides detailed information on:
- The anatomy and distribution of dermatomes for each spinal nerve from C1 to S5.
- Clinical tests for dermatomes using pinprick and light touch at key points on the body.
- The muscles (myotomes) innervated by each spinal nerve root from C1 to S1.
- Clinical tests of myotomes through resisted movement exercises to evaluate motor function.
Electromyography (EMG)
This document provides an overview of electromyography (EMG). It defines EMG as the study of motor unit activity through the recording and analysis of myoelectric signals. EMG allows direct examination of muscle performance and function. It describes the motor unit and how EMG detects the motor unit action potential. Different types of electrodes used for EMG are discussed, including surface, fine-wire, and needle electrodes. The document outlines how EMG signals are captured and factors that can influence the myoelectric signal recording.
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Gait control theory of pain given by Melzack & Wall in 1965. This is very much helpful for those medical/paramedical professionals who deal with subjects having pain.
Pathological gait
This document discusses various types of pathological and abnormal gaits. It begins by outlining common causes of abnormal gait such as pain, joint limitations, muscle weakness, neurological involvement, and leg length discrepancies. It then describes specific gaits in more detail, including antalgic gait, psoatic gait, gluteus maximus gait, gluteus medius gait, quadriceps gait, genu recurvatum gait, hemiplegic gait, scissoring gait, dragging gait, cerebellar ataxic gait, sensory ataxic gait, short shuffling gait, foot drop gait, equinus gait, calcaneal g
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Kaltenborn manual mobilization srs
The document discusses Kaltenborn manual mobilization techniques which use traction and gliding movements to reduce pain and increase joint mobility. It describes testing for restrictions in joint play, end feels, and functional movements to determine appropriate treatment grades of mobilization parallel or perpendicular to the treatment plane. Indications for treatment include restricted joint play or abnormal end feels while contraindications include various pathological bone and joint conditions.
Coordination
The document provides an overview of coordination and its assessment. It defines coordination as the ability to execute smooth, accurate movements through integration of the motor, cerebellar, vestibular and sensory systems. Coordination involves appropriate speed, direction, muscle tension and synergist influences. Coordination deficits are often related to conditions involving the cerebellum, basal ganglia or dorsal columns. Common tests of coordination include finger-to-nose, heel-to-knee, rapid alternating movements and Romberg's test. Treatment focuses on techniques like PNF, balance exercises, and Frenkel's exercises to improve coordination.
Cervical spine
This document provides information on examining and assessing the cervical spine. It discusses common cervical disorders like whiplash injuries, cervical instability, and acute disk bulges. For whiplash injuries, it describes the acute, subacute, and chronic phases and associated signs and symptoms. It also outlines tests to evaluate range of motion, nerve roots, dermatomes, and special tests like Spurling's test and distraction test to assess the cervical spine.
Tennis elbow(le)
This document provides information on lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It describes how lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury caused by repetitive microtrauma to the common extensor tendon at the lateral epicondyle. The diagnosis is typically made based on physical examination findings of tenderness over the lateral epicondyle with resisted wrist and finger extension. Both non-operative treatments like physiotherapy, bracing, and steroid injections and surgical options are discussed for managing lateral epicondylitis.
Stroke ppt
1. The document provides information about stroke, including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, early warning signs, and primary impairments. It notes that stroke is caused by either blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain.
2. High blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, smoking, age, race, family history, and prior stroke or TIA are identified as major risk factors. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are described in terms of pathophysiology.
3. Early warning signs include sudden numbness, confusion, vision problems, and difficulty walking or balancing. Primary impairments involve sensation, motor function, coordination, reflexes, and speech/language.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve at the wrist. It causes tingling, numbness, and pain in the lateral 3.5 fingers. Diagnosis involves physical tests like Phalen's and Tinel's sign as well as electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment starts with splinting, injections, and oral anti-inflammatories. Surgery involves cutting the transverse carpal ligament if more conservative measures fail after 6 months. Complications are rare but include injury to nearby nerves or structures.
