Arthropods emerged near the base of the Cambrian period based on early trace fossils and body fossils from the Cambrian. Molecular evidence indicates arthropods are monophyletic and part of the Ecdysozoa clade. Key insights include hexapods being crustaceans rather than allies of myriapods, and lobopodians representing stem lineages rather than relatives of onychophorans. The diversity of Cambrian lobopodians and anomalocaridids sheds light on the stem group leading to crown-group euarthropods.
Some references are coming from the internet, i just copied it.. credits to the owner. some information are not mine as well as the slide i just download it from the internet. My report in my Masters.
Some references are coming from the internet, i just copied it.. credits to the owner. some information are not mine as well as the slide i just download it from the internet. My report in my Masters.
Caenorhabditis elegans is a tiny, free-living nematode found worldwide. Newly hatched larvae are 0.25 millimeters long and adults are 1 millimeter long. Their small size means that the animals are usually observed with either dissecting microscopes, which generally allow up to 100X magnification, or compound microscopes, which allow up to 1000X magnification. Because C. elegans is transparent, individual cells and subcellular details are easily visualized using Nomarski (differential interference contrast, DIC) optics.
C. elegans has a rapid life cycle and exists primarily as a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite, although males arise at a frequency of <0.2%. These features have helped to make C. elegans a powerful model of choice for eukaryotic genetic studies. In addition, because the animal has an invariant numbers of somatic cells, researchers have been able to track the fate of every cell between fertilization and adulthood in live animals and to generate a complete cell lineage. Researchers have also reconstructed the shape of all C. elegans cells from electron micrographs, including each of the 302 neurons of the adult hermaphrodite. Moreover, because of the invariant wild-type cell lineage and neuroanatomy of C. elegans, mutations that give rise to developmental and behavioral defects are readily identified in genetic screens. Finally, because C. elegans was the first multicellular organism with a complete genome sequence, forward and reverse genetics have led to the molecular identification of many key genes in developmental and cell biological processes.
The experimental strengths and the similarities between the cellular and molecular processes present in C. elegans and other animals across evolutionary time (metabolism, organelle structure and function, gene regulation, protein biology, etc.) have made C. elegans an excellent organism with which to study general metazoan biology. At least 38% of the C. elegans protein-coding genes have predicted orthologs in the human genome, 60-80% of human genes have an ortholog in the C. elegans genome, and 40% of genes known to be associated with human diseases have clear orthologs in the C. elegans genome. Thus, many discoveries in C. elegans have relevance to the study of human health and disease.
innovative thinking assignment , regarding recombinant Dna technology. it is about how to bring back extinct life back from the dead in this 21st century using new technologies at our disposal!
La regeneración en planarias son metazoos bilaterados acelomados cuya asombrosa capacidad regenerativa ha sido ampliamente investigada debido a sus potenciales aplicaciones clínicas y biotecnológicas.
Caenorhabditis elegans is a tiny, free-living nematode found worldwide. Newly hatched larvae are 0.25 millimeters long and adults are 1 millimeter long. Their small size means that the animals are usually observed with either dissecting microscopes, which generally allow up to 100X magnification, or compound microscopes, which allow up to 1000X magnification. Because C. elegans is transparent, individual cells and subcellular details are easily visualized using Nomarski (differential interference contrast, DIC) optics.
C. elegans has a rapid life cycle and exists primarily as a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite, although males arise at a frequency of <0.2%. These features have helped to make C. elegans a powerful model of choice for eukaryotic genetic studies. In addition, because the animal has an invariant numbers of somatic cells, researchers have been able to track the fate of every cell between fertilization and adulthood in live animals and to generate a complete cell lineage. Researchers have also reconstructed the shape of all C. elegans cells from electron micrographs, including each of the 302 neurons of the adult hermaphrodite. Moreover, because of the invariant wild-type cell lineage and neuroanatomy of C. elegans, mutations that give rise to developmental and behavioral defects are readily identified in genetic screens. Finally, because C. elegans was the first multicellular organism with a complete genome sequence, forward and reverse genetics have led to the molecular identification of many key genes in developmental and cell biological processes.
The experimental strengths and the similarities between the cellular and molecular processes present in C. elegans and other animals across evolutionary time (metabolism, organelle structure and function, gene regulation, protein biology, etc.) have made C. elegans an excellent organism with which to study general metazoan biology. At least 38% of the C. elegans protein-coding genes have predicted orthologs in the human genome, 60-80% of human genes have an ortholog in the C. elegans genome, and 40% of genes known to be associated with human diseases have clear orthologs in the C. elegans genome. Thus, many discoveries in C. elegans have relevance to the study of human health and disease.
innovative thinking assignment , regarding recombinant Dna technology. it is about how to bring back extinct life back from the dead in this 21st century using new technologies at our disposal!
La regeneración en planarias son metazoos bilaterados acelomados cuya asombrosa capacidad regenerativa ha sido ampliamente investigada debido a sus potenciales aplicaciones clínicas y biotecnológicas.
