This document discusses natural resources and conservation. It defines renewable and non-renewable resources, with examples such as air and water being renewable, and coal and petroleum being non-renewable. It also discusses soil conservation, land resources, land degradation, and waste land development. Land degradation is caused by factors like soil pollution, salinization, erosion, and shifting cultivation. Control methods include preventing erosion, changing farming practices, using biofertilizers, mulching, and waste land development programs.

1. SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND EXTENSION
SUBJECT : E – LEARNING AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
SUBJECT CODE : BED641
SUBJECT TEACHER : MR. MAHESH MALI SIR
TOPIC : NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
NAME : SHIVANI S SARATE
CLASS : T.Y B.SC B.ED
ROLL NO. : 37
PROGRAMME NAME : B.SC B.ED

2. NATURAL RESOURCES AND
CONSERVATION

3. NATURAL RESOURCES
• Natural resources are
materials from the Earth that
are used to support life and
meet people's needs.
• Any natural substance that
humans use can be considered
a natural resource.
• Oil, coal, natural gas, metals,
stone, sand, air, sunlight, soil
and water are natural
resources.

4. NATURAL RESOURCES

6. 1. RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• Renewable resources are those
that are present in unlimited
quantity in nature or those that
will replace themselves over
time.
• These resources are not likely to
be exhausted by human
activities. As they are unlimited,
they are also called inexhaustible
resources.
• Example: Air, water

7. 2. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• Non-renewable
resources are those that
are limited in nature and
will not replace themselves.
• They can be exhausted by
human activities. As they are
limited, they are also
called exhaustible resources.
• Example: Coal, petroleum an
d natural gas are exhaustible
fossil fuels

8. Difference between Renewable and
Non-Renewable Resources
RENEWABLE RESOURCES NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources cannot be depleted
over time.
Non-renewable resources deplete over time.
Renewable resources include sunlight,
water, wind and also geothermal sources
such as hot springs
Non-renewable energy includes fossil fuels
such as coal and petroleum.
Most renewable resources have low carbon
emissions and low carbon footprint
Non-renewable energy has a comparatively
higher carbon footprint and carbon
emissions
The upfront cost of renewable energy is
high. For instance, Generating electricity
using technologies running on renewable
energy is costlier than generating it with
fossil fuels
Non-renewable energy has a comparatively
lower upfront cost.

9. SOIL CONSERVATION
• Soil conservation means protecting soils from
erosion and nutrient loss.
• It helps to keep soil fertile and healthy.
• Soil conservation is a set of management
strategies for prevention of soil being eroded
from the Earth’s surface or becoming chemically
altered by overuse.

10. LAND RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT
• Resources which are available on land are
called land resources.
• Land resources includes natural vegetation, wild
life, human life, economic activities, transport
and communication.
• Land management is the process
of managing the use and development of land re
sources.

11. LAND DEGRADATION
• Land degradation is a process in which the
value of the biophysical environment is
affected by a combination of human-induced
processes acting upon the land.
• It is estimated that up to 4% of the world's
agricultural land is seriously degraded.

12. FACTORS AFFECTING
LAND DEGRADATION

13. 1) SOIL POLLUTION : Soil pollution refers to the
contamination of soil with anomalous
concentrations of toxic substances.
 CAUSES OF SOIL POLLUTION
• Improper disposal of industrial waste.
• Excessive and inefficient usage of pesticides
and fertilizers.
• Petroleum or diesel spills, etc.

14. 2) SALINIZATION OF SOIL : Salinization is the
increase of salt concentration in soil .
• In most cases, Salinization is caused by
dissolved salts in the water supply.
3) SOIL EROSION : Soil erosion is the displacement
of the upper layer of soil; it is a form of soil
degradation.
• This natural process is caused by the dynamic
activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice,
snow, air, plants, animals, and humans.

15. 4) SHIFTING CULTIVATION : Shifting
cultivation refers to the form of agricultural
practice in which a particular land is cleared
of its vegetation and is cultivated for a few
years and when the fertility of the soil
decreases, the farmer shifts to a new land .
5) DESERTIFICATION : Desertification is a type
of land degradation in dry lands in which
biological productivity is lost due to natural
processes or induced by human activities.

16. CONTROL OF LAND DEGRADATION
AND LAND MANAGEMENT

17. 1) PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL
EROSION
• Preventing excessive grazing.
• Prevention of deforestation.
• Plantation of trees and plants.
• Mulch matting can be used to reduce erosion
on the slopes.
• Put a series of fiber logs to prevent any water
or soil from washing away.

18. 2) CHANGE IN FARMING PRACTICES
• Shifting cultivation can be replaced by crop
rotation, mixed cropping or developing
plantation crops which would improve soil
fertility and support large population.
3)USE OF BIOFERTILISERS
• Biofertilisers are the substance that contains
microbes, which helps in promoting the
growth of plants and trees by increasing the
supply of essential nutrients to the plants

19. 4) USE OF MULCHING
• Mulch is simply a protective layer of a material
that is spread on top of the soil.
• Mulches can either be organic -- such as grass
clippings, straw, bark chips.
• inorganic -- such as stones, brick chips, and
plastic

20. WASTE LAND DEVELOPMENT
• Wasteland is that land which is
presently lying unused or which is
not being used to its optimum
potential due to some constraints.
• Converting these lands in use to
meet the increasing needs of the
population is called waste land
development.

21. TYPES OF WASTE LAND
CULTURAL WASTE LAND UNCULTURAL WASTE LAND
•Land capable of or has the
potential for agricultural or can be
afforested.
•Example : surface waterlogged,
cultivation areas etc.
•Barren land and cannot be put to
any productive use, either for
agricultural of for afforestation.
•Example : barren rocky areas,
snow covered or glacier areas.

22. • Agencies involved in waste land
development-
1) The National Waste lands Development
Board (NWDB )
• Was set up in 1985
• Main objective of preventing cultivable land
from becoming waste land.
• Also involved in regeneration of degraded
forest areas, user land arid tracts, mine
spoil, etc.

23. 2) Eco – task forces
• Similar activities are also being carried out by
Eco – task forces of ex-servicemen.
• A joint venture of the ministry of
environment and forest, ministry of defense
and concerned state governed.

24. 3) Co-operative agencies
• There are some co-operative agencies which
are collaborating with NWDB in waste land
management programme.
• Example : The Indian Farmer Fertilizer
Co-operative Ltd. (IFFCO ) is providing funds
for the scheme of waste land development in
Rajasthan.

25. 4) Social Forestry
• Social forestry refers to the management
of forests for the benefits of local communities.
• The main goal of social forestry is to grow trees
and plantations to meet the growing needs of
people in reference to increased demand for
timber, wood, food, fuel, and food to reduce the
pressure and dependency on traditional forest
areas.

26. REFERENCES
• https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jesc116.pdf
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource
• https://dolr.gov.in/integrated-wasteland-
development-programme

27. THANK YOU