Lumbosacral radiculopathy
Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints encountered in clinical practice. It is the leading cause of disability in the developed world and accounts for billions of dollars in healthcare costs annually. Although epidemiological studies vary, the incidence of low back pain is estimated to be anywhere between 5% to more than 30% with a lifetime prevalence of 60% to 90%. Most occurrences of low back pain are self-limited and resolve without intervention. Approximately 50% of cases will resolve within one to two weeks. 90% of cases will resolve in six to 12 weeks. The differential for low back pain is broad, and amongst other diagnoses, should include lumbosacral radiculopathy. Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a term used to describe a pain syndrome caused by compression or irritation of nerve roots in the lower back. It can be caused by lumbar disc herniation, degeneration of the spinal vertebra, and narrowing of the foramen from which the nerves exit the spinal canal. Symptoms include low back pain that radiates into the lower extremities in a dermatomal pattern. Other accompanying symptoms can include numbness, weakness, and loss of reflexes, although the absence of these symptoms does not exclude a diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Pathological gait
This document discusses various types of pathological gaits, which refer to abnormal walking patterns caused by medical conditions. It describes gaits due to pain, muscular issues, deformities, and neurological problems. Specific gaits mentioned include antalgic, psoatic, gluteus maximus, quadriceps, genu recurvatum, hemiplegic, scissoring, dragging, sensory ataxic, foot drop, equinus, and knock knee gaits. Each gait type is characterized by distinct features in terms of leg, hip, knee, and trunk positioning and movement during walking. The document provides details on the anatomical causes and compensations that result in these pathological walking patterns.
Muscle Energy Technique (MET)
Muscle energy techniques (MET) involve voluntary muscle contractions by the patient against a counterforce applied by the practitioner. The goal is to move restrictive barriers and normalize muscle and fascial restrictions. Key elements include controlled joint positioning, patient-applied muscle contractions in a specific direction, and operator counterforce. MET can be used to lengthen shortened muscles, strengthen weakened muscles, reduce pain and edema, and increase joint mobility. It relies on principles like post-isometric relaxation and reciprocal inhibition. Careful technique and patient/practitioner coordination are important for success. MET can help many somatic dysfunctions but requires an understanding of indications and contraindications.
Assessment of shoulder
This document provides an overview of performing an examination of the shoulder, including assessing functional anatomy, subjective factors, and objective tests. It describes the resting and closed pack positions of the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints. Subjective factors covered include symptoms, aggravating/relieving factors, and past history. The objective examination involves observation, palpation, range of motion testing, strength testing, and multiple special tests to assess various structures like the labrum, biceps, rotator cuff, nerves. The goal is a thorough subjective and physical assessment of the shoulder.
Biomechanics of thoracic spine ppt
The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae located between the cervical and lumbar regions. Each thoracic vertebra has a heart-shaped body with demi-facets that articulate with the ribs. They also have transverse processes with costal facets that connect to the ribs. The thoracic region has a natural kyphotic curvature and supports the rib cage. Common spinal conditions that affect the thoracic region include kyphosis, Scheuermann's disease, flat back, and thoracic scoliosis.
Special Tests Of Knee Joint
This document describes various special tests used to examine the knee joint. It lists the Patellar Grinding Test for the patella, Anterior Drawer Test for the ACL, Posterior Drawer Test for the PCL, Valgus Stress Test for the MCL, and Varus Stress Test for the LCL. It also mentions Apley's Grinding Test and McMurray's Test which are used to examine the meniscus. For each test, it provides a brief description of the procedures and positioning.
Risk Stratification of Occ Low Back Pain
This document provides guidelines for managing occupational low back pain using a combined occupational medicine and physical therapy approach. It lists factors that indicate higher probabilities of success with various treatments like coordination/stabilization exercises, directional preference exercises, and manipulation plus exercise. It also discusses classifying patients into low, medium, and high risk of chronicity using tools like the STarT Back Tool and assessing red flags. The usual care of NSAIDs and encouraging normal activities is noted to have a high recurrence rate. A biopsychosocial approach including cognitive behavioral techniques and therapeutic neuroscience education is recommended for high risk patients.