Evolutionary Ties Between Molluses- Annelids- and Arthropods In older.docxConnorryKPooler
Evolutionary Ties Between Molluses, Annelids, and Arthropods In older editions of zoology textbooks one may find discussion of close evolutionary ties between the phyla Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. You have not studied the arthropods or annelids yet. Both groups have segmentally arranged body parts. Which of the following statements could help sort out the true relationships among members of these phyla? Select all that apply. Check All That Apply Since the Monoplacophora have some segmentally arranged structures, past zoologists concluded that segmentation is synapomorphy that unites all three phyla. This conclusion is valid today. Mollusca and Annelida are lophotrochozoan phyla. Molecular and embryological evidence supports the ties between these two phyla. Arthropoda is an ecdysozoan phylum. It cannot be closely related to the other two. Recent evidence suggests that the segmental arrangement of structures in monoplacophorans is a derived character. It is probably not valid to base phylogenetic conclusions on that character. Embryological and molecular evidence clearly demonstrates that the Mollusca and Annelida are sister taxa. They are both protostome lophotrochozoans. Arthropods are more distantly related to members of the other two phyla. They are deuterostome lophotrochozoans.
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Home Read Sign inEXPLORATIONSCONTENTS Search in boSusanaFurman449
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EXPLORATIONS
CONTENTS
Search in book …
Private: Main Body
9. Early Hominins
Kerryn Warren, Ph.D., University of Cape Town
Lindsay Hunter, Ph.D., University of Witwatersrand
Navashni Naidoo, M.Sc., University of Cape Town
Silindokuhle Mavuso, M.Sc., University of Witwatersrand
Kimberleigh Tommy, M.Sc., University of Witwatersrand
Rosa Moll, M.Sc., University of Witwatersrand
Nomawethu Hlazo, M.Sc., University of Cape Town
Learning Objectives
De�ne what is meant by “hominin”.
Understand what is meant by “derived” and “primitive” traits and why this is relevant for understanding early
hominin evolution.
Understand changing paleoclimates and paleoenvironments during early human evolution, and contextualize
them as potential factors in�uencing adaptations during this time.
Describe the anatomical changes associated with bipedalism in early hominins and the implications for
changes in locomotion.
Describe the anatomical changes associated with dentition in early hominins and their implication for diet in
the Plio-Pleistocene.
Describe early hominin genera and species, including their currently understood dates and geographic ex-
panses and what we know about them. Previous: Primate Evolution
Next: Early Members of the Genus Homo
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https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/explorationsbioanth
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https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/explorationsbioanth/
https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/explorationsbioanth/chapter/__unknown__-10/
https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/explorationsbioanth/chapter/__unknown__-15/
Describe the earliest stone tool techno-complex and what it implies about the transition from early ho-
minins to our genus.
DEFINING HOMININS
It is through our study of our hominin ancestors and relatives that we are exposed to a world of “might have beens”: of
other paths not taken by our species, other ways of being human. But in order to better understand these different evolu-
tionary trajectories, we must �rst de�ne the terms we are using. If an imaginary line were drawn between ourselves and
our closest relatives, the great apes, bipedalism (or habitually walking upright on two feet) is where that line would be.
Hominin, then, means everyone on “our” side of the line: humans and all of our extinct bipedal ancestors and relatives
since our divergence from the last common ancestor (LCA) with chimpanzees.
Historic interpretations of our evolution, prior to our �nding of early hominin fossils, varied. Debates in the mid-1800s re-
garding hominin origins focused on two key issues:
���Where did we evolve?
���Which traits evolved �rst?
Charles Darwin hypothesized that we evolved ...
Exam 2 Study Guide. All questions will be over these concepts, voc.docxSANSKAR20
Exam 2 Study Guide. All questions will be over these concepts, vocabulary, and facts
Chp 10:
Cell Cycle
Genome
Mitosis
Chp11:
Meiosis
Gamete
Haploid & Diploid cell
Sexual reproduction
Chp12:
Gregor Mendel
Traits
Genotype & Phenotype
Allele
Dominant Trait & Recessive trait
Homozygous & Heterozygous
Punnet Square (concept. You will not do one on the exam)
Predictable Genetic frequencies (pedigree, farming genetic disorders)
Wild Type
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent assortment
Chp14:
DNA
Backbone
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotides
Base
Base Pair
Codon
Gene
Chromosome
DNA Polymerase (concept, vocab word)
Helicase (concept, vocab word)
Okazaki Fragment (concept, vocab word)
Proof Reading
Telomeres
DNA bases (4) and which bind
RNA: Uracil
Steps of DNA Replication (just listing the steps: min 5 max 10, depending on word choice)
Chp 15:
The Central Dogma of Biology
Transcription (steps, concepts)
Translation (steps, concepts)
tRNA
Mutation
Biotechnology
Chp 18:
Evolution
Natural Selection
Charles Darwin & Alfred R. Wallace
“Survival of the fittest” is incorrect.