Differential diagnosis of chronic dyspnea
This document provides a differential diagnosis for chronic dyspnea (shortness of breath) by discussing possible acute and chronic causes. It identifies common conditions that can cause acute or chronic dyspnea such as pneumonia, heart failure, asthma, COPD, and pulmonary embolisms. Diagnosis involves considering symptoms, signs, chest x-ray findings, and pulmonary function test results. Tests like spirometry may show obstructive or restrictive lung patterns to help distinguish conditions like asthma and COPD.
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The cervical spine
anatomy of atlanto-occipital joint atlanto-axial joint and lower cervical spine. kinematics (includes osteokinematics and arthrokinnematics) and kinetics
Pain gate theory
The gate control theory of pain proposes that a "gate" in the spinal cord can open and close to modulate pain perception. It suggests that non-painful stimuli can close the gate and inhibit pain transmission, while painful stimuli open the gate and facilitate pain transmission. Psychological factors are also thought to influence the gating mechanism by modulating the balance of activity between small and large diameter nerve fibers.
Dermatomes & Myotomes By Firdous Hussain
This document discusses dermatomes and myotomes, which relate to the sensory and motor innervation of the body by spinal nerve roots. It provides detailed information on:
- The anatomy and distribution of dermatomes for each spinal nerve from C1 to S5.
- Clinical tests for dermatomes using pinprick and light touch at key points on the body.
- The muscles (myotomes) innervated by each spinal nerve root from C1 to S1.
- Clinical tests of myotomes through resisted movement exercises to evaluate motor function.
Electromyography (EMG)
This document provides an overview of electromyography (EMG). It defines EMG as the study of motor unit activity through the recording and analysis of myoelectric signals. EMG allows direct examination of muscle performance and function. It describes the motor unit and how EMG detects the motor unit action potential. Different types of electrodes used for EMG are discussed, including surface, fine-wire, and needle electrodes. The document outlines how EMG signals are captured and factors that can influence the myoelectric signal recording.
Pain gait theory
Gait control theory of pain given by Melzack & Wall in 1965. This is very much helpful for those medical/paramedical professionals who deal with subjects having pain.
Pathological gait
This document discusses various types of pathological and abnormal gaits. It begins by outlining common causes of abnormal gait such as pain, joint limitations, muscle weakness, neurological involvement, and leg length discrepancies. It then describes specific gaits in more detail, including antalgic gait, psoatic gait, gluteus maximus gait, gluteus medius gait, quadriceps gait, genu recurvatum gait, hemiplegic gait, scissoring gait, dragging gait, cerebellar ataxic gait, sensory ataxic gait, short shuffling gait, foot drop gait, equinus gait, calcaneal g
GOLFERS ELBOW AND PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT
Golfer's elbow, also known as medial epicondylitis, is an overuse injury causing pain on the inner side of the elbow where forearm muscles attach. It results from repetitive motions like swinging a golf club or racket. Physiotherapy treatments include ultrasound, laser therapy, stretching and strengthening exercises to reduce pain and inflammation, improve range of motion and muscle strength, and prevent reinjury. Conservative treatments are usually tried first before considering corticosteroid injections or surgery. Proper form, rest, stretching, strengthening, and equipment choices can help prevent golfer's elbow.
Kaltenborn manual mobilization srs
The document discusses Kaltenborn manual mobilization techniques which use traction and gliding movements to reduce pain and increase joint mobility. It describes testing for restrictions in joint play, end feels, and functional movements to determine appropriate treatment grades of mobilization parallel or perpendicular to the treatment plane. Indications for treatment include restricted joint play or abnormal end feels while contraindications include various pathological bone and joint conditions.
Coordination
The document provides an overview of coordination and its assessment. It defines coordination as the ability to execute smooth, accurate movements through integration of the motor, cerebellar, vestibular and sensory systems. Coordination involves appropriate speed, direction, muscle tension and synergist influences. Coordination deficits are often related to conditions involving the cerebellum, basal ganglia or dorsal columns. Common tests of coordination include finger-to-nose, heel-to-knee, rapid alternating movements and Romberg's test. Treatment focuses on techniques like PNF, balance exercises, and Frenkel's exercises to improve coordination.
Cervical spine
This document provides information on examining and assessing the cervical spine. It discusses common cervical disorders like whiplash injuries, cervical instability, and acute disk bulges. For whiplash injuries, it describes the acute, subacute, and chronic phases and associated signs and symptoms. It also outlines tests to evaluate range of motion, nerve roots, dermatomes, and special tests like Spurling's test and distraction test to assess the cervical spine.
Tennis elbow(le)
This document provides information on lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), including its anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It describes how lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury caused by repetitive microtrauma to the common extensor tendon at the lateral epicondyle. The diagnosis is typically made based on physical examination findings of tenderness over the lateral epicondyle with resisted wrist and finger extension. Both non-operative treatments like physiotherapy, bracing, and steroid injections and surgical options are discussed for managing lateral epicondylitis.
Stroke ppt
1. The document provides information about stroke, including its definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, early warning signs, and primary impairments. It notes that stroke is caused by either blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain.
2. High blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, smoking, age, race, family history, and prior stroke or TIA are identified as major risk factors. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are described in terms of pathophysiology.
3. Early warning signs include sudden numbness, confusion, vision problems, and difficulty walking or balancing. Primary impairments involve sensation, motor function, coordination, reflexes, and speech/language.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve at the wrist. It causes tingling, numbness, and pain in the lateral 3.5 fingers. Diagnosis involves physical tests like Phalen's and Tinel's sign as well as electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment starts with splinting, injections, and oral anti-inflammatories. Surgery involves cutting the transverse carpal ligament if more conservative measures fail after 6 months. Complications are rare but include injury to nearby nerves or structures.
Lumbosacral radiculopathy
Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints encountered in clinical practice. It is the leading cause of disability in the developed world and accounts for billions of dollars in healthcare costs annually. Although epidemiological studies vary, the incidence of low back pain is estimated to be anywhere between 5% to more than 30% with a lifetime prevalence of 60% to 90%. Most occurrences of low back pain are self-limited and resolve without intervention. Approximately 50% of cases will resolve within one to two weeks. 90% of cases will resolve in six to 12 weeks. The differential for low back pain is broad, and amongst other diagnoses, should include lumbosacral radiculopathy. Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a term used to describe a pain syndrome caused by compression or irritation of nerve roots in the lower back. It can be caused by lumbar disc herniation, degeneration of the spinal vertebra, and narrowing of the foramen from which the nerves exit the spinal canal. Symptoms include low back pain that radiates into the lower extremities in a dermatomal pattern. Other accompanying symptoms can include numbness, weakness, and loss of reflexes, although the absence of these symptoms does not exclude a diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Pathological gait
This document discusses various types of pathological gaits, which refer to abnormal walking patterns caused by medical conditions. It describes gaits due to pain, muscular issues, deformities, and neurological problems. Specific gaits mentioned include antalgic, psoatic, gluteus maximus, quadriceps, genu recurvatum, hemiplegic, scissoring, dragging, sensory ataxic, foot drop, equinus, and knock knee gaits. Each gait type is characterized by distinct features in terms of leg, hip, knee, and trunk positioning and movement during walking. The document provides details on the anatomical causes and compensations that result in these pathological walking patterns.
Muscle Energy Technique (MET)
Muscle energy techniques (MET) involve voluntary muscle contractions by the patient against a counterforce applied by the practitioner. The goal is to move restrictive barriers and normalize muscle and fascial restrictions. Key elements include controlled joint positioning, patient-applied muscle contractions in a specific direction, and operator counterforce. MET can be used to lengthen shortened muscles, strengthen weakened muscles, reduce pain and edema, and increase joint mobility. It relies on principles like post-isometric relaxation and reciprocal inhibition. Careful technique and patient/practitioner coordination are important for success. MET can help many somatic dysfunctions but requires an understanding of indications and contraindications.