Adaptation
Species
Hybrid (species): Postzygotic & Prezygotic
Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
Sympatric Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Gradual Speciation & Punctuated Equilibrium
Chp 19:
Evolution
Evolution cumulative functions of: (know each)
Mutation, Genetic Drift, Migration, Natural Selection
Chance (involved with Evolution): Fixation, Founder Effect, Population Bottleneck
Natural Selection: 3 conditions for occurrence; what it looks like; what it does/does not do
Convergent Evolution
Evolution’s influence over, but not its “purpose”
Species are the basic unit of Biodiversity
Chp 20:
Phylogeny
Phylogenetic Trees/models
Concept of “shared ancestry”
Taxonomy: concept, define, & list 8 hierarchical categories
Convergent Evolution
Molecular Systematics & DNA Homology
Compare Phylogeny verse the “species concept”
Chp 21-29:
Biodiversity
Flora, Fauna, Biota
Virus (concept, importance to Evolution by Natural Selection)
Importance of “Domain”
Prokaryotes: Define, importance/role in Nature
Stromatolites as evidence
Biofilms
Protists: define, importance/role in Nature
Fungi: Define, importance/role in Nature
3 descriptors of Fungi
Fungal DNA
Hyphae & Mycelium
Decomposer
Mycorrhizae
Plants:
Ancestry (phylogeny)
Plants: Define, importance/role in nature
3 defining descriptors of Plants
Specific adaptations for evolution to land
3 problems all plants (as a phylogenetic group) face
Non-vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Seed Plant
Vascular Tissue: Xylem & Phloem
Roots, True leaves
Waxy Cuticle
Important role of Ecological Succession of Plants to Life
Seed Plants:
Seed: define, role/importance of to a plant, water & reproduction
Spermatophytes
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm,
Flower & Fruit
Flower: Stamen, Carpel, Petal, Ovary)
Herbivory
Pollination & Pollinators: Trickery, Bribery, coevolution of
Importance of Plants to Humans
Humans and Plants coevolution
The life of a bee is very different f ...
Origin of Tetrapods Inferred from Their Mitochondrial DNA Affiliation.pdfarcellzone
Origin of Tetrapods Inferred from Their Mitochondrial DNA Affiliation to Iungfish Axel Meyer"
and Allan Ci Wilson Diviaies of Miochemiatry and Meleculor Biolney, Univenity of Californin,
Derkelicy, Californis 94720, USA Summary. This paper shows that questions of an tree -
Statistical testing - Morphological traits unexpected phylogenetic depth can be addressed by
Conquest of land the stady of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. For decades, it has been
unclear whether coelacanth fishes or lunglishes are the closest living relatives of land vertebrates
(Tetrapoda). Segments Introduction of mtDNA from a lungfish, the coelacanth, and a ray-finned
fish were seeuenced and compared to the The recognision that land vertebrates (tetrapods).
published sequence of a froe miDNA. A tree based evolved from lobe-finned fishes was one of
the great on inferred amino ocid replacements, silent trans- achievements of comparative
morphology (Romer versions, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) substitutions 1966). For more that a
century, however, there has sbowed with statistical confidence that the lungfish been uncertainty
(Forey 1988) about which of the mADNA is more closely related to that of the frog two lobe-
finned groups, the Crossopterygii or lung. than in the mtDNA of the coelafanth. This result
fishes, are more akin to tetrapods (Fig. 1, 1ee legend). appears to rule out the possibility fatt the
coclacanth So long as this matter was unsettled, it was imposlineage gave rise to land
vertebrates; hence, mor- sibie to develop a detailed model of hoa fishes conphological characters
that link the latter two groups quered the land, are possibly due to convergent evolution or
reversals Fifty years ago, the discovery of a living species. and not to common descent. Besides
supporting the representiag an otherwise extinct group of coelaTheory that land vertebrates arose
from an offhoot canths (Smith 1939,1953 ) , which comprise a part of the lineage leading to
lungfishes, the molecular of the Crossopterygi,, created hope that this living tree facilitabes an
evolutionary interpeetation of the fossil was the missing link and close to the ancestry.
morphological differences among the living forms. of tetrapods. However, even with extant
material at It would appear that the commos ancestor of lung- hand, cormparative morphologists
and paleontolofises and tetrapods already possessed multiple gists favored different relationships
(Fig. IA) (Wahmorphological traits preadspting their locomotion, lert 1968; Lavtrup 1977; Wiley
1979; Resen et al. circulation, and respiration for life on land. 1981; Lagios 19s2; Forcy 1987;
Fritasch 1987 ; Northeut 1987 ; Schultze 1987). Although the above Key werds: Direct
sequencing - Polymerase chain question is unsolved, it is generally accepted, as reaction -
Cytochrome b 12 S rRNA - Cocla- shown in Fit. 1A, that ray-finned frshes (Actinopcanth - Ray-
finned fishes - Frog - Evolutionary terygii) are more distantly related to the tetrapods and a.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.