Assessment of shoulder
This document provides an overview of performing an examination of the shoulder, including assessing functional anatomy, subjective factors, and objective tests. It describes the resting and closed pack positions of the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints. Subjective factors covered include symptoms, aggravating/relieving factors, and past history. The objective examination involves observation, palpation, range of motion testing, strength testing, and multiple special tests to assess various structures like the labrum, biceps, rotator cuff, nerves. The goal is a thorough subjective and physical assessment of the shoulder.
Biomechanics of thoracic spine ppt
The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae located between the cervical and lumbar regions. Each thoracic vertebra has a heart-shaped body with demi-facets that articulate with the ribs. They also have transverse processes with costal facets that connect to the ribs. The thoracic region has a natural kyphotic curvature and supports the rib cage. Common spinal conditions that affect the thoracic region include kyphosis, Scheuermann's disease, flat back, and thoracic scoliosis.
Special Tests Of Knee Joint
This document describes various special tests used to examine the knee joint. It lists the Patellar Grinding Test for the patella, Anterior Drawer Test for the ACL, Posterior Drawer Test for the PCL, Valgus Stress Test for the MCL, and Varus Stress Test for the LCL. It also mentions Apley's Grinding Test and McMurray's Test which are used to examine the meniscus. For each test, it provides a brief description of the procedures and positioning.
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Risk Stratification of Occ Low Back Pain
This document provides guidelines for managing occupational low back pain using a combined occupational medicine and physical therapy approach. It lists factors that indicate higher probabilities of success with various treatments like coordination/stabilization exercises, directional preference exercises, and manipulation plus exercise. It also discusses classifying patients into low, medium, and high risk of chronicity using tools like the STarT Back Tool and assessing red flags. The usual care of NSAIDs and encouraging normal activities is noted to have a high recurrence rate. A biopsychosocial approach including cognitive behavioral techniques and therapeutic neuroscience education is recommended for high risk patients.
Differential diagnosis of chronic dyspnea
This document provides a differential diagnosis for chronic dyspnea (shortness of breath) by discussing possible acute and chronic causes. It identifies common conditions that can cause acute or chronic dyspnea such as pneumonia, heart failure, asthma, COPD, and pulmonary embolisms. Diagnosis involves considering symptoms, signs, chest x-ray findings, and pulmonary function test results. Tests like spirometry may show obstructive or restrictive lung patterns to help distinguish conditions like asthma and COPD.
Neck Pain
Neck pain is common and can be caused by muscle strains, ligament sprains, arthritis, or pinched nerves. The majority of neck pain cases, regardless of the underlying cause, recover without treatment. Specific causes mentioned include cervical strain from everyday life or poor posture/sleeping habits, cervical spondylosis from wear and tear on tissues, and cervical discogenic pain from changes in the cervical discs. Treatment options mentioned are NSAIDs, heat/ice, massage, stretching, acupuncture, chiropractic, and yoga poses targeting the neck and shoulders. Surgery is usually not useful and other therapies should be tried first. Lifestyle changes like reducing stress, improving posture, and avoiding prolonged static positions can help
approach a patient with low back pain
Mr. B is a 37-year-old male who experienced acute lower back pain while working in his yard. He reports dull, burning pain localized to his lower back radiating into his left buttock. Physical examination reveals tenderness over the paraspinous muscles but normal range of motion, strength, and sensation in the lower extremities. Non-surgical management including medications, exercise, and lifestyle modifications is recommended. Further investigations are not needed unless symptoms fail to improve within 4-6 weeks.
Low Back Pain
This document discusses low back pain, its causes, symptoms, and risk factors. It summarizes that low back pain can be caused by sensory, motor, or autonomic root involvement in the spine. Symptoms may include pain, numbness, muscle weakness, or loss of bladder/bowel control. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, previous injuries or surgery, pregnancy, or congenital spine problems. Some risk factors like smoking and weight can be modified, while others like age cannot. The document was prepared by Dr. Md Nazrul Islam for Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. in Bangladesh.
Low Back Pain: Diagnosis to Treatment!
This document provides information on low back pain, including its definition, prevalence, costs, causes, examination, diagnosis, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Low back pain is very common, affecting 60-80% of adults at some point. It costs the US over $90 billion annually in direct medical expenses and lost work.
- Causes can be non-spinal (e.g. hernia, infection) or spinal (e.g. arthritis, herniated disc, stenosis).
- Examination involves assessing gait, range of motion, motor strength, sensation, and reflexes. Common diagnostic tests are x-rays, MRI, CT.
- Treatment depends on cause but
Low Back Pain
This document discusses low back pain, which is very common among working adults. It presents in people over 45 years old and is usually caused by degenerative changes or instability in the lumbosacral region of the spine. While 80% of cases resolve with conservative treatment like rest, heat, and over-the-counter medications, 5-10% may require surgery for issues like nerve compression, instability, or deformity. The document outlines approaches to evaluating and diagnosing the cause of low back pain through history, physical exam, imaging studies, and outlines treatment approaches including conservative care, injections, and surgical options.
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impairments of spine
lumbar spine
cervical spine
forward head posture
kyphosis
scoliosis
movement impairments
12 -muscleskeletal dk.jlkjlkjlkisorders.pptx
This document discusses the management of patients with musculoskeletal disorders including low back pain, upper extremity conditions, foot problems, and osteoporosis. It provides information on clinical manifestations, assessment approaches, treatment strategies, and nursing interventions for related surgeries and conditions. Key points include common causes of low back pain, signs and symptoms to assess, exercise and body mechanics recommendations for low back pain patients, risk factors and prevention strategies for osteoporosis, and home care education topics for osteoporosis patients.
Ullswater Physio CPD
This document provides an overview of assessment and management of shoulder injuries in physiotherapy practice. It discusses common shoulder presentations including pain, stiffness, instability and weakness. Common causes of shoulder pain are injuries to the glenohumeral joint, subacromial area, and AC joint. The document outlines techniques for assessing the shoulder through history, observation, range of motion testing, strength tests, and special tests like Neer's impingement test. Rehabilitation approaches are also reviewed, including exercises to improve mobility, strength, and functional ability. Outcome measures and when to consider referral are also addressed.
Lumbar spinal stenosis, laminectomy, prolapsed intervertebral disc
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. It commonly occurs in people over 50 due to age-related wear and tear causing bone spurs or thickened ligaments. The best test for diagnosis is an MRI of the lumbar spine, which will show if there is compression of the spinal cord or nerves. Conservative treatment includes medications like NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, and epidural steroid injections, as well as physical therapy. Surgery such as laminectomy or discectomy may be considered if conservative measures fail to provide relief from pain and symptoms.
Vertebral Fracture and Spinal Cord Injury.pptx
This document discusses vertebral fractures and spinal cord injuries. It begins by describing the anatomy of the vertebral column and typical vertebrae. It then discusses different types of lumbar vertebral fractures including wedge compression fractures, burst fractures, flexion-distraction injuries, and fracture-dislocations. Emergency management of spinal injuries is outlined including immobilization techniques. Spinal cord injuries are also summarized, covering topics like pathophysiology, classifications, consequences, and specific syndromes like central cord syndrome. Acute phase conditions like spinal shock and neurogenic shock are defined.
Neck pain case presentation - Cervical spondylosis
This document summarizes a case of a 55-year-old female tailor presenting with neck pain for 4 months. Her examination showed decreased range of motion of the neck without neurological deficits. Her comorbidities included diabetes mellitus. Differential diagnoses included cervical spondylosis, mechanical neck pain, and cervical disc herniation. She was managed with analgesics, a cervical collar, and physiotherapy. The discussion covered mechanical neck disorders, cervical spondylosis, and cervical disc herniation as potential causes and their typical presentations, investigations, and management approaches.
The Painful Adult Shoulder: evidence based history, exam and approach
This document provides an overview of a lecture on evaluating and diagnosing shoulder pain. It discusses taking a history, performing a physical exam including range of motion and provocative tests, and reviewing evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of the exam. Imaging guidelines and options like MRI, ultrasound and X-rays are presented. Common shoulder conditions like impingement, rotator cuff injuries, and adhesive capsulitis are reviewed in terms of symptoms, exam findings, imaging and treatment.
Scheuermann's disease
Scheuermann's disease is a spinal deformity in which the front of the spine does not grow as quickly as the back, causing excessive curvature of the thoracic spine (kyphosis). It typically occurs during periods of bone growth between ages 12-14. Symptoms may include back pain, difficulty breathing, and muscle spasms. Treatment depends on the degree of curvature but may include exercises, bracing, medication, or surgery to reduce the deformity.
Clinical reasoning cervical.pdf
This document summarizes a presentation on the assessment and treatment of cervical spine issues. It outlines objectives of identifying diagnoses, key exam findings, and appropriate treatment strategies. It discusses risk factors and components of the history and exam, including various mobility tests. Four common cervical conditions are described - nonspecific neck pain with mobility deficits, neck pain with movement impairment, cervicogenic headache, and radicular neck pain. For each, it provides details on clinical presentation and recommends acute, subacute, and chronic treatment approaches, which include manual therapy, exercise and patient education.
Spinal canal stenosis
The document discusses spinal canal stenosis, including:
1. It describes spinal canal stenosis as the narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots, most commonly occurring in the lumbar vertebrae.
2. Symptoms include back pain radiating into the legs, numbness, and weakness that is relieved by bending forward and made worse by standing upright or walking.
3. Treatment options range from non-surgical approaches like medication, physical therapy, and epidural injections for mild-to-moderate cases to surgical decompression like laminectomy or the X-STOP implant for more severe cases.
Intervertebral disk prolapse
The document discusses herniation of the intervertebral disk, including its risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, medical and surgical management, complications, and nursing care. It provides information on disk herniation in the cervical and lumbar spine. Nursing plays an important role in assessing and caring for patients with disk herniations through providing treatment, education, and support.
Spinal decompression
Educational information about Spinal Decompression Traction and how low back pain patients can benefit from it.
Shoulder Pathology and the Industrial Athlete
This document discusses common shoulder pathologies seen in industrial athletes. It begins with shoulder anatomy including bones and muscles. It then discusses common injuries like impingement and rotator cuff tears. Impingement is caused by encroachment in the subacromial space and can be primary from bone spurs or congenital issues, or secondary from muscle imbalances or poor posture. Rotator cuff tears can be partial or full thickness and result from repetitive stress or acute trauma. Treatment involves rehabilitation exercises and potentially surgery. Trigger points are also discussed as a potential cause of shoulder pain presenting in specific patterns that can be treated with massage or spray techniques. Overall the document provides an overview of shoulder issues in industrial settings and potential
Low back pain( part 2)
This document provides information on the assessment and management of various low back pain conditions. It discusses acute and chronic back pain, sciatica, radiculopathy, spondylolisthesis, and spinal stenosis. Treatment approaches include education, exercises, analgesics, physical therapy, injections, and surgery if conservative options fail. Referral is recommended for urgent cases involving neurological deficits or when pain persists for over 3 months without an identified cause.
Neurodynamics
This document discusses various neurodynamic mobilization techniques used to assess and treat neural tension. It begins by defining neurodynamics and describing principles of neural mobilization including applying gentle oscillatory movements when tension is detected. Several upper and lower extremity neural tension tests are then described in detail, including the upper limb neurodynamic test for the median, radial and ulnar nerves, the straight leg raise for the sciatic nerve, slump-sitting maneuver, prone knee bend for the femoral nerve. Precautions for each technique are provided. The document concludes by briefly defining carpal tunnel syndrome.
A pain in the neck
This document discusses a surgeon's experience treating neck pain and related issues over the course of a year. It provides data on the number of cases handled by the surgeon and other surgeons. It discusses topics like acute neck pain, cervical radiculopathy, cervical myelopathy, and various surgical and non-surgical treatment options. It also presents three case studies, including one on cervical spondylotic myelopathy and two on cervical fusion and adjacent segment deterioration. Outcome data is presented comparing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion to cervical arthroplasty.
LOW BACK PAIN.PPT
The document discusses the management of low back pain. It provides an overview of common causes of low back pain such as spinal stenosis, disc herniation, radiculitis, and spondylosis. It also outlines the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches for low back pain. Treatment approaches discussed include physical therapy, exercises, medications, and in some cases surgery. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and antidepressants are some of the medications mentioned for pharmacological management of low back pain.
Lumber disc bulge/ Herniation/ Prolapse
What is structure of lumber disc? What is disc bulge/prolapse/herniation? What is difference between disc bulge, disc prolapse, disc herniation or disc extrusion? What is criteria to diagnose lumber disc prolapse? How lumber disc herniation is treated medically or surgically? How lumber disc herniation is treated by conservative method? How lumber disc herniation is treated through physical therapy? What is physiotherapy after various disc surgeries? What is radiological method to diagnose disc prolapse?
Spondylosis
Spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the spine that occurs with aging. It involves the wearing down of cartilage and bones in the vertebrae. This can cause pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Risk factors include aging, repetitive strain, smoking, genetics, and injury. Symptoms may include joint pain, swelling, and muscle spasms. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy such as heat/cold therapy, electrical stimulation and exercises, and in severe cases surgery. Studies show exercise and manual therapies like manipulation can help relieve symptoms.
Similar to Neck Pain Classification (20)
Lumbar spinal stenosis, laminectomy, prolapsed intervertebral disc
Lumbar spinal stenosis, laminectomy, prolapsed intervertebral disc
Neck pain case presentation - Cervical spondylosis
Neck pain case presentation - Cervical spondylosis
The Painful Adult Shoulder: evidence based history, exam and approach
The Painful Adult Shoulder: evidence based history, exam and approach
Neck Pain Classification
- 1. STAGE2STAGE1STAGE3 Absent Red Flags Further Work-up Classification Based Treatment Approach up to 86% better Neck Pain with Mobility Deficit • Cervical mobilization/manipulation • Thoracic mobilization/manipulation • Stretching exercises • Coordination, strengthening, and endurance exercises Neck Pain with Headache • Cervical mobilization/manipulation • Deep neck flexor strengthening • Self-mobilization techniques • Stretching exercises Neck Pain with Movement/ Coordination Impairments • Coordination, strengthening, and endurance exercises. • Patient education and counseling. • Stretching exercises. Neck Pain with Radiating Pain • Upper quarter and nerve mobilization procedures. • Traction. • Thoracic mobilization/manipulation Present Occupational Neck Pain Flow Chart Neck Pain with Mobility Deficit • Unilateral neck pain. • Onset often related to recent unguarded/awkward movement. • Neck motion limitations which are asymmetric in SB and/or Rot and painful at end range. • Neck and UE related pain reproduced with provocation of involved cervical or upper thoracic segments. Neck Pain with Headache • Noncontinuous unilateral neck pain and assoc. HA. • HA precipitated or aggrav. by neck movement or posture. • Reproduced with upper cervical segment palpation. • Limited neck motion esp. Cerv Flex Rot < 32 deg. • Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Impairment. Neck Pain with Movement/ Coordination Impairments • Often precipitated by trauma/whiplash. • Deep neck flexor strength/ endurance deficits. • Neck pain with mid-range motion that worsens at end range. • Neck and related upper extreme pain reproduced with provocation of involved segments. Neck Pain with Radiating Pain • Neck and neck-related radiating pain reproduced with: • Spurling’s Test. • Upper limb tension test. • Neck and neck-related radiating pain reduced relieved with distraction. • May have upper extremity sensory, strength, or reflex deficits associated with the involved nerve root. Matched Treatments Absent Canadian Cervical Spine Rule Refer for ImagingPresent Select and Partnering for Success: SELECT MEDICAL OUTPATIENT DIVISION SELECT MEDICAL OUTPATIENT DIVISION